6/10/2020 Telecom Billing - Terminologies/Glossary - Tutorialspoint

Telecom Billing - Terminologies/Glossary

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Sr.No. Term & Description

1 24x7 architecture
An architecture that allows a computer system to operate continuously with the
absolute minimum of downtime. This typically includes the ability to upgrade
components of the system (hardware, software, data, etc.) without the need for the
whole system to go offline.

2 access service request

A request made by one telephone company to another telephone company to meet

any kind of interconnectivity or data sharing need. Abbreviation: ASR.

3 account
The entity that is invoiced.

4 account action threshold

The threshold value that triggers an external action as part of an account threshold
set.

5 account available credit

The amount used to determine if further authorizations can be granted.

6 account balance
The total amount billed minus the total amount paid.

7 account credit buffer

An addition to an account's credit limit that can be used to compensate for non-cash
resource bundles available to an account; for example, free minutes of telephone
calls when performing an authorization credit check.

8 account currency

The currency used for an account. All transactions on the account must be in the
account currency.

9 account number
A unique identifier for an account that can be either system-generated or entered
manually.

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10 account start date

The time and date that an account is deemed to have started.

11
account status
The status of an account that indicates which stage of its life cycle the account is at.
Valid life cycle stages include pending, live, awaiting final bill, suspended, and
terminated.

12 account suspension
A period during which billing should not take place for the account.

13 account unpaid spend

The account unpaid spend is defined as the account balance minus total
adjustments plus unbilled usage plus the total of accumulated partial events.

14
accounting method
The method by which invoices and payments are handled. This can be either open
item or balance forward.

15 accounting period
A period of time, expressed in terms of a fiscal year and period within that year, that
can be used when exporting financial information from Infinys.

16
accounts receivable
The outstanding balance due on current customer accounts. Abbreviation: A/R.

17
accruals

This is the U.K. English equivalent to earned but unbilled accruals.

18
active account

An account that is live and can be billed.

19
adjustment

A method of crediting or debiting an account with an arbitrary amount of money.

20
advice of charge request

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A message sent from the network element to Prepaid System to request information
on how much a given event would cost if initiated.

21 age of receivables

The number of days between the actual bill date of the unpaid invoice and today's
date.

22 agreement

A contractual business relationship established by the operator with its business

partners. The agreement enables the partners to offer services to the operator's
customers and to share the revenue with the operator.

23
APMN
Stands for associated PMN.

24
application programming interface
The interface (calling conventions) by which an application program accesses
operating systems and other services. An application programming interface is
defined at the source-code level and provides a level of abstraction between the
application and the kernel (or other privileged utilities) to ensure the portability of the
code. Abbreviation: API.

25
associated PMN
A public mobile network associated with a specified event. Abbreviation: APMN.

26
asymmetric digital subscriber line

A technology for transmitting digital information at a high bandwidth on existing

telephone lines to homes and businesses. Abbreviation: ADSL.

27
asynchronous transfer mode
A wireline protocol that supports data communication (with separate bandwidth
controls for different types of transfer) over data connection facilities. Abbreviation:
ATM.

28 audit trail

A record that is added to whenever a transaction with a financial implication is made.

29 authentication

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The process of verifying that a user is who he or she claims to be. The user supplies
a user ID and an authentication credential, such as a password. The system accepts
these as inputs and verifies that the user is valid and has access to the system.

30
authorization
The process of verifying what an authenticated user is allowed to do.

31
balance forward

An accounting method in which payments and invoices are allocated to the oldest
receivables (invoice).

32
balance transfer
A transfer of money between accounts.

33
Banks Automated Clearing System
A system for processing automatic payment collections and refunds on bank
accounts, credit cards, or debit cards. Abbreviation: BACS.

34
BIDDS
Stands for Barclays International Direct Debit Service and it is a system for
processing automatic payment collections on bank accounts

35 bill image

An on-screen version of a bill as sent to the customer.

36 bill template

A template used by the Bill Formatting Engine for producing bills.

37
bill type
A categorization of a bill based on its purpose, timing, and content. Examples are
initiation bill, periodic bill, final bill, post-final bill, interim bill or credit note.

38 billing time discount

A discount that is applied to an event at billing time, changing the cost of the event
as written to the database. Billing time discounts include pre-itemization discounts,
tax discounts, post-itemization discounts, aggregate pricing discounts, and banded
discounts.

