‘ FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRIC C\RCUITS Subsofibe on yartulue, 2 Fo 1 dectin (2) = -1.602 xt 0 Gengjwerdmath 1 Coulomb (0) = ~ 624 x10'* electtong Andve- eB] aki, oe IE ese Apa (A) = 4 ub (S ay y= |; we energy (SD a — ryolt W)= 4 ae (2) Nolta p= BM | we fl path, p= pum (w) 4 wot Owy= 1 Dales CE) PASSIVE SIGN COD yy | ——> a pur = absorbed = ayy — pwer — supplied =? “aE OHMS LAW caren, CB) “open Grats Snort Granth T= SX] 7 Venotoge 0) nD “eo R R= vedstaree (2)pe J Le pr resistivity (Q-m) lengin ci) A = cross-sectional area Cm?) Subserilbe 09 youtube, 2F6 @enguyerdvnath 2 _ ie 2 G= wnduckanee P=vT= NA =Pe= = V6 ; Coro /sxernens R G 6: Ve node node, 2 fade. 3 brady \oeanch ELECTRICAL brave QO branch eo bard — NETWORK) Lp wp? ode b= no. of brandy, b- Lt n-1 L= rv. of loops Po n= ho. OF Modes GERIES RESISTORS: eM ee + Nw - ANY AN Mr Rye RitRat wt Ry ay" AS | fire Le tacts Ty Ve 2 Nt Vo bot Ny NYT Vy = ++ Rit Ratt Ry"PRARILEL RESISDRS subserilee-09 youtube Rb Genginerdmnatn — oo R =] —_t ACE Jl fl fly pT tease yet = RR — ry SR, Zr, SR MeeVee Ve T= T+ Ltt dy 4 Ty -{ 1 — * re ee Q, = g Ra Gustan Robert y Kirdnnof WY = 0} @ 4 lwp + Voltage, when the canvent writers he paitive paovity (woltage rep’) be 4 BE = plage when Se ouvrent vurbols the veyatnie pparly vi ia @y Lrottage vise) Ws Ys SNo= 0 Ni tNLAV3- Vy t V5 =OSubsorilbe- on yputuloe Rf Gengnerdmnatn Ohm’s Law. Subsorloe on yastuloe, Rb u ZI=0| @ o node bi Jf” ov Y = - v ZLenterny Zing bg , @ a node, \s umn caents entering 0 node, or = 0 8 rele A ZT entenry - SI earny equal s Phe Sut of wurrenks Sate leaving Ye Same node - ere 9 int iy Figs bat bs bolaitl thy ts =O HAE oy, Xo WES DELTA p,-RoRe 6 [Rgz BRE RE RR Rat Rut Re Ry g_ —RaRe Rye Rihot BRE RR Rat Ry tRe R, = RoR. = RR Rt BR Re Ra Re Re ie: Subsofilpe, 0) youtube Rf NODAL ANALNSIS- Geryinerdinatn example: R - Supermode, Short the supernnde AN oF irs and opply KCL. \@ i Rs OT, Solution: Bled @ supernode Na= i y Na_ 4 Ns_ + Y=0 Ry Ra Qa Nyy KVL © supernote loop 2N=0 Na-V,- N= 9 _, pen the super nes and ony KVL, 2Q. 1 1To Q 1319 GQ \ov; Solution: Subset on youtube, > IN =0 © sagermnesy @enginerdmath aT rel. + (4t@l, -31,=0 ZI-O0 @ vodeeg A1-0 @ tole b o =1.~T, Sr) = I-Ie Z=0 © mechs (442)1,-@Is + lo =0 Carats wih purely independent curnent source, ( wfo wndeperdent or dependent ~wltage sure, o¢ dependent convent souyee) y Ra NY ANN TO 28 &3 Oh8 Subsorilde, 0) yrtubee RE b DESH ANALYSIS Cergrarinal Corants with purely emdepondent independent voltae sowtes, (w/o Independent / dependent caret source. of dependent voltage. sowce,) wy Ry 4 V® G en G) Ov. R Rs ANN \NMr Medn Equations « | (R184) -Q oll | - Rat (Rett RSI LL] [Pe SUPERPOSTION THEOREM 1) Twn off all indeperdhent Durtes except one swe at a time. Keep the