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Network Infrastructure of E Commerce: Where The Web Was Born

The document discusses the origins and development of the internet and world wide web. It describes how Tim Berners-Lee invented the world wide web in 1989 at CERN to enable sharing of information between scientists. It also discusses the development of HTML and HTTP to publish and transfer documents online, as well as the client-server model that powers internet applications. Finally, it outlines the network infrastructure required to support e-commerce, including consumer access equipment, local networks, and global information distribution systems.

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همسه محمد بدر
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59 views

Network Infrastructure of E Commerce: Where The Web Was Born

The document discusses the origins and development of the internet and world wide web. It describes how Tim Berners-Lee invented the world wide web in 1989 at CERN to enable sharing of information between scientists. It also discusses the development of HTML and HTTP to publish and transfer documents online, as well as the client-server model that powers internet applications. Finally, it outlines the network infrastructure required to support e-commerce, including consumer access equipment, local networks, and global information distribution systems.

Uploaded by

همسه محمد بدر
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Network Infrastructure of E commerce

Where the web was born

Tim Berners-Lee, a scientist at CERN (CERN is the European


Organization for Nuclear Research), invented the World Wide Web (WWW) in
1989. The Web was originally conceived and developed to meet the demand for
automatic information sharing between scientists working in different universities
and institutes all over the world.

The basic idea of the WWW was to merge the technologies of personal
computers, computer networking and hypertext into a powerful and easy to use
global information system.

Mosaic: The Original Browser

By 1992, the Internet had become the most popular network linking researchers
and educators at the post-secondary level throughout the world. Researchers at the
European Laboratory for Particle Physics, known by its French acronym, CERN,
had developed and implemented the World Wide Web, a network-based hypertext
system that let users embed Internet addresses in their documents. Users could
simply click on these references to connect to the reference location itself. Soon
after its release, the Web came to the attention of a programming team at the
National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA).

HTML: HyperText Markup Language is the main markup language for creating
web pages and other information that can be displayed in a web browser.
HTTP: HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is the set of rules for transferring files
(text, graphic images, sound, video, and other multimedia files) on the World Wide
Web. As soon as a Web user opens their Web browser, the user is indirectly
making use of HTTP. HTTP is an application protocol that runs on top of the
TCP/IP suite of protocols (the foundation protocols for the Internet).

(HyperText Transfer Protocol) The communications protocol used to connect to


Web servers on the Internet or on a local network (intranet). Its primary function is
to establish a connection with the server and send HTML pages back to the user's
browser. It is also used to download files from the server either to the browser or to
any other requesting application that uses HTTP.

Client–server model

The client–server model is an approach to computer network programming


developed at Xerox PARC during the 1970s. It is now prevalent in computer
networks. Email, the World Wide Web, and network printing all apply the client–
server model.

The network infrastructure of E-commerce:

Network infrastructure is required for e-commerce to transport content. I-way is a


high-capacity, interactive electronic pipeline used to transfer content in case of e-
commerce. I-way can transfer any type of context like, text, graphics, audio, video.
In other words, multimedia contents are easily transported through I-way.
Components of I-way: - Consumer access equipment. - Local on-ramps, and -
Global information distribution networks.

Consumer access equipment are devices used by consumers to access the


multimedia interactive contents of e-commerce. In this segment, hardware and
software vendors are also included.

Local or access road, or on-ramps: This segment of I-way simplify linkages


between businesses, universities, and homes to the communications backbone.
There are four different types of provider of access ramps: - telecom-based - cable
TV-based - wireless-based and - computer-based online information services.
These providers link users and e-commerce application providers.

Global information distribution networks are the infrastructure that is connecting


countries and continents.

INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY (I-Way)

Any successful E-commerce application will require the I-Way infrastructure in


the same way that regular commerce needs the interstate highway network to carry
goods from point to point. A myriad of computers, communications networks, and
communication software forms the nascent Information Superhighway (I-Way).
The I-Way is not a U.S phenomenon but a global one, as reflected by its various
labels worldwide. For instance, it is also called the National Information
Infrastructure (NII) in the United States, Data-Dori in Japan and Jaring, which is
Malay for "net" in Malaysia. The I-Way and yet-to-be developed technologies will
be key elements in the business transformation. And while earlier resulted in small
gains in productivity and efficiency, integrating them into the I-Way will
fundamentally change the way business is done. These new ideas demand radical
changes in the design of the entire business process. I-Way is not one monolithic
data highway designed according to long-standing, well-defined rules and
regulations based on well-known needs. The I-Way will be a mesh of
interconnected data highways of many forms: telephone wires, cable TV wires,
radio-based wireless-cellular and satellite. The I-Way is quickly acquiring new on-
ramps and even small highway systems.

A network can be defined as:-

 Building block of E-commerce.

 Technologies to integrate Business Process

 Mediator for Digital transmission of Digital

 Content/Message/File/DATA

 The interaction between Entities of business

 like Supplier/Distributor/partner etc…

 A framework with security & ease.

World Wide Web

 Motivation: Developing a global distributed hypermedia system.

 Started 1989 by a research paper issued by Tim Berners-Lee who worked at the
CERN.

 1993: First usable browser (MOSAIC) issued.


 1994: Foundation of World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).– W3C then started
developing HTML, HTTP and Style Sheets.

Internet Technologies

• Distributed Client / Server Architecture

• World Wide Web (WWW, The Web)

• Domain Name System (DNS)

• TCP/IP, Sockets

Client / Server Architecture

• A server acts as a resource manager for a collection of resources of a given type.


• A client performs a task that requires access to some shared hardware and
software resources.
• In the client / server model, all resources are held by servers. Clients issue
requests whenever they need to access one of the resources.

Examples of Client Server Architecture

 A web server (HTTP ,http) manages a collection of web (HTML) pages.


 A web client (HTTP client, a web browser) requests web pages.

Internet
The Internet is the entirety of all connected computers that use the package of
internet protocols at their network systems‘ topmost layer. The collection of
internet protocols implements a packet-oriented Wide Area Network for
connecting networks of diverse protocols and different connection characteristics.

WWW
– The World Wide Web (WWW) is a distributed hypermedia system that relies on
some of the internet‘s services. Most important are the naming service provided by
the Domain Name Service (DNS) and the - quite – reliable connection-oriented
transmission service provided by the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).

Internet Addressing

• Global identification of computers


• Local naming within domains: www.linkedin.com/in/amitom
• Profile.yahoo.com/amitom
• www.yahoo.com
• Mp.nic.in
• structured logically, stable
Non-ambiguous Internet addresses 134.100.11.156
compact, efficient, limited (32 bit).

Connecting to the Internet

• Dial-up Connection: Computers that are serving only as clients need not be
connected to the internet permanently. Computers connected to the internet via a
dial-up connection usually are assigned a dynamic IP address by their ISP (Internet
Service Provider).
• Leased Line Connection: Servers must always be connected to the internet. No
dial-up connection via modem is used, but a leased line. Costs vary depending on
bandwidth, distance and supplementary services.

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