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39 billing window

The length of time that the billing operator can generate product charges in advance
of the next bill period.

40
bundle
See package.

41
busy hour
The peak time for network traffic.

42 calling circle

A relationship between telephone users, who are modelled as members and non-
members of the circle. Within this model, a call made by a member of the circle to
another circle member might be priced using a different rate to that applied to a non-
member making the same call.

43 Calling Line Identifier

The telephone line from which a telephone call originates. Abbreviation: CLI.

44
CAMEL
Stands for customized applications for mobile network enhanced logic.

45 carrier grade real-time

The instantaneous handling of actions, such as rating of events, in volumes that
meet the needs of Tier 1 operators. A carrier grade real-time system provides the
combined functionality and operational robustness that Tier 1 operators require.

46 catalog

A set of configurable data specifying price plans and other related information. The
catalog's position in the catalog life cycle is indicated by its catalog status

47 CDR

A record of a telephony event. Abbreviation: CDR.

48 Centrex
Centrex or CENTRalised EXchange is a service offered by telecom service
providers that allocates a section of a public telephone switch to dedicated use by a
single organization. It gives the customer the functionality of a private telephone
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switch without the need for in-house telecom equipment or expertise, and is
especially useful for small companies.

49 charge type
Examples: initiation charge, periodic charge, final charge, termination charge,
reactivation charge and usage charge.

50
chasable debt
This is the U.K. English equivalent to net receivables.

51 child product

A product the purchase of which is dependent upon the purchase of another

product.

52 collection action
An action that is to be performed when the receivables for an account reach a
particular age.

53 collection schedule
The series of actions to be taken as receivables become older, that is, reach a
defined effective age of receivables. It defines which dunning action must be carried
out and timing for each action.

54 collection system

A system that is available for the handling of receivables. Each collection action is
associated with a collection system through which it is implemented.

55 contact

A person with whom the operator has contact for a given customer. Each contact
can have a designated language (to be used in any correspondence, to have
communication with, etc.).

56
contract
A commitment from the customer to take one or more products for a set period of
time, usually in return for a cheaper price plan. Contracts can be either fixed
contracts or variable contracts.

57 contract term

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The duration of a contract. This determines the date for calculating early termination
surcharges, and (for fixed contracts) how long the price is fixed for.

58 convergent billing

The ability to take any number and combination of products and services and
consolidate them into a single bill, regardless of the type of product and market
segment.

59
credit class
The credit category for an account or customer. It summarizes the overall credit
worthiness of a customer or account.

60 credit exposure

The estimated maximum potential liability of an account considering all events

(including partial events and authorizations) that Infinys is aware of. The credit
exposure of an account is defined as the total billed for the account minus the total
payments received for the account plus unbilled rated events minus total
adjustments for the account plus the cost of accumulated partial event plus the
outstanding amount relating to pre-authorized events.

61 credit limit
The total amount of liability that the Infinys operator is prepared to allow a particular
customer or account to have.

62
credit note
An extra bill containing all adjustments in the customer's favor since the last bill was
generated.

63
customer
A legal grouping entity for accounts. A customer can purchase packages,
subscriptions, and products that then are billed on one or more accounts.

64
customer hierarchy
A flexible accounting structure used to represent the actual structure of a billed
entity.

65 day book

A financial report listing all transactions of a specific type that occurred on a specific
day; for example, sales, payments or disputes.
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66 debt action

This is the U.K. English equivalent to collections

67 debt age
This is the U.K. English equivalent to age of receivables

68 deposit

The amount of money held against an account in parallel with the account balance,
usually to offset possible failure to return equipment, non-payment of bills, etc.

69 discount application

A discount application describes the type of discount that can be applied to modify
an event's price.

70 discount period
The period of time during which a particular event discount applies. For example, for
a discount where a customer receives 30 minutes of free telephone calls every two
weeks, the discount period is two weeks.

71 dispute

A record of a disagreement raised by a customer or partner, typically in reference to

a charge. An Infinys user may raise, track, and resolve disputes.

72 dunning notice

A written notification that is sent to the customer of a delinquent account asking for
payment.