dependent sowces. ON a) Repeat. step | Fy cade of the dlber independent sour. 3) Find the {ulal contyiputions by add ing Algeooicaly all he wntributions due to*he dependent soutes. Ee sources ove va ideal, ctye tne tne Ot cources by Heir yrternal vesistances .4 Subpsorilie-0n, yputuloe, Koo “SOURCE TRANGFERDTON, yin _ Ns Ns = Ls® or Ts R 3 aq, Get the open Natio ounss the frmiral o-b On) | Rr Gek Pry eress orb oy trnty oH indepen Nn Re dent sowngs. If there ie a depengett sorte, pa ardrrary Notte] cuvtent sowvte domes = dermnals O-W0 with desired Nalye say \y=IN Rm then sore toe ciruatt for Ly then Ry = Ye Ne | ti cove of ror Beal snuites , dnarge then ° me into Hoete vnbernal reastanies lem furned offSR b an Subsorilbe- on yputule, hfs Genginerdinath Almost the same as Thevenin's Theorem, out inctead Of Firdiry the, open ~oltaqe avis Jermnds a-b 7 Fmd tye sort crcult euvent : Findny Ro Bc aviord Tp = N In Lowr . Ret Ry Tats Hove} ob Then fillow He oer eps fr Pers ~ Morimum pour is transferred +o the load Wen the load recistarce WW} | yy Bn Be equals Hoe Thevenn veastance os seen fromthe load CRL= Ree) Ruz Rr NG ARH ¥ nor ideal op= asp No No = ANat ACL) Va=Vo-Vii ubsorite-on ypubube, 2. FOR IDEAL DP-AMPS * Genginerdmath 1) has wine loop gain , Aw © 2) has nfintte Input resistance » Ry & 00 3) has tem output resistance, R, * 0 ‘AN Yep li Lo Neo BEN R Pe Yo Y Vy = (v+ Sy, Re > Ne No = VYSubserilbe, 00, yortube, Rf - Sant PaglPior @enginerdmnatin ig Nt Ni * Vo o ayy ie oh — g WoW on (BN + Bey, wR) peal . Vo [Nb = Ay Qa) 2 Yo Ry = RS Ry \, - Ro af Ve® (44 Ra | Rota iz R \y Lil’ Nye (12 Re RI subserive-0n youtube, Rf Genginerdmnath EA , ’ - _ o dy distane bofn olates C d 7G ye a C VY ‘1 Farad UF) = Yy [se fite dieledn Area _ w] pet miffN ae > We Ne . dk Widhoel Nes Ff) ede + Veto) Faraday co tle? \, le Per Mele © at doy = We 9% = 9G pk copacitor is open aveut > DC 2) The Voltage on a capacatur must be continuous . 4 dis communis Change tn voltage requnes an infinite, current whicds is py cally tmpossole wh ideal Capacity V5 lenkage resistance & [DD M9. nol Copacitov N\\ Kage stance van nec 1 ct\h Cy ne T subsotite 09 yputube, BF Genginerdmath — 1 Cy ot Erte, Qr= Qi= Qin Nee Ny Natit Na Te? T= LF IN Qr2 ON Cy Cyt Gta ton Qy* QrtQ,t wt Qn Nr Nye A= a 7 Tye Lit Tatwt Ty Oy = CN; l= Nad dL L= inductance, () ‘Henny UA)= 4 ~~is Subsofilte on youtube, Bf we ate Gengnerdmath ot Joseph ice a edt +L tts) ome ) An wits 4 a thea shot civout +> DC 2) The carent through an crductor aan wat change ener ; A dis continuons Gharye ww cartent Ahebugn He nduchor yequtes nik. Yoltoge ~whidn is rot prystally posible. ' sha hen idea educa L RC a winding capacatarce i) tats tthe | bre Lat latet by Ny = NA Nat it NW Tye De T,s oe onsubserile,o9 youtube, R16 \ Genginerdmat PARALLEL INDUCTORS 4 ™ ba “xe yt, VI, fds La le IN Orv 3, lL, BL | Np= N= Tye Tat Lib yt In © R PT Nye [F viwat + Ue) o—W-= n RON ‘ + Ny Yo aN = -Ro Ate be 7R atSubserilbe, 01, yputuloe, fb A @engnerdmnatn ~ Souvee Free RC Growits _ i No= Ve bs) Vp Jui, Nett) Nee 7 > rte spn oy. BR F=RC |= hwe corstant i “os 36.8% vf No when t=T VU) After GD, He Nolbage 1s at steady state, VA) 4 1% of No ower dissrpaiter shor: p fone m_ exch “fg Ve th pods Vigz Woe PLé)= Ne S74 | cobsctite-on ype 2.9 8 R Genginerdmatn . tt _ by ~2b [ip Watt) = SF pat = J ME gh a —2t = 2Ne stp |t Lore) 2k 7 ° Note: ae $—> 00, We lo) + CNe we 1s the came as WoW) (dissipated vn the ssh) IN|3 Subsorive, 09 yprtue, Bf @enginerdmath REY TD WORRING WITH SOURCE FREE RC CHRCH ITS 1) Find the inibal ~oltoge Vit) =, aunss he capacitur 2) Find tre thmne, uonstant «D ; For R= get the Thevenin vesistarve, uns capacitne formals, - SOUROE FREE RL CIRCUITS, Tq: TG) _ -*h is Lee > | raha pine + + 4G = 7 (i L ZR Se - — tne wnstant . — =F Vat) = UR TRE ° a -2t, Pt) = Vel = T Re bs Dw > $l u-e**) Nolet gg boo» Waloe) —» <* REY TD WORKING WITH SDURCE PREE RL ORCHIDS: 1) Find the inial cutrent Us) =1, Hovoug Whe \nduckor 2) Find Yee thmme, eonstant TP 5 For R= get the Thevenin vesistarte, uns, induct term nals,\4 subpsorloe, 00 youtube, fb -SINGOLARITY FONCTIONS Genginerdmath “umt slep function 0 ,t tre constant Ve Lt ,t>0 3) Find the hme constant, FT, R= Rr coms barmminals of Copacibet NW)= V4) + Cuy—- wore F2 subpsoflte, 00 yartuloe, Aft STEP RESPONSE OF RL CIRCUITS, Gerginerdnatn t=0 . wrductoy!'S ANY v Ly L_le) ~ wmbial cuvvent k@ ® * L = cy Ni 3 mf - —> hme constant L salt . ive »t0 ws (r-E)e” Te find the step ceaponge of any RL Circuits D Find Ye nikial wducht oument ) 06) , td 2) Find the final induct oment ico) ,t30 3) Find the hme constant, 2, R= Rp avs formals of induchot UW) = Wyo) + Lbite) - Lees a NW aoe Ty UB) Wat y- Oo ] \y7 Ve)20 Subsorilve on youtuloe, ffs ZN=0 @ Ae loop Gendinerdinath Net Vit Ve = 0 — ® Rit Ld + + fi ta=0 — © Difterembatnng: Re + _ a -0 —-@® , Bde aL ete = x (p e L dt ‘We ved the initial conattions ( lo) = To and x, xp Fom eq ® Ri) + Ls) £ Nel) =O AW) | \,=O Rat L Oe dit), _ I. (rbt WLP © “dt L The solution of DE tekes the Brin le Ae* >©) Subsfuhiy this @) s+ Rg + 1-0 —®Subsorlbe,on yartulve, Rts Sebving i Ss Gengnerdmath _R RV S= “art & ) “Le KR _ gy 4 S OL (hr “Te or if We let Spe — + d*- w0* S, = TOU = nfk*— Wo™ 1 oe os unere: of Bard 00 | VLC Aasneing foot resonant i anda raped Froqueny DAMPING — gradual loss of shied -onergy due +> resistarce. keother fxm of O is S++ Ws +t Or = 0 — © critical equahors Sit - St l= Age 1,2 Ae 2 [t)= ba t Ue S2t ins bet he A, ard A, ae deterwnned using CUS) and am24 lpsorilbe, on) yputuloe, We om infer thee types