Learning Plan in Mathematics 10

Time Frame: 5 days

I. Learning Content: Skewness

II. Learning Objectives: At the end of the topic, the learners must be able to:
1. Illustrate and describe the properties of skewness
2. Enumerate and differentiate the types of skewness
3. Calculate the value of skewness
4. To follow the steps in solving skewness in MS Excel comprehensively.
III. Learning Materials: MS PowerPoint, MS Excel, Laptop, Projector/TV Screen
Reference: Practical Math 10
IV. Value Focus: The students learn to show cooperation and attentiveness in class.
V. Learning Experiences:
-The teacher facilitates the brainstorming activity of the students about Data Analysis and uses it
as a spring board to introduce the new topic.

Data
Analysis
 Explore
Measures Measures Measures
Measures
of Central of of
of Shape
Tendency Variability Position

Mean Mode Standard

Median Range Deviation Quartile Decile Percentile Skewness Kurtosis

-The discussion starts with the illustration of a symmetrical distribution and the teacher solicits
idea from the student with regards to the illustration.

Mean
Median
Mode

Mean=Median=Mode

-Teacher gives the definition of skewness, followed by the illustration of the skewedness of a data
set and its definition.

Skewness- measures the asymmetry of a data set. A data is considered symmetric if it has the same
appearance on the left .It gives the amount and the direction of the skew of a data set or the
degree of symmetry of the distribution.
 Firm Up
+ -
Mode Median Mean Mean Median Mode
Positively skewed distribution Negatively skewed distribution

Skewed to the right/ Positively skewed distribution- majority of the data set is at the left side and
the right tail is longer. Mean<Median<Mode
Skewed to the left/ Negatively skewed distribution-majority of the data set is at the right side and
the left tail is longer. Mode>Median>Mean

Histogram illustration of skewness

-The teacher introduces the formula of Skewness and a little trivia about Karl Pearson.

3(𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛−𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛) 3(x - x)
Formula: 𝑠𝑘 = 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑠

-The teacher presents a scenario of students’ score relating to skewness and let the students do
the interpretation.
-Given a data (ungrouped first followed by grouped) the teacher discusses and explain the
procedure on how to compute the skewness.

a. Determine the skewness of the following data on the height (in cm) of 15 preschool
students.
80 82 88 88 90
91 92 92 93 94
94 95 96 96 96

b. Determine the skewness of the data below.

The table below shows the weight (in pounds) of 100 randomly selected dogs in a dog
shelter.
Weight (in pounds) Frequency (f)
60-62 5
63-65 17
66-68 42
69-71 27
72-74 9

Solutions:

a. To apply the formula for skewness, you need to determine first the mean, median, and
the standard deviation of the data set.
80+82+88+88+90+91+92+92+93+94+94+95+96+96+96 1367
Mean: x̅ = 15
= 15 = 91.13
Median: x̃ = 92 ← 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑑𝑙𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
2
𝑛 ∑ 𝑥 2−(∑ 𝑥) 15(124915)−(1367) 2
Standard deviation: 𝑠 = √ 𝑛(𝑛−1)
=√ 15(15−1)
= 4.9
3(x̅−x̃) 3(91.13−92)
Skewness: 𝑠𝑘 = 𝑠 = 4.9
= −0.53
Interpretation: Since the value of the skewness I negative number, it implies that the
data is skewed to the left. Majority of the heights of students are are greater than the
mean and median height of the group.

3(x̅−x̃)
b. Use the formula𝑠𝑘 = 𝑠 to find the skewness of the given data set.
First, find the class mark, then the mean, median, standard deviation using the formula
for grouped data.
Cumulative
Weight Class Mark Frequency
Frequency 𝑓𝑥 𝑥2 𝑓𝑥 2
(in pounds) (x) (f)
(cf)
60-62 61 5 5 305 3 721 18 605
63-65 64 17 22 1 088 4 096 69 632
66-68 67 42 64 2 814 4 489 188 538
69-71 70 27 91 1 890 4 900 132 300
72-74 73 9 100 657 5 329 47 961

mean = 67.54
median = 67.5
standard deviation = 2.97
3(x̅ − x̃ ) 3(67.54 − 67.5)
𝑠𝑘 = = = 0.04
𝑠 2.97
Interpretation: The skewness of the given data set is 0.04. It is positively skewed.
Therefore, most of the dogs have weights that are less than the mean and median
weights.
 -An additional input on the basis of skewness interpretation is given next.

When interpreting skewness, you may refer to the following:

 If the skewness value is less than -1 or greater than 1, then the data set is highly skewed.
 If the skewness value is between -1 and -0.5 or between o.5 and 1, then the data set is
moderately skewed.
 If the skewness value is between -0.5 and 0.5, then the data set is approximately symmetric.
A skewness value that is closer to zero indicates that the data set is approximately symmetric.

-Going back to the previously computed value of skewness, the students do the interpretation
based from the given basis of skewness interpretation.

-The students do the practice exercise on skewness with the guidance of the teacher.

1. Determine the skewness of the given data set.

Frequency of scores in Math quiz of all Grade 10 students (n=160)
Score 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Frequency 3 5 4 18 19 20 28 28 23 12

2. How is the measure of skewness different from other measures of data analysis and
interpretation?

-The teacher introduced the use of Microsoft Excel application in finding the skewness of a data set
(same data set will be used in the example given by the teacher)

STEPS:
1. Enter all the data set in a column of a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. Go to Formulas in the
Menu bar and click the Insert Function, then select the category Statistical.

 Deepen

2. To find the skewness of the data set, select the function SKEW, then press Enter.
 3. In the Function Arguments dialog box, input in the Array section the selected data set in
thespreadsheet.Click OK.

 Transfer -In assessing students learning about skewness, a teacher made test is given.

Prepared by:

ANGEL FRENZ E. ENCANTO

 QUIZ
Topic: Skewness
Grade Level: 10

Name: ________________________________
Teacher: MS. ANGEL FRENZ E. ENCANTO

I. Directions: Determine whether the data set illustrated is positively skewed, negatively skewed,
or symmetric. Write your answer on the space provided.

1. _______________________________

Mode Mean
Median

2. _______________________________

80
70
60
Frequency

50
40
30
20
10
0

3. _______________________________

II. Directions: Choose which set that you would like to answer (either SET A or SET B).Determine
whether the data set with the given skewness is highly skewed, moderately skewed or
symmetric. Write your answer at the right side of every item.

SET A SET B

1. 𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 = 0.23 − 1. 𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 = 2.26 −

2. 𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 = 1.19 − 2. 𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 = 1.65 −
3. 𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 = 0.38 − 3. 𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 = 0.55 −
4. 𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 = 0.75 − 4. 𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 = 3.5 −
5. 𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 = −0.25 − 5. 𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 = −0.33 −
III. Directions: Solve for the solutions of the following situations. Write the solution on the available
space below.
1. Determine the skewness of the given data set.
The data below show the pulse rate (in beats per minute) of 25 female employees.

83 75 78 63 79
57 84 73 65 70
58 80 65 60 54
76 72 75 74 83
81 84 78 77 66

2. Given a skewness of 1.35, a median of 50.3, and a standard deviation of 1.1, find the
mean of the data set. Sketch an illustration of the shape of the data set. Indicate the
positions of mean and median in the illustration.