Comparison of platform virtualization software

Platform virtualization software, specifically emulators and hypervisors, are software packages that emulate the whole physical computer machine, often
providing multiple virtual machines on one physical platform. The table below compares basic information about platform virtualization hypervisors.

Contents
General
Features
Image type compatibility
Other features
Restrictions
See also
Notes
References

General
 Name Creator Host CPU Guest CPU Host OS Guest OS License
FreeBSD, FreeNAS, pfSense,
FreeBSD,
bhyve FreeBSD x86-64 x86, x86-64 OpenBSD, Linux, Windows, BSD
Illumos
Illumos[1]
Windows, Linux,
FreeBSD,
Unix/X11,
Kevin J. Windows, Linux, DOS, BSD,
Bochs Any x86, x86-64 Mac OS 9, LGPL
Lawton OS/2, Haiku
macOS, BeOS,
MorphOS,
OS/2[2][3]
x86, x86-64, Solaris 10,
SPARC Solaris 11,
Containers, or Sun Solaris (8, 9, 10, 11), illumos,
(portable: not Same as host OpenSolaris CDDL
Zones Microsystems Linux (BrandZ)
tied to 2009.06, illumos
hardware) distributions
Cooperative Dan Aloni,
Windows 2000, GPL
Linux other x86 Same as host Linux
XP, 2003, Vista version 2
(coLinux) developers
VMS, OpenVMS, Tru64 UNIX,
CHARON Stromasys x86, x86-64 PDP-11, VAX, Alpha, HP3000, Sparc Windows, Linux MPE/iX, RSX-11, RT11, RSTS, Proprietary
Solaris, SunOS
University of
Denali x86 x86 Denali Ilwaco, NetBSD Not distributed
Washington
Linux, Windows,
classic Mac OS,
macOS, BeOS,
FreeBSD,
Peter
NetBSD, Internally emulated DOS shell;
Veenstra,
DOSBox Any x86 OpenBSD, classic PC booter games, GPL
Sjoerd with
Solaris, QNX, unofficially Windows 1.0 to 98
community
IRIX, MorphOS,
AmigaOS,
Maemo,
Symbian
Community GPL
DOSEMU x86, x86-64 x86 Linux DOS
project version 2
Any running
Poul-Henning same as host (shared *BSD
FreeBSD or FreeBSD,
FreeBSD Jail Kamp / Same as host kernel), plus Linux ABI through BSD
DragonFly DragonFly BSD
FreeBSD compat layer
BSD
GNOME
GNOME Unix-like Unix-like LGPLv2
Boxes
Anders NetBSD, OpenBSD, Linux,
GXemul Any ARM, MIPS, Motorola 88000, PowerPC, SuperH Unix-like BSD
Gavare Ultrix, Sprite
Windows, Linux on IBM Z, z/OS, z/VM,
FreeBSD, z/VSE, OS/360, DOS/360,
Hercules Roger Bowler Any z/Architecture QPL
NetBSD, Linux, DOS/VS, MVS, VM/370,
macOS TSS/370
Windows Server Supported drivers for Windows
x86-64 with 2008 (R2) 2000, Windows 2003, Windows
Hyper-V
Microsoft Intel VT-x or x86-64, x86 (up to 8 physical CPUs) w/Hyper-V role, 2008, Windows XP, Windows Proprietary
(2008)
AMD-V Microsoft Hyper- Vista, FreeBSD, Linux (SUSE
V Server 10 released, more announced)
Windows 8, 8.1,
Proprietary.
x86-64 with 10, and Windows
Supported drivers for Windows Component
Hyper-V Intel VT-x or Server 2012 (R2)
Microsoft x86-64, (up to 64 physical CPUs), ARMv8 NT, FreeBSD, Linux (SUSE 10, of various
(2012) AMD-V, w/Hyper-V role,
RHEL 6, CentOS 6) Windows
ARMv8[4] Microsoft Hyper-
editions.
V Server
iCore Virtual iCore
x86 x86 Windows XP Windows XP Proprietary
Accounts Software
INTEGRITY native, Linux,
Green Hills ARM, x86,
INTEGRITY Same as host Linux, Windows Android, AUTOSAR, Windows Proprietary
Software PowerPC
(on some platforms)
Integrity
Hewlett- HP-UX, Windows, Linux
Virtual IA-64 IA-64 HP-UX Proprietary
Packard (OpenVMS announced)
Machines
Any running
JPC (Virtual Oxford the Java Java Virtual GPL