of sslutions: — "Geancla ) if h > W. Goverdampedscases) ~the yoots vf the aitical equation ate. veal and weg 7 Sit Sat iw: Meo + Ae tt) a. = + 2) iH A= Wo iC ~+he soots are real and equa iW= (Ast Atye (W Ts. 4 one Hi A ti a we ongtaytl D VF AK< we, (underdanped case > S< -h + paar) = K+ JOM S,2 -A~ nF tr-a*) = 0h — Wa where: Je NAT and Wa? Nudes a SAmping frequen) . ~(a— Jw ih): Ae (A Seay A Ca +)wat ) Wat 5 = et (he, Ae)aS Subsofilte, 09 youtuloe, to Fom Euler's eit : Genginerdmath ~je . eo = ash + ysind e = asd —y sind ibe) = 2 Tay Consmat Heincoat) + A, Cossuut ~ysmoat) eo IG, +A,) coswat + jar As) swat] Li) = (8B, coswat + B, swat) Note: The rosponee, bad a Hine onstant wo aind a. goriod = © f T= 3 b | + fu le t + To ond Ve \) RSy gu cp Ul) ) = S'L=0d @ ode V ie t Lt i, =O 0Lo Subsoribe on ypatube, Bf Vey pt DN ay —s gy Semginerdinatn wT ol vate CG © Ditterentahng av wv au =O— age TTY OG oO dv, 1, Ly=d0/—-¢@ qe * RO dt * To © obtaming chara ctonatic equalhon Sa Res tPA \V= ew Sa* b= g=ne “ ae a z= Three posible Cases: ‘) Duerdamped cage Co > ws) oa V)= pec + Ae 2) Casi Wey = (Av MEEuF Subsorilte on ypurtuloe, Bf 3) “Under damped case Col 4 We) Gengnordmath Syr= —A ¥ j WS Was Vo? a WUE) = © ** (Ag cos yt + 4, 1nadat ) The wnebants Aq ard by ore deterred trom mitial Value. Vw) and ae ) To find ai , fom 4: ) WO Lie t ¢ AD =o R Ne. + cdlW =D z t |b coe iQ, VIARe ] © ak RCE STEP RESPONSE OF A SERIBS RLC CIRCUIT t=0 yw RO + \‘\@ ™~ cay Aeayg KYL © SI Voz DO oworrd lowe Ne iNy + N = Ns2% Subserile 09 youtube Ro : : Q@ d\ — Y= No a engmnerdmath Ie , RM Ls # ck ra The sclution totes te form: Ve) = Ve CE) + Nboo(t) \ \ teansent L v Sleady-state, veapense respon Vek) isthe same as He transient reponse, Sir gue Fee Grants at Ww: Wes het Dve¥damge| -dt WW) = (ME Rte — artialy dompad ade Vel) * (An cos Wat + Asmat er = urderdarped ——\\\y Vow) = VO") =N8] yy, * There fue NV &)=N\e + Aes Mev = Dvetdamped Ve \yt (thew anti dong VW) = Net (Anns Wat + Apsnwybde o > arden damped29, subsorlve on youtube, Lhe Gengierdinath The Nalues of hy and Ay ote obtained frm wnitial word hors \W8) and yo STEP RESPONSE OF P PARALLEL RLC CIRCUITS: a wl pe |. Ete) eR 3L oY ppiying KeL ST =0 @ rode T rn f j de ervech= ts wut V7 Lge diy iide yl dit RC aR T LO OLS fhe compete solution ks Lue YF belt) L | trargent! Yea sede Yeaponse, ‘Yeoponce,30 Subsorive on youtube Bf @enginerdmath l _ le) 18 the same gs the Vangent reponse Sr sure ie cirants a= Aes hen # -At tw) = (ht Ate — dverdoinged| =~ uritically- domged -dt byt)? (Rats Wat + A,snwst)e —> wderdanped lest) = LW) = I DI, $8 fi Therefore ° L@)= Tot ets he — bweehapad Vw)> ks eave Uw) + Led (hys Wat + Aponudst eo — enderdanged =9 critically. damped"FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRIC CIRCUITS sen