73 duplicate event

A duplicate event is defined as any unbilled event that relates to another unbilled
event in all of the following ways: the account numbers are identical, the event
sources are identical, the event type IDs are identical, the cost center IDs are
identical, the event dates and times are identical.

74 early termination surcharge

A charge generated when products on a contract are terminated before the end of
the contract (including when the contract as a whole is terminated).

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75 electronic funds transfer

The transfer of money from one financial institution to another over an electronic
network. Abbreviation: EFT.

76 event
A distinct incident that occurs at a particular point in time and which has event
attributes that allow it to be rated. For example, a telephone call, an Internet
download, or the viewing of a program.

77 event attribute

A feature of an event that allows it to be rated, discounted, etc. For example, a

telephony event may have attributes, which describe the time it occurred, the
duration of the call, the number dialed, and the type of call .

78
failed payment
A physical payment that has not been successful; for example, a check payment
rejected due to lack of funds.

79 final bill

A bill generated when an account is terminated to bill all outstanding charges that
are due. If necessary, it can be followed by a post-final bill.

80 fixed contract

A contract where the price of the product(s) on the contract is fixed at the start of the
contract.

81 foreign network operator

A network operator other than the Billing System network operator. A foreign
network operator may have an interconnect accounting agreement with the host
network operator that allows events to be passed between the two networks.
Abbreviation: FNO.

82 foreign PMN
A public mobile network owned by another network operator. Abbreviation: FPMN.

83 general ledger

The accounting records that show all the financial statement accounts of a business.
Abbreviation: GL.

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84 home PMN

The home public mobile network of a customer making roaming mobile telephone
calls. Abbreviation: HPMN.

85 host network operator

The network operator with which the Billing System operator is associated.

86
in-advance tariff
This is the U.K. English equivalent to in-advance price plan.

87 Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier

The term for a Local Exchange Carrier following deregulation of the

telecommunications industry. Abbreviation: ILEC.

88 intelligent network
A service-independent telecommunications network. Intelligence is taken out of the
switch and placed in computer nodes that are distributed throughout the network.
This provides the network operator with the means to develop and control services
more efficiently. New capabilities can be rapidly introduced into the network and
easily customized to meet individual customer's needs.

89
interconnect accounting agreement
A breakdown of events to facilitate the reconciliation of outbound interconnect call
detail records, that is, call detail records for which an invoice will be received.
Abbreviation: IAA.

90 interim bill
A bill generated in addition to the periodic bills generated for an account. AKA
interim invoice

91 interstate call
A type of telephone call with an origin (dialing number) and destination (dialed
number) within different U.S. states.

92 intrastate call
A type of telephone call with an origin (dialing number) and destination (dialed
number) within the same U.S. state. State regulators have jurisdiction over intrastate
calls.

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93 invoice
A legal document demanding payment for one or more product instances, and their
associated events, for a single account.

94 itemization
Detailed breakdown of one or more items of the invoice; for example, a list of
requested films from a pay-per-view television channel.

95 late event
An event that occurs while a rating time discount is applicable but is not entered into
the Billing database until after the discount's period of applicability has ended.

96 leased line
A dedicated line used to transmit voice, data, or video and charged by a fixed
monthly fee.

97
local number portability
Local Number Portability (LNP) is the process that allows a customer to keep their
telephone number when they change their operator in their same geographic area.
Local number portability requires that service providers release their control of one
of their assigned telephone numbers so customers can transfer to a competitive
provider without having to change their telephone number. LNP also involves
providing access to databases of telephone numbers to competing companies that
allow them to determine the destination of telephone calls delivered to a local
service area.

98 local toll call

A toll call carried by the Local Exchange Carrier that is within a Local Access
Transport Area.

99 lockbox
A check processing service.

100 logical inventory

The intangible assets of a company. For example: IP addresses, calling card

numbers, and telephone access numbers are examples of logical inventory.

101 long distance call

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A call carried across Local Access Transport Areas by a long distance carrier or
Inter Exchange Carrier.

102 loyalty points

The points awarded as products are purchased and/or used. They may be
redeemed for goods as specified by the service provider.

103 market segment

An optional categorization of a customer, such as a senior citizen or college student,

that is used to filter and price available offers. Examples: senior citizen, college
student, AAA member, etc.

104 mediation

A process for retrieving usage records (such as call detail records) from the network
equipment.