x86 DOS, Linux, Windows up to 3.0
Machine) University Virtual Machine version 2
Machine
x86, x86-64,
IA-64, with
x86
Qumranet, virtualization, Linux, FreeBSD, FreeBSD, Linux, Solaris, GPL
KVM Same as host
now Red Hat s390, illumos Windows, Plan 9 version 2
PowerPC,[5]
ARM [6]
Linux-VServer Community x86, x86-64, Compatible Linux Linux variants GPL
project IA-64, Alpha, version 2
PowerPC 64,
PA-RISC 64,
SPARC64,
 ARM, S/390,
SH/66, MIPS
LynxSecure LynuxWorks x86 x86 No host OS LynxOS, Linux, Windows Proprietary
x86, x86-64,
Community
IA-64,
project, GPL
LXC PowerPC 64, Same as host Linux Linux variants
Canonical version 2
SPARC64,
Ltd.
Itanium, ARM
Open Kernel
Labs,
OKL4 acquired by ARM, x86, ARM (v5, v6, v7, v8; paravirtualization), ARMv7VE Various OSes and RTOSes
No Host OS Proprietary
Microvisor General MIPS (hardware virtualization) including Linux, Android, QNX
Dynamics
Corporation
Community
x86, x86-64,
project, same as host (shared Linux
IA-64,
OpenVZ supported by Same as host Linux kernel), choice of userland GPL
PowerPC 64,
SWsoft, now distribution
SPARC64
Parallels, Inc.
GPLv2,
Microsoft Windows, Oracle Oracle VM
Oracle VM Oracle
x86, x86-64 x86, x86-64 No host OS Linux, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Server;
Server for x86 Corporation
Solaris Manager is
proprietary
Depends on target machine, for
example includes MIPS Malta
OR1K, MIPS32, ARC600/700, ARM; and public API Proprietary,
Microsoft that runs Linux or SMP-Linux;
OVPsim OVP x86 which enables users to write custom processor Apache 2.0
Windows, Linux and includes public API which
models, RISC, CISC, DSP, VLIW all possible for models
enables users to write custom
peripheral and system models
Parallels DOS, Windows, Linux, macOS,
Desktop for Parallels, Inc. x86 x86, x86-64 macOS FreeBSD, OS/2, eComStation, Proprietary
Mac Solaris, Haiku
Parallels
Windows, Linux, FreeBSD,
Workstation
Parallels, Inc. x86 x86 Windows, Linux OS/2, eComStation, DOS, Proprietary
(discontinued
Solaris, Haiku
2013)
Windows, Linux,
Sebastian x86, x86-64,
PearPC PowerPC OS X, FreeBSD, Mac OS X, Darwin, Linux GPL
Biallas PowerPC
NetBSD
PowerPC,
No host OS, PikeOS native, Linux, POSIX,
x86, ARM,
Linux or AUTOSAR, Android, RTEMS,
PikeOS SYSGO AG MIPS, Same as host Proprietary
Windows as dev. OSEK, ARINC 653 APEX,
SPARC,
hosts ITRON
SuperH
Windows, Linux, Linux variants,
Solaris, FreeBSD, OSx86 (as
Proxmox VE Proxmox x86-64 x86, x86-64 Debian Based FreeBSD), virtual appliances, AGPLv3
Netware, OS/2, SCO, BeOS,
Haiku, Darwin
UltraSPARC
T1,
Oracle VM UltraSPARC
Server for Oracle T2, Solaris 10, Oracle support: Solaris;
Compatible Proprietary
SPARC Corporation UltraSPARC Solaris 11 unsupported: Linux, FreeBSD
(LDoms) T2+, SPARC
T3, SPARC
T4
POWER4,
POWER5,
PowerVM
PowerVM IBM POWER6, POWER4/5/6/7/8, x86 (PowerVM-Lx86) Linux PowerPC, x86; AIX, IBM i Proprietary
Firmware
POWER7,
POWER8
x86, x86-64,
Windows, Linux,
IA-64,
Fabrice x86, x86-64, Alpha, ARM, CRIS, LM32, M68k, macOS, Solaris,
PowerPC,
QEMU Bellard, other MicroBlaze, MIPS, OpenRisc32, PowerPC, S/390, FreeBSD, Changes regularly[7] GPL/LGPL
SPARC
developers SH4, SPARC 32/64, Unicore32, Xtensa OpenBSD,
32/64, ARM,
BeOS
S/390, MIPS
QEMU w/ Linux, FreeBSD,
Fabrice
kqemu
Bellard
x86, x86-64 Same as host OpenBSD, Changes regularly[7] GPL/LGPL