pes AC CIRCUITS = Genginerdmath 4 Nikola Vit)= Yuan ot Tesla me where’ Nin * the onpitde, & the snusid 6 = orglat Frajuensy (vad) T. a Pad, w= anf oot = Ye axgament gnuseid (104) Y | eh Te period (5) fe Fequoney (He) | Mote gpneral expression fr sinuanide: g Heinride i= Vnsnust, Rudor? \ Herta VY) leads Ny by b Nok: Mf b=0 y lags No by ob then \), & \, ate 1m gage. ay ot wire 2 = gla, aie- ssabsoribe on youtube. Sign Gmventon: Gengunerdinatin Clockwise divectiot) 6% wb ~wswt + cost “ ©) argle tonwty Counter dock Wve divertor D eae Ww angle ‘cos wt 8) ts(wt- 0°) = sinwt a 4 sin, CPN , ~anurt Dd sm (wt fiw) = ~sinwt 1? tguntey Clockwise teint hdd: Aaswt + Bsmt " \Solution: sn ~ cos’ Meoswt 1 petiny® rr teen facut + Bat =|Ccos (wt - 6 ) Fernwt sin where, ts Jare® Bs | BO p= br) Sange Problews 2° Add Seoswt ~4ainwt, mot Saosivt —4sinwl - © wstwt +6) Solution: —Asinwt fro wwhere CaNBEFGp = = 4. ~smort st oct B= tan! a B37 Seat =| Does (wt + 53.1") tsinwt33 Supsonilve, vn youtube, 1.0 Phasors Genginerdmath ~ complex rumbers that reprecent the amplihde and pase ot q sinusvid. v £2 can be writen rectangular Charles firm as: - . Ftoteus ome swnere = 7 Steinmet2 ce A polar Foren YF), exponential Bem nn x= rsd g = tape! Y= Psi op Q= x+y = rZo =1 Cash + yen) tenn let BEF IY = 40, 2 at phe Lb. ert 22= (%A%) tity) | Subtraction: Binder (Xr %) FO Muligicabion: bre, * ret, ZO+b.,34 subseribe-0n youtuloe, Rts Genginerdinath [21 = a /0-0.. From Euleris For mula: © Eid = ws £) and ws = Re Ce") = cal sind 7 Ton Ce) — waar Siena siweoid: VUE) = Vin wos (wot > VWE)= Re Wmett® VU) = Re Nem e.g ww) Reel”) VeVno” ~ VmLip u phacor repre cont atin f vik) where :ao Subsorilbe ™ youtube, fo @enginerdmath VUE) = Nin cos (wt +o) => N= Nn Ze ik v : Hime domain prose dome re aa. NO GAL) de 3 Swat <=> 5a v D i L me dorian pear doa tune domaw) Braset domo) Re - current is prose wth 0. ae i vei y-IR ‘tage, time ~dornatn prwor_ doman 2) elnduanr ? —i , st Tn 5 0 % : ' ‘ v shy aL ae 0 0 Neo ltage, leads current ° dv le : by 0° weg Vuell y ein hater domave V = gh Tn Z P40"subsoriee-00 ypurtulee 2 fs 5 stapes Genjinordiath — 4 —+E 5 t : I vy \ -——— ¥V Aly 5 5 . b= od T=jwoy ure cols te y at . L = w0Vn /+90® fie —dtvnain peor domain Resistor 2-R Ye 4 = \ ‘Inductor 2 ae Nes jax Copaater 2° we Y= ywc Impedance 2 (2) “iia = R= resistance 2=R md x X= reackmoe. f2.R +X — reduchive or Lagging, sttee- cuyrent \ags vellage, Mf 2=R ~j\A > capoatnve or \eodng since. cuvrent leads elle, 2-=\2\|Zb/- pear Peri x [R= 121058] » PX-l2|sm8 p= tr (4z)| [2-NeHeT owhere T = R+jX Rryx Rox @enginerdmath C = conductance, B= swceptance et, REL RH Rae B--—= ~ shi applies in AE Grants Zz Series Impedance +N - + Ve + Na = a 2s (. + Bq = BABA mt By ee = Nye NY ok Vig T-T=U707In Va Zr BZrmtZq NyCurrent Divider Rale ; I 24 Geo cg Et a tu 20, ty 2 2r* Pp gt 2 b 5 ‘Ny =N, =\= =n T,- it Lita tn 2. \ 5 re NitXed wt Yn Yr Y Hl Lese—_ " _. Yay, bo Vo - Deltas to-Wye and “Wye-to~ Della Trensfimatins Be = Oo ys 4 =: he subsetibe on youtube £6 ' @engynerdmath n BWR [ps 7% 2 Wy-te-Dely “ ‘Delta to- Wye. Za Biss eer 2. Bebe \ Dat DAS Bp= Bet WBt1B%b 2,- tebe a = Dat Det Be By = BeBat HB Beh 3.