DUCT SIZER Kine. Visco.

Temp Deg Dh
(ʋ) (Sq.ft/s) F

1.687 80 12

Sl No Description Unit Values

1 Airflow Rate CFM 1500
2 Velocity FPM 2000
3 Area Sq.ft 1
4 Dn in 12
5 Re - 193073
6 Head Loss in 0.616111 15.64922
7 De REC in 60
8 Friction f 0.024
9 Roughness value Ɛ 0.00015
10 Length of Duct ft 100
 Dh REC
Air Density
Dh A B ϱ (lb/ct.ft)
50 90 35 0.0765

ASPECT
RATIO 2.571429

laminar - when Re < 2300

transient - when 2300 < Re < 4000
turbulent - when Re > 4000
en Re < 2300
2300 < Re < 4000
hen Re > 4000
Air - Absolute and Kinematic Viscosity - SI & Imperial Units

Ratio of
Temperat Specific Dynamic Thermal
ure Heats Viscosity Conductivity
(K) ( Deg C) Specific Heat - k - - μ - (10-5 kW/m K)

- cp - - cv - (cp/cv) (10-5 kg/m s)

(kJ/kgK) (kJ/kgK)
175 -98 1.0023 0.7152 1.401 1.182 1.593
200 -73 1.0025 0.7154 1.401 1.329 1.809
225 -48 1.0027 0.7156 1.401 1.467 2.02
250 -23 1.0031 0.716 1.401 1.599 2.227
275 2 1.0038 0.7167 1.401 1.725 2.428
300 27 1.0049 0.7178 1.4 1.846 2.624
325 52 1.0063 0.7192 1.4 1.962 2.816
350 77 1.0082 0.7211 1.398 2.075 3.003
375 102 1.0106 0.7235 1.397 2.181 3.186
400 127 1.0135 0.7264 1.395 2.286 3.365
450 177 1.0206 0.7335 1.391 2.485 3.71
500 227 1.0295 0.7424 1.387 2.67 4.041
550 277 1.0398 0.7527 1.381 2.849 4.357
600 327 1.0511 0.764 1.376 3.017 4.661
650 377 1.0629 0.7758 1.37 3.178 4.954
700 427 1.075 0.7879 1.364 3.332 5.236
750 477 1.087 0.7999 1.359 3.482 5.509
800 527 1.0987 0.8116 1.354 3.624 5.774
850 577 1.1101 0.823 1.349 3.763 6.03
900 627 1.1209 0.8338 1.344 3.897 6.276
950 677 1.1313 0.8442 1.34 4.026 6.52
1000 727 1.1411 0.854 1.336 4.153 6.754
1050 777 1.1502 0.8631 1.333 4.276 6.985
1100 827 1.1589 0.8718 1.329 4.396 7.209
1150 877 1.167 0.8799 1.326 4.511 7.427
1200 927 1.1746 0.8875 1.323 4.626 7.64
1250 977 1.1817 0.8946 1.321 4.736 7.849
1300 1027 1.1884 0.9013 1.319 4.846 8.054
1350 1077 1.1946 0.9075 1.316 4.952 8.253
1400 1127 1.2005 0.9134 1.314 5.057 8.45
1500 1227 1.2112 0.9241 1.311 5.264 8.831
1600 1327 1.2207 0.9336 1.308 5.457 9.199
1700 1427 1.2293 0.9422 1.305 5.646 9.554
1800 1527 1.237 0.9499 1.302 5.829 9.899
 1900 1627 1.244 0.9569 1.3 6.008 10.233

 At
1)

pressure
 1 atm

Air - Absolute and Kinematic Viscosity - Imperial Units

o
C = K - 273

A conversion from absolute to kinematic viscosity in Imperial units can be expressed

as

ν = 6.7197 10-4 μ / γ                                                     (2a)

where

ν = kinematic viscosity (ft2/s)

μ = absolute or dynamic viscosity (cP)

γ = specific weight (lb/ft3)
 Thermal
Kinematic Diffusivity
Viscosity1) Density1)
Prandtl
Number - ν - - ρ - -α-

(10-5 m2/s) (kg/m3) (10-6 m2/s)

