IB PHYSICS SL: Work, Energy, Power, Momentum 1.: Object Mass 2.0×10 KG
IB PHYSICS SL: Work, Energy, Power, Momentum 1.: Object Mass 2.0×10 KG
2. Which one of the following is a true statement about energy?
A. Energy is destroyed due to frictional forces.
B. Energy is a measure of the ability to do work.
C. More energy is available when there is a larger power.
D. Energy and power both measure the same quantity.
(1)
3. This question is about driving a metal bar into the ground.
Large metal bars can be driven into the ground using a heavy falling object.
object
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mass = 2.0×10 kg
bar
mass = 400 kg
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In the situation shown, the object has a mass 2.0 × 10 3 kg and the metal bar has a mass of
400 kg.
The object strikes the bar at a speed of 6.0 m s –1 . It comes to rest on the bar without bouncing.
As a result of the collision, the bar is driven into the ground to a depth of 0.75 m.
(a) Determine the speed of the bar immediately after the object strikes it.
(4)
(b) Determine the average frictional force exerted by the ground on the bar.
(3)
(Total 7 marks)
m
4. A body of mass m and speed v has kinetic energy E K . A second body of mass moves at
2
speed 2v. The kinetic energy of this second body is
E K
A. .
2
B. E K.
C. 2EK.
D. 4E K.
(1)
5. A ball of mass m, travelling in a direction at right angles to a vertical wall, strikes the wall with a
speed v 1 . It rebounds at right angles to the wall with a speed v 2 . The ball is in contact with the
wall for a time Δt. The magnitude of the force that the ball exerts on the wall is
m (v 1 + v 2 )
A. .
Dt
m (v 1 - v 2 )
B. .
D t
6. A truck collides head on with a less massive car moving in the opposite direction to the truck.
During the collision, the average force exerted by the truck on the car is FT and the average force
exerted by the car on the truck is F C. Which
one of the following statements is correct?
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7. An elevator (lift) is used to either raise or lower sacks of potatoes. In the diagram, a sack of
potatoes of mass 10 kg is resting on a scale that is resting on the floor of an accelerating
elevator. The scale reads 12 kg.
elevator
10 kg
scale
The best estimate for the acceleration of the elevator is
m 2
A. .
m 1
m 1
B. .
m 2
m 2
C. .
m 1
m 1
D. .
m 2
(1)
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2. The graph below shows the variation with displacement d of the force F applied by a spring on a
cart.
5
4
3
F / N
2
1
0
0 1 2 3
–2
d / 10 m
The work done by the force in moving the cart through a distance of 2 cm is
A. 10 × 10 –2 J.
B. 7×10 –2 J.
C. 5×10 –2 J.
D. 2.5×10 –2 J.
(1)
3. The diagram below shows the variation with displacement x of the force F acting on an object in
the direction of the displacement.
F
R
Q
S
P
0 W V T
0 x 1 x 2 x
A. QRS
B. WPRT
C. WPQV
D. VQRT
(1)
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4. This question is about the kinematics of an elevator (lift).
(a) Explain the difference between the gravitational mass and the inertial mass of an object.
(3)
An elevator (lift) starts from rest on the ground floor and comes to rest at a higher floor. Its
motion is controlled by an electric motor. A simplified graph of the variation of the elevator’s
velocity with time is shown below.
velocity / m s –1
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0
time / s
The elevator is supported by a cable. The diagram below is a freebody force diagram for when
the elevator is moving upwards during the first 0.50 s.
tension
weight
(b) In the space below, draw freebody force diagrams for the elevator during the following
time intervals.
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(3)
A person is standing on weighing scales in the elevator. Before the elevator rises, the reading on
the scales is W.
(c) On the axes below, sketch a graph to show how the reading on the scales varies during the
whole 12.00 s upward journey of the elevator. (Note that this is a sketch graph – you do
not need to add any values.)
reading on scales
W
0.00
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0
time / s
(3)
(d) The elevator now returns to the ground floor where it comes to rest. Describe and explain
the energy changes that take place during the whole up and down journey.
(4)
(Total 13 marks)
5. A machine lifts an object of weight 1.5 × 10 3 N to a height of 10 m. The machine has an overall
efficiency of 20%. The work done by the machine in raising the object is
6. This question is about the collision between two railway trucks (carts).
(a) Define linear momentum.
(1)
In the diagram below, railway truck A is moving along a horizontal track. It collides with a
stationary truck B and on collision, the two join together. Immediately before the collision, truck
A is moving with speed 5.0ms –1 . Immediately after collision, the speed of the trucks is v.
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5.0 ms –1
B
A
Immediately before collision
v
B
A
Immediately after collision
The mass of truck A is 800 kg and the mass of truck B is 1200 kg.
(b) (i) Calculate the speed v immediately after the collision.
(3)
(ii) Calculate the total kinetic energy lost during the collision.
(2)
(c) Suggest what has happened to the lost kinetic energy.
(2)
(Total 8 marks)
7. This question is about estimating energy changes for an escalator (moving staircase).
The diagram below represents an escalator. People step on to it at point A and step off at point
B.
B
30m
40°
A
(a) The escalator is 30 m long and makes an angle of 40° with the horizontal. At full capacity,
48 people step on at point A and step off at point B every minute.
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(ii) Estimate the energy supplied by the escalator motor to the people every minute
when the escalator is working at full capacity.
(1)
The escalator is driven by an electric motor that has an efficiency of 70 %.
(b) Using your answer to (a) (ii), calculate the minimum input power required by the motor to
drive the escalator.
(3)
(Total 7 marks)
8. Which of the following quantities are conserved in an inelastic collision in an isolated system of
two objects?
Linear momentum of system Kinetic energy of system
9. The variation with time of the vertical speed of a ball falling in air is shown below.
Speed
0
0 T time
During the time from 0 to T, the ball gains kinetic energy and loses gravitational potential energy
ΔE p. Which of the following statements is true?
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