- —2a2, Za . Bar Qt ZeSubsonite on youtube, Afb 39 Hives. Yoltage- Law CKVL?) @enginerdmath Gustav ZY =o| @ a loop 4 Rivers + voltage when the owrent Kirdahost ental the positive parity : Lroltaye drop’) Ye Nee ~ ~oltaye shen Me. varrent + - ures te ngine play VO 1 Oy Coolie, s/) ot" Ns SNo= 0 Nyt Na tNs- Vy +NeE=0 I. ZI1=0| @ o note: : A s or Y Larter ~ Za Drcowny i yy @ o node, Ta cut of catrenty entering O ode — oe ot A equal s he Sum of wuvrents —_ teey @ wode A fearing Pre sawe node Lt], thy-ltls I-11, tIy-Ts =a subset be-00 yputlie, 2b ODAC: ANAINEIG Besa Short the super node eo) and opply KCL VO zy Q a Solubion: DI=0 © swpernote: NaN, Ne SA TY=0 24 2a des Nola kL super node loup ZN=0 No-N,- N= 0 _ Ppen the super mech and oppy KYL.| : Subserilve, 09 yortulse, $8 IVN=0 @ supawmnes\y @engunerdmath BT, + 2.3, +2,42)1,~ %ly =? ST=0 @ rode a ST <0 @ wude b Glo = Tn- Ty 3t.- L.-T SN =0 © mesh4 @, + Es)Ly ~ ZaT, + jo20° =O Cirautts wr paely independent cament epuvce, ( w/o independent or dependent ~pltage suite, ov dependent current sauce) You 14 L® [lz al) OL Node Equations: ta) -Subsefilbe on youtube, RO MES S\g @enginerdmath Giants with pacly dependent independent pltaye sourtes (w/o Independent deponkent caren source of dependent volbage, sowie ) St {+ Se as Wo @ [a @ ox cy 2s Mesh Equations « [(2,t2+25) -2, | |_| | - 2a + (a,tates)) LD) D Twn off all indepenchent ures creep ove sowee at a time . Keep the dependent sowces. DN a) Repeat step | fi ead ot the other independent Sours. 3) Find Ye tetol contrinations by add ing alyelvoicaly all the wrtributions due to the mdepondert soures. The soumces ave vat ideal, cage the tuned of purces by Rey yrternal vecistances .Subsorilbe on youtube Rte Gengnordinath , Leon 21 []2x dent swans. Tf there is 0 depend sure Charles yp vhenenin 9 Get tne open \ottage, ounse the ferminal a-b Ory) Cek 2a, ours o-bd {oy army of \Woepen- pat arirvary Notte | cuvient sovice ounes. Jermnals 0-0 with desired Nalye say \h=\V then sone the cirunt tor Ty itonerye \n cae of rors deal sues | drarge then ° nto Yreir wnbernal reastanies when turned offOy 2n |] Subsorilbe, 01, vypatulbe, fo @enginerdmnatn Almost He same as Theyenin's Theorem, but rcteod Of Fivding Yhe- open voltage aus 2. fame aH 7 Find He ort crank ouent evo ob Then Allow the offer ders tr £ ; Find Ry. eal Ta = H Ty Lowry But hy Norton ple) vue) TLE) pit) = Vwas (uit +y)+ Im tos( wt +9; ) pry= VeTm cos (wt Oy) tos (wt + 8x) Ayagng coshiosB = 2p [ wo lh-#) + os (A+B) | ple) = $ Vode Os (By-Bi) + 4 Wed os ( 2wt +80+0)) ~ average of the instantanenus our Over one perindl.subserilbe on youtulie, fo @enginerdmath P= am ws( 8-8) he’s say we Wve UK), V=Nq LB) ond iW), T= 102d, & VIF = £ nd, Fn 181) ae NaI, LOB = 3 edn [os (B-B:) + ys (-B.)] eLVI*] = SNaln 05( 8-01) zig ah rwhen B= By , the ~oltage A carent ate in ghase, /eudly vesisthe, vets P: byeln= PTeR S\Tl a when By ~ 8, = $90° a purely cache Grants = y Wein cps (40°) = © ple) neat of fie, dependent Fart Y cemstant part SNmnkmcosl B+-9;)Subsorilbe on youtube 0 Genginerdinath “the had Imnpe love ase ie mt to Me. complex oxy ugpe of the, Thevenn \ mpedante De Aus Rut y ML = Rew —) Ay = Lon B Rw For purely resistive load, We. =o Re N Rat Oat = NV Rutt tat = (nl A= 7 Ky Riz Nl Ra Gat)” _EFFECHYE or RMS Value. —+the DC oatreont that delivers the same axetage Nalue to a veastor iw) as He periodic current Tog ? —” VW) © 2p Veg 2 . P= Teg R — DC erage = Power Pet frat eR Cytybow Ne Power = J at > Mvernge, Subserilee, 00 youtuloe, Rf Equating Poe = Pre: Genginerdmath ley R = Ay, Vat Tats [Efe FNS We Ney = Efrat Lang Naue For sinusoids: Leme® + ce costwrat I Tene? qo Vines Nz P= 4 Ynlo cos (By-Bi) 6. Nea .Tm_ eps (By-9; 2 hi) is P= ems Tins 0051042: ) P= TR = Yo R4s subsetilte, 01) yrtuloe, fo Sample Problem 3 Genginordinath Fird the RINE Nalue of He canent wave fran belo: Solution. GE, OLt <2 w= vaeke Beas = +] Sicayat4 J ciojat| =]9-(b5A P= NensTrms cos By-8:) = 8 ws (Oy 8x) S= VweLene] > parents Rouer CVA) Power Fachr (Pf) ~ ws (By-Bi) Fe Po crvonge peat OM) 2 cos (Oy Be ) S — agpnent ower (VA) hoe: ower Poche angle is equal 10 4he ane Load impedance,4 Subsorilbe- on yputulne, Ro z- a = Nuns / Dy Be Genginerdmath S$ fm if By BLO then PAA 5 Se Rvemge Power ; Cpurelyresistive dew) Hf By- 8 = 90 pier PF.20 Avera, poueir is zero (rely reachve caveat) D2 B- 8. < 940° othe D2 RRL or ~ 40°24 By 8.40 Leading Power Factor + cuwont leads lage, @padtre) Lago, gover Fach: uaweent (ag ~vlkage- C ynductve) S = VonaTy LOr Bi S = Nene Line 0S (Or B7) + |) Veling stt1(Bv- 8) N Oe 2 Neos /BrOe Zins Se Tear 2 = None Von Tory 2* 2 RHX 7 P= \fmsTems 005 (v-82) Qy= Verdin; sto (B-80) fale OY Fhe ed CR)1) Subsofilve, 09 ysutuloe, Rb f Q=-0 » PR=1, fir vesistive loads Bergirendmath if A Re CS) = © 0610, 6;) Reach, pouol A= Ins) > San (By-a) Power fad = - Ws (8-8) 8 12] sg Sven JO D oJ P i R Pouor Hang s Reve lagny ef (impedance, Marale, f carey = leadvy ptsubsorlbe on youtube Po @enginerdrnath ° —t, LT tr. inductive 3 load < + TWN i ° Ty = T- Te Q Q, Qy= Ptand, Ja | ‘ Qa= Phnbs GQ, = Q.- Qc Qy = P (tanB,- tan0,.) c= Gee « Plime toot.) 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