105 MOC

Stands for mobile originated call. An outgoing mobile telephone call. Specifically with
a TAP file this is recognized as a type of TAP event. Abbreviation: MOC.

106 MSISDN

Stands for Mobile Station International Standard Dialing Number.

107 MTC
Stands for Mobile Terminated Call. An incoming mobile phone call. Specifically with
a TAP file this is recognized as a type of TAP event. Abbreviation: MTC.

108 net receivables

The maximum receivables that can be chased on an account or an invoice,
calculated using the equation total receivables minus any pending disputes raised
against the account/invoice minus pending or exported payment requests relating to
the account/invoice.

109 network element

The control element on the network that is responsible for controlling and metering
events for any type of service that uses Billing System to rate usage.

110 network operator

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A body responsible for the operation of a network; for example, the company that
runs a telephone network.

111 nominal bill date

The date a bill created via the Billing Engine was scheduled or requested to be
produced. This may differ by several days from the actual bill date if billing is run late
or infrequently.

112 Number Translation Service

A service such as an 0800 or 0898 call provider.

113
numbering plan area
The first three digits of a North American telephone number referred to as the area
code.

114
offering
The collection of items that is sold to the customer as a single marketing entity.

115 operational support system

A system that helps service providers manage computer network problems.

Abbreviation: OSS.

116 override price

A change to the standard price plan price for a product, defined individually for a
customer.

117 package

A defined group of products that are sold together as a unit at a pre-defined price.

118 parametric product

A product that can have a quantity associated with it, so that a customer can, for
example, take 200 Centrex lines or 14 miles of leased lines and have it appear as a
single item.

119 parent product

A product that can be purchased without any dependencies.

120
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partner account

The account that is created under an agreement and is invoiced for charges that are
specific to managing the account.

121 payload

The physical message that is sent through the Event Service to an external system.
Payloads are of different types, such as a class name and object identifier, a
name/value pair, or an XML document.

122 payment authorization request

A request sent to a payment authority (bank, credit card service, etc.) to confirm,
update, or cancel an automatic payment authorization.

123 payment due date

The defined period of time (usually expressed in days) after an invoice is produced,
when payment of that invoice should be received.

124 payment method

The way in which the customer can make payment; for example, direct debit, check.

125 payment request post-processor

A post-processor used to convert payment request format files containing payments
into formats suitable for BACS and BIDDS.

126 pending product

A product that is not yet active

127 periodic bill

A bill produced at regular intervals depending on the bill period specified for the
account.

128 periodic charge

A product charge that is applied every charge period. Example: a line rental charge.

129 PMN agreement

A roaming agreement between the Billing operator and its roaming partners.

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130 port in
The process of importing logical item identifiers, such as telephone access numbers,
from another service provider into the Billing operator's inventory. A configuration
must support ranges in order to port in access numbers

131 port out

The process of exporting logical item identifiers, such as telephone access numbers,
to another vendor. A configuration must support ranges in order to port out access
numbers.

132 prepayment

An amount invoiced in advance of a particular date (for example, the end of an

accounting period) for goods and services that are to be provided after that date; for
example, pay in advance line rental charges.

133 Private Branch Exchange

A computerized on-site telephony system, usually used by business customers.

Abbreviation: PBX.

134 product

A tangible or intangible object that is offered to the customer to buy or lease. A

product may be for continual service, equipment, or for field work activity

135 product attribute

A quality or distinctive feature of a product that is defined by the CSR during

configuration. A mobile telephony product may define product attributes for the
MSISDN and IMSI.

136 product charge

A charge of a particular charge type generated by a product.

137 proratable tariff

A price plan wherein the charge for a product may be rated in proportion to a part
period at the start or end of supply.

138 quarantine

A period after deactivation during which a logical item, such as a telephone number,
cannot be assigned to a different holder. When a quarantine has been applied to an
item, the item is not available for assignment until the quarantine expires.
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139 rate plan

A plan that defines all the rules and parameters that enable the Rating Engine to
determine a price for a single event; for example, a telephone call, pay-per-view
event, or home shopping selection.

140 rating

The method of determining the cost for individual events.

141 rating time discount

A discount that is applied to an event at rating time, changing the cost of the event
as written to the database. A rating discount is an example of a rating time discount.

