TEACHING GUIDE

Module 10: MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY AND MEASURES OF VARIABILITY

Content Standard:
The learner demonstrates understanding of the key concepts of the different measures of tendency, variability of a given data,
fundamental principles of counting and simple probability.

Performance Standard:
The learner computes and applies accurately the descriptive measures in statistics to data analysis and interpretation in
solving problems related to research, business, education, technology, science, economics, and others.

SUBJECT: LEARNING COMPETENCIES

Grade 8 KNOWLEDGE:
Mathematics • Describe and illustrate the mean, median and mode of ungrouped and grouped data
QUARTER: • Describe a set of data using measures of central tendency and measures of variability
Fourth Quarter • Discuss the meaning of variability
STRAND: SKILL:
Statistics and • Find the mean, median, and mode of statistical data
Probability • Calculate the different measures of variability of a given set of data: range, average deviation, variance,
TOPIC: and standard deviation
Statistics
ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL QUESTION(S)
LESSON:
UNDERSTANDING: How are the concepts of descriptive
Measures of
Knowledge of measures of central tendency and measures of measures in statistics (measures of
Central Tendency
variability can be applied to data analysis and interpretation. central tendency, measures of variability)
and measures of
used in data analysis and interpretation?
variability
TRANSFER GOAL:
Students will, on their own, apply data analysis and interpretation in fields such as research, business,
education, science, technology, economics, etc, to make meaningful and informed decisions.

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Learning Competencies:

The learner:
1. finds the mean, median and mode of statistical data
2. describes and illustrates the mean, median and mode of ungrouped and grouped data.
3. discusses the meaning of variability.
4. calculates the different measures of variability of a given set of data: (a) range; (b) average deviation; (c) variance; (d)
standard deviation.
5. describes a set of data using measures of central tendency and measures of variability.

A. Planning for Assessment

1. Product/Performance

The following are products and performances that the learners are expected to come up with in this module.

a. Measures of central tendency and measures of variability drawn from real-life situation.
b. Role-playing real-life situations where descriptive statistics are applied.
c. Real-life problems involving the different measures of central tendency and measures of variability.
d. Design a plan that would demonstrate students’ understanding of descriptive statistics.

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 2. Assessment Matrix (Summative Test)

Levels of Assessment What will I assess? How will I assess? How Will I Score?
Competencies Paper and Pencil A point per correct answer
• describes and illustrates
the mean, median and
mode of ungrouped and
Knowledge 15%
grouped data.
• discusses the meaning
of variability.

• finds the mean, median Problem Solving A point per step in the
and mode of statistical problem solving process or
data through the use of rubrics
• calculates the different
Process/Skills 25% measures of variability
of a given set of data:
(a) range; (b) average
deviation; (c) variance;
(d) standard deviation.
• describes a set of data Problem Solving Through the use of rubrics
using measures of
Understanding 30%
central tendency and
measures of variability.
Product 30% GRASPS Activity Through the use of rubrics

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Planning for Teaching – Learning

INTRODUCTION AND FOCUS QUESTIONS

Have you ever wondered why a certain size of a pair shoes or a brand of shirt is made more available than the other sizes?
Have you asked yourself why a certain basketball player gets more playing time than the rest of his teammates?
Have you thought of comparing your academic performance with your classmates'? Have you wondered what score you
need for each subject area to qualify for honors? Have you, at a certain time, asked yourself how norms and standards are
made?

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 In this module you will find out the measures of central tendency and measures of variability. Remember to search for the
answer to the following question(s):

• How can I make use of the representations and descriptions of a given set of data?
• What is the best way to measure a given set of data?

In this module, you will examine these questions when you study the following lessons.

LESSONS AND COVERAGE

Lesson 1: Measures of Central Tendency of Ungrouped Data

Lesson 2: Measures of Variability of Ungrouped Data
Lesson 3: Measures of Central Tendency of Grouped Data
Lesson 4: Measures of Variability of Grouped Data

In these lessons, you will learn to:

Lesson Objectives:
1 • Find the mean, median, and mode of ungrouped data.
• Describe and illustrate the mean, median, and mode of ungrouped data.
• Discuss the meaning of variability.
• Calculate the different measures of variability of a given ungrouped data: range, standard deviation, and
2
variance.
• Describe and interpret data using measures of central tendency and measures of variability.
• Find the mean, median, and mode of grouped data.
3
• Describe and illustrate the mean, median, and mode of grouped data.
• Discuss the meaning of variability.
4 • Calculate the different measures of variability of a given grouped data: range, standard deviation, and variance.
• Describe and interpret data using measures of central tendency and measures of variability.

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 Module Map
Module Map
Here is a simple map of the lessons that will be covered in this module.

Descriptive Statistics

Ungrouped Data Grouped Data

Measures of Measures of Measures of Measures of

Central Tendency Variability Central Tendency Variability

To do well in this module, you will need to remember and do the following:

1. Study each part of the module carefully.

2. Take note of all the formulas given in each lesson.
3. Have your own scientific calculator. Make sure you are familiar with the keys and functions in your calculator.