0.744 0.586 2.017

0.736 0.753 1.765 10.23
0.728 0.935 1.569
0.72 1.132 1.412 15.72
0.713 1.343 1.284
0.707 1.568 1.177 22.18
0.701 1.807 1.086
0.697 2.056 1.009 29.5
0.692 2.317 0.9413
0.688 2.591 0.8824 37.66
0.684 3.168 0.7844
0.68 3.782 0.706
0.68 4.439 0.6418
0.68 5.128 0.5883
0.682 5.853 0.543
0.684 6.607 0.5043
0.687 7.399 0.4706
0.69 8.214 0.4412
0.693 9.061 0.4153
0.696 9.936 0.3922
0.699 10.83 0.3716
0.702 11.76 0.353
0.704 12.72 0.3362
0.707 13.7 0.3209
0.709 14.7 0.3069
0.711 15.73 0.2941
0.713 16.77 0.2824
0.715 17.85 0.2715
0.717 18.94 0.2615
0.719 20.06 0.2521
0.722 22.36 0.2353
0.724 24.74 0.2206
0.726 27.2 0.2076
0.728 29.72 0.1961
0.73 32.34 0.1858
 Dynamic (absolute) and kinematic viscosity of air at 1 atmosphere pressure, at
temperatures given as °F:

Temperature Dynamic Viscosity Kinematic Viscosity

[μPa s], [cP],

[°F] [lbf s/ft2 *10-6] [lbm /ft h] [N s/m2 *10-6] [mPa s] [ft2/s *10-4]

-100 0.2772 0.03211 13.27 0.01327 0.809

-50 0.3091 0.0358 14.8 0.0148 1.028

-20 0.3275 0.03794 15.68 0.01568 1.17

0 0.3395 0.03932 16.25 0.01625 1.267

10 0.3454 0.04001 16.54 0.01654 1.317

20 0.3512 0.04068 16.82 0.01682 1.368

30 0.357 0.04135 17.1 0.0171 1.42

40 0.3628 0.04202 17.37 0.01737 1.472

50 0.3685 0.04268 17.64 0.01764 1.524

60 0.3741 0.04333 17.91 0.01791 1.578

70 0.3797 0.04398 18.18 0.01818 1.632

80 0.3852 0.04462 18.45 0.01845 1.687

100 0.3962 0.04589 18.97 0.01897 1.799

120 0.4069 0.04713 19.48 0.01948 1.913

140 0.4175 0.04835 19.99 0.01999 2.03

160 0.4279 0.04956 20.49 0.02049 2.15

180 0.4381 0.05074 20.98 0.02098 2.272

200 0.4481 0.05191 21.46 0.02146 2.397

250 0.4726 0.05474 22.63 0.02263 2.719

300 0.4962 0.05747 23.76 0.02376 3.055

350 0.5189 0.0601 24.85 0.02485 3.405

400 0.5409 0.06265 25.9 0.0259 3.769

450 0.5622 0.06512 26.92 0.02692 4.146

500 0.5828 0.06751 27.91 0.02791 4.535

600 0.6224 0.07209 29.8 0.0298 5.349

700 0.66 0.07644 31.6 0.0316 6.209

773 0.6863 0.07949 32.86 0.03286 6.864

1000 0.7632 0.0884 36.54 0.03654 9.038

1200 0.8258 0.09565 39.54 0.03954 11.12

1400 0.8844 0.1024 42.35 0.04235 13.34

1600 0.9397 0.1088 44.99 0.04499 15.7

1800 0.9919 0.1149 47.49 0.04749 18.18

2000 1.042 0.1207 49.87 0.04987 20.79

here pressure, at

Kinematic Viscosity
[cSt],

[m2/s *10-6]

7.51

9.55

10.87

11.77

12.24

12.71

13.19

13.67

14.16

14.66

15.16

15.67

16.71

17.78

18.86

19.97

21.11

22.27

25.26

28.38

31.64

35.02

38.52

42.13

49.7

57.68

63.77

83.97
103.3

123.9

145.8

168.9

193.1
Hydraulic Diameter
Hydraulic diameter of pipes and ducts

Hydraulic diameter - dh - is the "characteristic length" used to calculate the

dimensionless Reynolds Number to determine if a flow is turbulent or
laminar. A flow is

laminar if Re < 2300

transient for 2300 < Re < 4000
turbulent if Re > 4000

Hydraulic Diameter vs. Equivalent Diameter

Note that the velocity in the Reynolds equation is based on actual

cross section area of duct or pipe.

The hydraulic diameter is used to calculate pressure loss in ducts or pipes.

Note! - the hydraulic diameter is not the same as the

geometrical equivalent diameter of non-circular ducts or pipes. 

Hydraulic diameter can be calculated with the generic equation

dh = 4 A / p                               (1)

where

dh = hydraulic diameter (m, ft)

A = area section of the duct or pipe (m2, ft2)

p = "wetted" perimeter of the duct or pipe (m, ft)

Note! - inches are commonly used in the Imperial unit system. 

Hydraulic Diameter of a Circular Tube or Duct

Based on equation (1) the hydraulic diameter of a circular duct can
be expressed as:

dh = 4 π r2 / 2 π r

    = 2 r 

    = d                                  (2)

where

r = pipe or duct inside radius  (m, ft)

d = pipe or duct inside diameter  (m, ft)

As we could expect the hydraulic diameter of a standard circular tube

or duct is the inner diameter or two times the inner radius.

