Single Line Diagram:

Bina
Gwalior400 KV
400 KV

52 89 89
52

System Data:

Local End:
Remote End:
Voltage: 132.00 kV
Circuit Length: 0.45 km
Max. Loading 25.50 MW
PF 0.90
Base Impedance: 174.24 Ω =((KV)^2)/MVA
Max Loading: 123.93 A
Max. Fault Current 56.94 pu
Min.Fault Current 70.00 % of Max. fault current

Impedances: All values are total values in % on 100MVA base

Positive Phase Sequence Zero Phase Sequence

R1 X1 R0 X0
9.31E-04 2.22E-03 2.33E-03 9.31E-03

Mutual Zero Phase Sequence Z1 Mag 0.00240363 pu

R0m X0m Z1 Angle 67.2114 Deg
0 0 Z0 Mag 0.0096 pu
Z0 Angle 75.9609 Deg

Total Line Max. Fault current 9920.79 A

Imepdence (Z1) 0.02 In ohms Min. fault current 6944.553 A

Zero Seq. Max.Fault MVA 13.0954428 MVA

Impedence (Z0) 0.09 In ohms Min.Fault MVA 9.16680996 MVA
 Page: 2

The Main Protection is a distance protection scheme using a D60 UR relay. The D30 consists of five phase and ground
distance zones of protection (either mho or quadrilateral characteristics). In addition to the Main protection, the D30 also
provides Powerswing Blocking, Directional Earth fault protection, Overvoltage protection, Fault Recording and VT
supervision.

Local End Remote End

End A End B
CT CT

F1 F5 F1 F5

UR Relay - D60 FP1 FP2

CT Ratio: 150/1
Ratio Used: 150 /1
VT Prim Voltage: 132 (kV) Phase to Phase voltage
VT Sec Voltage: 110 (V) Phase to Phase voltage
VT Ratio: 1200 :1

Relay Rating: 1.0 Amp(s)

Element Used: DISTANCE

Ranges available Min - All Zones Reach - Max Step Size
0.02 500.00 0.01 values shown in secondary ohms
Min - Relay Char Ang - Max
30 90 1 values shown in Degrees

Setting Criteria:
Distance protection shall be set as follows:
Zone 1
i) Reach at the line angle of 80% of the protected line
(ii) Time delay - 0 seconds
Zone 2
i) Reach at the line angle of 120% of the protected line
ii) Time delay of 0.5 seconds.
Zone 3
i) Reach at the line angle of 170% of the protected line
ii) Time delay of 1.0 seconds.
 Page: 3

ZONE 1:
Phase Settings:

The relay characteristic angle should be set to match the characteristic angle of the protected line:
+ve sequence RCA = 67 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z1 RCA
zero sequence RCA = 67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 RCA
Direction of Zone = Forward Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z1 Direction
Shape of zone = Mho Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z1 Shape

Required zone 1 reach = 0.0188 Ω sec = 0.8 * Z

Time Delay on zone 1 = 0.000 seconds Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z1 Delay

The Phase Distance Z1 Comp Limit setting can be used to shape the operating characteristic of the zone:
Comp Limit = 90 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z1 Comp Limit

The directional supervising function RCA and Comp Limit should be to the same as the distance element settings:
67 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z1 DIR RCA
90 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z1 DIR Comp Limit

The supervision function provides current supervision of the distance elements to avoid maloperation under fuse fail
conditions. It is set above load if possible, but below 95% of the current for a fault at the limit of Zone 1.
If the Fuse Fail function is arranged to block the distance function, then the setting shall be at minimum.
Min Fault at 132 = 13.1 MVA
= 763.624
Zone 1 Reach = 0.0188
Fault at limit of zone 1 = 763.643
= 57 A
= 0.382 pu

Choose setting in range: 0 < Supervision < 0.382

Choose = 0.050 pu Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z1 Supervision
Ground Settings:

Direction of Zone = Forward Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Direction

Shape of zone = Quad Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Shape
Z0/Z1 Magnitude = 3.99 Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Z0/Z1 Mag
Z0/Z1 Angle = 9 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Z0/Z1 Ang
Ground distance reach = 0.02 Ω sec Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Reach
Comp Limit = 90 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Comp Limit
Directional RCA = 67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 DIR RCA
Directional RCA Comp Limit = 90 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 DIR Comp Limit
Blinder = Reach *( Tan(RCA) - 0.01 Ω sec Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Quad Right Bld
1/Sq.rt(3))/Tan(RCA 67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Quad Right Bld RCA
0.01 Ω sec Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Quad Left Bld
67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Quad Left Bld RCA
0.050 pu Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Supervision
Time Delay on zone 1 = 0.000 seconds Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z1 Delay
Note: Z0/Z1 Magnitude and Angle are used for zero sequence compensation of the ground fault element
ZONE 2: Page: 4

Phase Settings:

The relay characteristic angle should be set to match the characteristic angle of the protected line:
+ve sequence RCA = 67 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z2 RCA
zero sequence RCA = 67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 RCA
Direction of Zone = Forward Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z2 Direction
Shape of zone = Mho Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z2 Shape

Required zone 2 reach = 0.0283 Ω sec = 1.2 * Z

Time Delay on zone 2 = 0.500 seconds Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z2 Delay

The Phase Distance Z2 Comp Limit setting can be used to shape the operating characteristic of the zone:
Comp Limit = 90 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z2 Comp Limit

The directional supervising function RCA and Comp Limit should be to the same as the distance element settings:
67 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z2 DIR RCA
90 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z2 DIR Comp Limit

The supervision function provides current supervision of the distance elements to avoid maloperation under fuse fail
conditions. It is set above load if possible, but below 95% of the current for a fault at the limit of Zone 1.
If the Fuse Fail function is arranged to block the distance function, then the setting shall be at minimum.
Min Fault 13.1 MVA
= 0.399
Zone 1 Reach = 3.7052
Fault at limit of zone 1 = 4.104
= 3517 A
= 3.517 pu

Choose setting in range: 0 < Supervision < 3.517

Choose = 0.050 pu Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z2 Supervision
Ground Settings:

Direction of Zone = Forward Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Direction

Shape of zone = Quad Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Shape
Z0/Z1 Magnitude = 3.99 Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Z0/Z2 Mag
Z0/Z1 Angle = 9 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Z0/Z2 Ang
Ground distance reach = 0.03 Ω sec Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Reach
Comp Limit = 90 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Comp Limit
Directional RCA = 67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 DIR RCA
Directional RCA Comp Limit = 90 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 DIR Comp Limit
0.01 Ω sec Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Quad Right Bld
67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Quad Right Bld RCA
0.01 Ω sec Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Quad Left Bld
67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Quad Left Bld RCA
0.050 pu Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Supervision
Time Delay on zone 2 = 0.500 seconds Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z2 Delay
Note: Z0/Z1 Magnitude and Angle are used for zero sequence compensation of the ground fault element
ZONE 3: Page: 5

Phase Settings:

The relay characteristic angle should be set to match the characteristic angle of the protected line:
+ve sequence RCA = 67 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z3 RCA
zero sequence RCA = 67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 RCA
Direction of Zone = Forward Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z3 Direction
Shape of zone = Mho Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z3 Shape

Required zone 3 reach = 0.0400 Ω sec = 1.7 * Z

Time Delay on zone 3 = 1.000 seconds Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z3 Delay

The Phase Distance Z3 Comp Limit setting can be used to shape the operating characteristic of the zone:
Comp Limit = 90 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z3 Comp Limit

The directional supervising function RCA and Comp Limit should be to the same as the distance element settings:
67 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z3 DIR RCA
90 Degrees Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z3 DIR Comp Limit
The load blinder shall be set with the same RCA as above and the maximum allowable resistive reach:

The supervision function provides current supervision of the distance elements to avoid maloperation under fuse fail
conditions. It is set above load if possible, but below 95% of the current for a fault at the limit of Zone 1.
If the Fuse Fail function is arranged to block the distance function, then the setting shall be at minimum.
Min Fault at 13.1 MVA
= 0.399
Zone 1 Reach = 3.7052
Fault at limit of zone 1 = 4.104
= 3517 A
= 23.440 pu

Choose setting in range: 0 < Supervision < 23.44

Choose = 0.050 pu Setting = PHASE DISTANCE Z3 Supervision
Ground Settings:

Direction of Zone = Forward Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Direction

Shape of zone = Quad Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Shape
Z0/Z1 Magnitude = 3.99 Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Z0/Z1 Mag
Z0/Z1 Angle = 9.0000 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Z0/Z1 Ang
Ground distance reach = 0.04 Ω sec Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Reach
Comp Limit = 90 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Comp Limit
Directional RCA = 67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 DIR RCA
Directional RCA Comp Limit = 90 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 DIR Comp Limit
Blinder = sqrt(3)*Reach *( 0.02 Ω sec Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Quad Right Bld
Tan(RCA) - 67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Quad Right Bld RCA
0.00 Ω sec Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Quad Left Bld
67 Degrees Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Quad Left Bld RCA
0.050 pu Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Supervision
Time Delay on zone 3 = 1.000 seconds Setting = GROUND DISTANCE Z3 Delay
Note: Z0/Z1 Magnitude and Angle are used for zero sequence compensation of the ground fault element
Power Swing Blocking: Page: 6
The Power Swing Blocking function is required, therefore apply the following settings:

Is Power Swing Block Required: Yes

Enabled Setting = POWER SWING DETECT Function
Quad Setting = Shape
Two step Setting = Mode
0.05 pu Setting = Supv
0.04 Ω sec Setting = Reach
0.04 Ω sec Setting = Quad Fwd Out
87 Degrees Setting = Fwd Rca
0.01 Ω sec Setting = Rev Reach
0.01 Ω sec Setting = Quad Rev Out
Blinder = Reach *( Tan(RCA) - 0.04 Ω sec Setting = Outer Rgt Bld
1/Sq.rt(3))/Tan(RCA) 0.008 Ω sec Setting = Outer Lft Bld
0.03 Ω sec Setting = Inner Rgt Bld
0.006 Ω sec Setting = inner Lft Bld
0.1 sec Setting = Delay 1 Pickup
0.05 sec Setting = Delay 1 Reset
ON Setting = Block Mode

Switch On To Fault

Min Fault at 132 = 9.2 MVA Less infeed from 0.45

Z fault = 3272.817 % = (3 * Z1s) + (2 * Z1ohl) + (Z0ohl)
3Io fault = 207.5 = 3 * Io
Required current setting = 159.6 A prim
= 1.064 pu
= 1.064 pu Setting = Phase IOC Line Pickup

Undervoltage setting = 0.850 pu Setting = UV Pickup

LEO Pickup Delay = 0.000 s Setting = Line End Open Pickup Delay
SOTF time = 0.200 s Setting = Line End Open Reset Delay
= 0.200 s Setting = OV Pickup Delay
High Speed AR Bypass = Enabled Setting = Autoreclose Coordination Bypass

Directional Earth Fault

Element Used: NEUTRAL EARTHFAULT DIR. OVERCURRENT

Range available I Pickup Min I Pickup Max Step Size
0.000 30.000 0.001 values shown pu (of Relay Rating)
RCA -90 Deg 90 Deg 1 Deg

Required current setting = 437.386 A prim MVA/(Sqrt(3) X KV)