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 Check students’ prior knowledge, skills, and understanding of mathematics concepts related to Measures of Central Tendency
and Measures of Variability. Assessing these will facilitate teaching and students’ understanding of the lessons in this module.

PRE - ASSESSMENT

Find out how much you already know about this topic. On a separate sheet, write only the letter of the choice that you think
best answers the question.

1. Which measure of central tendency is generally used in determining the size of the most saleable shoes in a department
store?
a. mean c. mode
b. median d. range
Answer: C

2. The most reliable measure of variability is _______________ .

a. range c. average deviation
b. variance d. standard deviation
Answer: D

3. For the set of data consisting of 8, 8, 9, 10, 10, which statement is true?
a. mean = mode c. mean = median
b. median = mode d. mean < median
Answer: C

4. Which measure of central tendency is greatly affected by extreme scores?

a. mean c. mode
b. median d. none of the three
Answer: A

5. Margie has grades 86, 68 and 79 in her first three tests in Algebra. What grade must she obtain on the fourth test to get an
average of 78?
a. 76 c. 78
b. 77 d. 79
Answer: D

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6. What is the median age of a group of employees whose ages are 36, 38, 18, 10 16 and 15 years?
a. 10 c. 16
b. 15 d. 17
Answer: D

7. Nine people gave contributions in pesos 100, 200, 100, 300, 300, 200, 200, 150, 100, and 100 for a door prize. What is the
median contribution?
a. Php 100 c. Php 175
b. Php 150 d. Php 200
Answer: C

8. If the heights in centimetres of a group of students are 180, 180, 173, 170, and 167, what is the mean height of these
students?
a. 170 c. 174
b. 173 d. 180
Answer: C

9. If the range of a set of scores is 14 and the lowest score is 7, what is the highest score?
a. 21 c. 14
b. 24 d. 7
Answer: B

10. What is the standard deviation of the scores 5, 4, 3, 6 and 2?

a. 2 b. 2.5 c. 3 d. 3.5
Answer: A

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11. What is the average height of the two teams in inches?

6 4 7 12 16
11
6

Feet and
inches 6' 6'1" 6'4" 6'4" 6'6" 5'7" 6' 6'4" 6'4" 7'
inches 72 73 76 76 78 67 72 76 76 84

a. 76 b. 78 c. 72 d. 75

If you were to join any of these two teams, which team would you choose? Why?
Answer: D

12. Electra Company measures each cable wire as it comes off the product line. The lengths in centimeters of the first batch of
ten cable wires were: 10, 15, 14, 11, 13, 10, 10, 11, 12 and 13. Find the standard deviation of these lengths.
a. 1.7 b. 1.8 c. 11.9 d. 10.9
Answer: A

13. What is the variance in item 12?

a. 3.4 b. 3.3 c. 3.24 d. 2.89
Answer: D

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For Items 14 – 15.

A video shop owner wants to find out the performance sales of his two branch stores for the last five months. The table shows
their monthly sales in thousands of pesos.
Branch A 20 18 18 19 17
Branch B 17 15 25 17 18

14. What are the average sales of the two stores?

a. 18 c. 19
b. 18.4 d. 19.5
Answer: B

15. Which store is consistently performing? Why?

Answer: BRANCH A

For items 16 – 20 refer to the data below. Choose the letter that corresponds to the best answer:
Class Frequency
46 – 50 1
41 – 45 2
36 – 40 3
31 – 35 10
26 – 30 6
21 – 25 9
16 – 20 5
11 – 15 6
6 – 10 4
1–5 2

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16. What is the class size?
a. 4 c. 5
b. 3 d. 6
Answer: C

17. What is the value of the median score?

a. 24.10 c. 24.15
b. 24.29 d. 24.39
Answer: D

18. What is the range of the given set of data?

a. 50 c. 49.5
b. 50.5 d. 99.5
Answer: A

19. What is the variance?

a. 119.59 b. 119.49 c. 119.40 d. 119.50
Answer: C

20. What is the standard deviation?

a. 10.90 b. 10.91 c. 10.92 d. 10.93
Answer: D

LEARNING GOALS AND TARGETS

After this lesson, you are expected to:

a. demonstrate understanding of the key concepts of the different measures of tendency and measures of variability of a given
data.

b. compute and apply accurately the descriptive measures in statistics to data analysis and interpretation in solving problems
related to research, business, education, technology, science, economics and others fields.
In Activity 1, let the students answer the given questions based on the given Measures of Central
data.
Lesson 1 Tendency of
Answer Key
Ungrouped Data
Activity 1
1. What to
What to Know
Know
a. Php 61
b. Php 740 Let us begin with exploratory activities that will introduce you to the basic
concepts of measures of central tendency and how these concepts are applied in real
life.

Teacher’s Note and Reminders Activity1 contains familiar exercises provided to you in your Grade 7 modules

A ctivity 1 WHAT’S THE STORY BEHIND?

1. Daria bought T-shirts from a department store. She paid an average of Php74 per
shirt. Part of the torn receipt is shown below.

a. How much did she pay for each white shirt?

b. How much did she pay in all? Why?

Don’t 2. The bar chart shows the number of magazines borrowed from the library last week.
Forget!

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