142 real-time rating

The process of receiving and rating events individually or in small groups, rather
than in large batches. Real-time rating minimizes delays between an event's
creation and rating.

143 receivable class

This class is used to categorize a bill into bill receivables and to assign a payment
priority to each bill receivable.

144 refund

The monies paid back to the customer, either automatically (for example, directly
into their bank account via BACS) or interactively (for example, by sending them a
check). Refunds are treated as negative physical payments.

145 reissued bill

A bill reissued at the recipient's request to replace an original that may have been
misplaced or gone astray in the post.

146 rejected event

Any event that cannot be rated. For example, this could be because the event
source cannot be found or the event record is corrupt.

147 rerating

The action of recalculating the price of events at billing time, typically to reduce them
in response to event discounts.

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148 revenue assurance

A check that no rated events are being lost, that is, that the number and total value
of events entered for an account are equal to the number and total value of rated
events that are billed for that account.

149 roamer event

An event produced by the customer of a foreign PMN when roaming on an Infinys

operator's network.

150 roaming

A mobile telephone term indicating that a customer has made a call, which is
serviced by a network operator other than their home network operator. This occurs
when the customer is traveling in an area that is not serviced by their home network
operator.

151 sales agent

The personnel at a communication service provider who is primarily concerned with

driving initial sales to new customers.

152 service provider

The provider of a service.

153 settlement

A payment made between partners as a result of processing and reconciling

transactions in accordance with a partner agreement and its revenue sharing terms.

154 settlement period

The period for which settlement amounts between the Infinys operator and a
merchant are reported on and settled for with regard to a group of services or
products.

155 shopping

The process of viewing available offers and selecting one or more offers with the
intent to purchase.

156 SIM

A removable module that is inserted into a mobile terminal (GSM handset or fax).
The card contains all subscriber-related data, such as access numbers, service
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details, and memory for storing messages. Abbreviation: SIM.

157 SLA

Service Level Agreement.

158 SMS
'short messaging service' or 'service management system'.

159
TADIG error code
An error code used within TAP file transfer, as defined by the Transferred Account
Data Interchange Group. Error codes are detailed in TD.57.

160 TAP File Export

TAP3 system process that creates TAP3 files for export.

161 TAP File Import

TAP3 system process that imports TAP3 files from a PMN.

162 trunk line

A long distance line that directly links two telephone exchanges.

163 unbillable
An account is marked unbillable when billing of the account cannot be completed.

164
unit based rating
The method of rating events in which the duration of units and price per unit can be
specified and the event duration is always rounded up to the next unit boundary.

165 V-H rating

A rating method that determines the cost of an event by defining vertical (V) and
horizontal (H) coordinates to the source and destination locations and computing the
distance between them. Also known as X-Y rating, or the Cartesian coordinate
geographic model.

166 value added service

A communication facility for the transmission and provision of additional features.
For example, the ability to transmit stock market quotations on demand.
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Abbreviation: VAS.

167 vanity item

An item identifier that is considered more desirable than others. A vanity is an
optional element that is associated only with configurations that support ranges for
logical inventory.

168 vanity mask

The numeric pattern or exact value of each format element in an identifier.

169
vendor
The supplier of a particular product or service.

170 visited PMN

A public mobile network used by a customer while they are roaming. Abbreviation:
VPMN

171 voice over Internet protocol

The routing of voice conversations over the Internet or any other IP network. The
voice data flows over a general-purpose packet-switched network, instead of the
traditional dedicated, circuit-switched voice transmission lines. Abbreviated: VoIP.

172 volume product discount

A particular discount that allows customer loyalty to be rewarded by providing

discounts based on the number of events or product charges that a certain product
generates.

173
wireless
A telephone service that uses electromagnetic waves to carry a signal, rather than
sending it via cable or wires. Wireless handsets are sometimes known as cellphones
or mobile phones.

174 wireline
A conventional telephone service that allows voice, video, and data transmissions
via a network of wires. Also known as landline or fixed-line.

175 write off

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The disregarding of a small amount of receivables. For example, this may occur if
the currency conversion of a payment made in a currency other than the account
currency returns a number slightly smaller than the invoice.

176 zero activity account

An account for which, during a bill period, no product charges (for example, periodic
charges) are in force, no usage (that is, no events) have been attributed, no discount
has been attributed, and no adjustments apply.

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