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Cov (X, Y)

Statistical methods are mathematical techniques used to analyze and interpret numerical data from groups or individuals. They study groups, not single units. The document introduces statistical tools used in the study, including Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient method. Pearson's method measures the relationship between two variables using a correlation coefficient 'r' that considers the covariance and standard deviations of the variables. It defines the covariance and standard deviations used to calculate the correlation coefficient.

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Mane Daral
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27 views

Cov (X, Y)

Statistical methods are mathematical techniques used to analyze and interpret numerical data from groups or individuals. They study groups, not single units. The document introduces statistical tools used in the study, including Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient method. Pearson's method measures the relationship between two variables using a correlation coefficient 'r' that considers the covariance and standard deviations of the variables. It defines the covariance and standard deviations used to calculate the correlation coefficient.

Uploaded by

Mane Daral
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Statistical Tools

Statistical methods are the mathematical techniques used to facilitate the analysis and
interpretation of numerical data secured from groups of individuals or group of observation from
a single individual. Statistical method studies only a group of individuals but not a single unit.
Introduction of statistical tools which have been used in this study are given below.

Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient method


Karl’s Pearson’s method is most widely used method of measuring the relationship between two
variables. The relation between two variable say ‘x’ and ‘y’ for a given set of ‘n’ observation as
defined by Pearson’s correlation coefficient is measured by ‘r’
cov (x,y )
r = σx , σy
where, cov (x,y) = Covariance between variable x and y is given by

∑ ( x− x̄)( y- { ȳ ) ¿
r= n

∑ xy
or r(x,y)= nσx σy
where x= (X- X̄ )

y=(Y- Ȳ )
Standard deviation of x series is given by.

∑ x2 ∑ ( X− X̄ )2
σx= √ n = √ n
Standard deviation of y series is given by.

∑ y2 ∑ (Y −Ȳ )2
σy= √ n = √ n
X̄ = Mean of variable x
Ȳ= Mean of variable y
n= number of pairs of x and y observation

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