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Math 677. Fall 2009. Homework #5 Solutions

This document contains solutions to homework problems from a differential equations class. It summarizes the solutions to three problems: 1) For a 3D system, it finds a Lyapunov function that proves the origin is asymptotically stable with trajectories being circles parallel to the x1-x2 plane. 2) For a Lienard system, it shows how to write it in a certain form and finds a Lyapunov function that proves asymptotic stability if another condition holds. 3) It analyzes a 2D system in polar coordinates and finds it defines an unstable focus.

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Rodrigo Kosta
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51 views

Math 677. Fall 2009. Homework #5 Solutions

This document contains solutions to homework problems from a differential equations class. It summarizes the solutions to three problems: 1) For a 3D system, it finds a Lyapunov function that proves the origin is asymptotically stable with trajectories being circles parallel to the x1-x2 plane. 2) For a Lienard system, it shows how to write it in a certain form and finds a Lyapunov function that proves asymptotic stability if another condition holds. 3) It analyzes a 2D system in polar coordinates and finds it defines an unstable focus.

Uploaded by

Rodrigo Kosta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Math 677. Fall 2009.

Homework #5 Solutions.
Part I. Exercises are taken from ”Diffential Equations and Dynamical Sys-
tems” by Perko, 3rd edition.

Problem Set 2.9: # 3


For the system 
 −x2 − x1 x22 + x23 − x31
ẋ = x1 + x23 − x32
−x1 x3 − x3 x21 − x2 x23 − x53

the Liapunov function V = x21 + x22 + x23 yields V̇ = −2(x41 + x42 + x63 + x21 (x22 +
x23 )) ≤ 0. Since V (x) > 0 with V = 0 iff x = 0, the function is a strict Lia-
punov function and hence the origin is an asymptotically stable equilibrium.
Linearized system has eigenvalues λ = ±i and λ = 0, so the trajectories are
circles parallel to the x1 − x2 plane.

Problem Set 2.9: # 7


Lienard system ẍ + f (x)ẋ + g(x) = 0 can be written as
ẋ1 = x2 − F (x1 )
ẋ2 = −g(x1 )
Rx
where F (x) = 0
f (s)ds. This can be verified by a direct calculation (taking
x2
ẍ1 ). Now take the Liapunov function in the form V (x) = G(x1 ) + 22 - it is
positive since G(x) > 0. We get V̇ = −g(x1 )F (x1 ), so if g(x)F (x) > 0 in a
deleted nbhd of the origin, the origin is asymptotically stable.

Problem Set 2.10: #1 (c) The system


ẋ = −y + x5
ẏ = x + y 5
in polar coordinates gives ṙ = r5 (sin6 θ + cos6 θ), θ̇ = 1 − 41 r4 sin4 θ. This
defines an unstable focus.

Part II.

ẋ = y − x2
ẏ = x − y 2

1
(a) (0, 0) is a saddle and (1, 1) is a stable node for the linearized system.

(b) By Liapunov function V (x) = 21 ((x − 1)2 + (y − 1)2 ), we get V̇ < 0


for |x − 1| < 1, |y − 1| < 1, so (1, 1) is asymp. stable.
To prove that (0, 0) is unstable, it is enough to have V (x) s.t. V > 0 for
at least some x arbitrary close to the critical point s.t. V̇ > 0. This can be
accomplished via the choice of V = xy.

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