Hydraulic Diameter of Circular Tube with Circular Tube on

the Inside
The flow is in the volume between the inside and outside pipe.
Based on equation (1) the hydraulic diameter of a circular duct or
tube with an inside duct or tube can be expressed as

dh = 4 (π ro2 - π ri2) / (2 π ro + 2 π ri)

    = 2 (ro - ri)                                        (3)

where

ro = inside radius of the outside tube (m, ft)

ri = outside radius of the inside tube (m, ft)

Hydraulic Diameter of Rectangular Tubes or Ducts

Based on equation (1) the hydraulic diameter of a rectangular duct or
pipe can be calculated as

dh = 4 a b / (2 (a + b))

    = 2 a b / (a + b)                                 (4)

where

a = width/height of the duct (m, ft)

b = height/width of the duct (m, ft)

Related Mobile Apps from The EngineeringToolBox

Hydraulic Diameter App

- free apps for offline use on mobile devices.

Rectangular to Circulate Duct/Tube Hydraulic Diameter

Calculator
The calculator below is based on formula (4) an can be used to
calculate the hydraulic diameter of rectangular duct or tube. The
formula is generic and any unit can be used.

 Length side a - (m, ft)

 Length side - b - (m, ft)

Equivalent diameter

Note! The hydraulic diameter is not the same as the equivalent diameter.

The equivalent diameter is the diameter of a circular duct or pipe that gives
the same pressure loss as a rectangular duct or pipe
 tandard Atmosphere" can be regarded as an average pressure, temperature and air density fo

The "U.S. Standard Atmosphere 1976" is an atmospheric model of how the pressure, temperatu
atmosphere changes with altitude. It is defined as having a temperature of 288.15 K (15 oC, 59
height and 101325 Pa (1013.25 hPa, 1013.25 mbar, 760 mm Hg, 2

The atmosphere are divided in

the Troposphere - ranging 0 to 11 km (36.000 ft)

the Stratosphere - ranging 11 to to 51 km (167.000 ft) 
the Mesosphere - ranging 51 to 71 km (232.000 ft)
the Ionosphere - ranging above 71 km (above 232.000 ft)

U.S. Standard Atmosphere Air Properties - Imperial (BG) Units

Geo-potential Acceleration of
Altitude above Sea Temperature Absolute Pressure
Level
Gravity
- h - - t - - g - - p -
(ft) (oF) (ft/s2) (lb/in2)

-5000 76.84 32.189 17.554

0 59 32.174 14.696

5000 41.17 32.159 12.228

10000 23.36 32.143 10.108

15000 5.55 32.128 8.297

20000 -12.26 32.112 6.759

25000 -30.05 32.097 5.461

30000 -47.83 32.082 4.373

35000 -65.61 32.066 3.468

40000 -69.7 32.051 2.73

45000 -69.7 32.036 2.149

 45000 -69.7 32.036 2.149

50000 -69.7 32.02 1.692

60000 -69.7 31.99 1.049

70000 -67.42 31.959 0.651

80000 -61.98 31.929 0.406

90000 -56.54 31.897 0.255

100000 -51.1 31.868 0.162

150000 19.4 31.717 0.02

200000 -19.78 31.566 0.003

250000 -88.77 31.415 0

U.S. Standard
Atmosphere Air
Properties - SI
Units
emperature and air density for various altitudes.

how the pressure, temperature, density, and viscosity of the Earth's

rature of 288.15 K (15 oC, 59 oF) at the sea level 0 km geo-potential
1013.25 mbar, 760 mm Hg, 29.92 in Hg).

m (36.000 ft) altitude
m (167.000 ft) altitude
m (232.000 ft) altitude
bove 232.000 ft) altitude

es - Imperial (BG) Units

Density Dynamic Viscosity

- ρ - - μ -
(10-4 slugs/ft3) (10-7 lb s/ft2)
Lbs/Cu.ft (10-7 slug /(ft s))
27.45
0.0883 3.836
23.77
0.0765 3.737
20.48
0.0659 3.637
17.56
0.0565 3.534
14.96
0.0481 3.43
12.67
0.0408 3.324
10.66
0.0343 3.217
8.91
0.0287 3.107
7.38
0.0237 2.995
5.87
0.0189 2.969
4.62
2.969
 0.0149 2.969
3.64
0.0117 2.969
2.26
0.00727 2.969
1.39
0.00447 2.984
0.86
0.00277 3.018
0.56
0.0018 3.052
0.33
0.00106 3.087
0.037
0.000119 3.511
0.0053
1.71E-05 3.279
0.00065
2.09E-06 2.846