= 2.916 pu
RCA -15 Degrees
VT Fuse Failure function: Page: 7

This is designed to detect the loss of either 1, 2 or all 3 phase voltages. To detect the loss of 1 or 2 phases, the relay looks
for a significant level of -ve sequence voltage, to detect loss of 3 phases, the relay looks for +ve sequence current and
insignificant +ve sequence voltage. The fuse fail alarm is inhibited for a fault condition.
As the settings for the voltage/current pickups are inbuilt to the relay, the only selectable setting for this function is to enable
or disable it.
Function Enabled Setting = VT Fuse Failure Function

The associated time delay is set using TIMER 9

VT Fail Alarm Timer = 3 seconds Setting = TIMER 9 Pickup Delay

The VT fuse fail can be used to block the operation of the Main Protection:
Is VT Fuse Fail to block MP: Yes Normal setting is "Yes"
Enabled (Block ON) Setting = LATCH 3 Function

Phase Overvoltage

Element Used Flexi element 1,2 & 3 Stage1 for Alarm

Enabled Enabled Enabled
FxE 1 FxE 2 FxE 3 Setting = Flexielement Function
Vag RMS Vbg RMS Vcg RMS Setting = input
SIGNED SIGNED SIGNED Setting = Input Mode
LEVEL LEVEL LEVEL Setting = Compartor Mode
OVER OVER OVER Setting =Direction Type
1.150 pu 1.150 pu 1.150 pu Setting = Pickup Level
3.00% 3.00% 3.00% Setting = Hystersis

Element Used: PHASE OV1 Stage 2 For Trip

Measured Quantity = Phase to Ground Setting = PHASE U/V1 Mode
Required Under volts setting = 1.200 pu Setting = PHASE U/V1 Pickup
Characteristic = Definite Time Setting = PHASE U/V1Curve
Time Delay = 0.00 Setting = PHASE U/V1 Delay
Minimum voltage = 0.300 Setting = PHASE U/V1
UR Distance Quadrilateral Blinder at Load Angle Calculations Page: 8

Milliseconds Milliseconds Milliseconds Milliseconds

20 20 20 20
0.300 s 0.000 s 0.000 s 0.000 s
0.000 s 0.000 s 0.000 s 0.000 s
OFF OFF OFF OFF
Self-reset Self-reset Self-reset Self-reset
Enabled Disabled Disabled Disabled
Reach Reach Load Line = Blinder Line Load Line = Blinder Line

RCA RCA Blinder RCA Blinder RCA

Load Angle= = BldRCA
Load Angle= = BldRCA
30 Deg 30 Deg

Blinder Setting Blinder Setting

=BldStg =BldStg

X X

Blinder : Blinder :
y  tan( BldRCA ) .x 
y  tan( tan( BldRCA
BldRCA ) .x ) .(tan(
BldStg )
BldRCA) .( BldStg )
Load : Load :
 1   1 
y  tan(30y) .x tan(
 30.x) .x   .x
 3  3
When linesWhen  X meet,
meet, xlines and y x y, X and y:  y , therefore :
therefore
 1   1 
tan( BldRCA ) . XBldRCA
tan(  tan( BldRCA
) . X ).(
tan( )   ) .(.BldStg
BldRCA
BldStg X ) . X
 3  3
X
tan( BldRCA
X 
tan( BldRCA
).( BldStg )  ).( BldStg ) 
   1   1 
 tan( BldRCA  tan(   )  
)  BldRCA  
   3    3 
   
   
2  2. tan( BldRCA
2  ).(2BldStg ) 
. tan( BldRCA ).( BldStg ) 
Re ach  XRe . tan(30) XX..tan(30
ach )  X. 
3   3   1   1   
 3. tan( BldRCA  )3. tan(BldRCA

  )  
   3   
    3   
    1    1   
 3. Re ach.tan(3BldRCA
. Re ach). tan(   
 BldRCA )  
    3    3  
And : BldStg
And : BldStg   ).( BldStg ) 
2. tan( BldRCA2).(. tan(
BldStg )
BldRCA
   
   
   