module Solaris, Windows
QEMU w/
Linux, NetBSD,
qvm86 Paul Brook x86 x86 Changes regularly GPL
Windows
module
x86, x86-64,
Transitive Linux, OS X,
QuickTransit IA-64, MIPS, PowerPC, SPARC, x86 Linux, OS X, Irix, Solaris Proprietary
Corp. Solaris
POWER
Real-Time Windows, Linux, Windows
RTS
Systems x86, x86-64 x86, x86-64 No host OS Embedded, QNX, RTOS-32, Proprietary
Hypervisor
GmbH VxWorks, OS-9, T-Kernel
ScaleMP
vSMP ScaleMP x86, x86-64 Same as host No host OS Linux Proprietary
Foundation
SIMH Bob Supnik, Alpha, ARM, Data General Nova, Eclipse; Digital Equipment BSD, Linux, Depends on target machine, BSD-like,
 The HPPA, x86, Corporation PDP-1, PDP-4, PDP-7, PDP-8, PDP-9, Solaris, VMS, includes NetBSD/VAX, unique
Computer IA-64, x86- PDP-10, PDP-11, PDP-15, VAX; GRI Corporation Windows OpenBSD/VAX, VAX/VMS, Unix
History 64, M68K, GRI-909; IBM 1401, 1620, 1130, 7090/7094, v6, Unix v7, TOPS-10, TOPS-
Simulation MIPS, System/3; Interdata (Perkin-Elmer) 16b/32b systems; 20, ITS
Project MIPSel, Hewlett-Packard 2114, 2115, 2116, 2100, 21MX;
POWER, Honeywell H316/H516; MITS Altair 8800 with 8080
s390, SPARC and Z80; Royal McBee LGP-30, LGP-21; Scientific
Data Systems SDS 940
Depends on target machine,
8051, 68000, ARM (v4, v5, v6, v7), MIPS32, MIPS64, typically runs unmodified
Cavium cnMIPS, Broadcom XLR MIPS, Freescale software stacks from the
(e300, e500, e600, e5500, e6500), IBM (POWER, Windows 32-bit corresponding real target,
Simics Wind River x86, x86-64 PPC44x, PPC46x, 47x), SPARC v8 (LEON), SPARC and 64-bit, Linux including VxWorks, VxWorks Proprietary
v9 (UltraSparc), x86 (from 80286 to Sandy Bridge), 32-bit and 64-bit 653, OSE, QNX, Linux, Solaris,
x86-64 (from Pentium4 to Sandy Bridge), TI Windows, FreeBSD, RTEMS,
TMS320C64xx, Renesas H8, Renesas SH TinyOS, Wind River Hypervisor,
VMware ESX, and others
Sun xVM Sun x86-64, Windows XP, 2003 Server (x86- GPL
Same as host No host OS
Server Microsystems SPARC 64 only), Linux, Solaris version 3
Serenity
Windows, OS/2,
SVISTA 2004 Systems x86 x86 Windows, Linux, OS/2, BSD Proprietary
Linux
International
TRANGO
Virtual
ARM, No host OS,
Processors,
XScale, Linux or Linux, eCos, µC/OS-II,
TRANGO Grenoble, Paravirtualized ARM, MIPS, PowerPC Proprietary
MIPS, Windows as dev. WindowsCE, Nucleus, VxWorks
France (htt
PowerPC hosts
p://www.trang
o-vp.com)
Jeff Dike,
User Mode x86, x86-64, GPL
other Same as host Linux Linux
Linux PowerPC version 2
developers

DOS, Linux, macOS,[8]

GPL
FreeBSD, Haiku, OS/2, Solaris,
version 2;
Innotek, Windows, Linux, Syllable, Windows, and
full version
acquired by x86, x86-64 (with Intel VT-x or AMD-V, and VirtualBox macOS, Solaris, OpenBSD (with Intel VT-x or
VirtualBox x86, x86-64 with extra
Oracle 2 or later) FreeBSD, AMD-V, due to otherwise
enterprise
Corporation eComStation tolerated incompatibilities in the
features is
emulated memory
proprietary:
management).[9]

Virtual Iron Proprietary,

x86 VT-x,
Virtual Iron Software, some
x86-64 AMD- x86, x86-64 No host OS Windows, Linux
3.1 Inc., acquired components
V
by Oracle GPLv2[10]
Windows Vista
(Business,
Virtual PC DOS, Windows, OS/2, Linux
Connectix Enterprise,
2007 x86, x86-64 x86 (SUSE, Xubuntu), OpenSolaris Proprietary
and Microsoft Ultimate), XP
(discontinued) (Belenix)
Pro, XP Tablet
PC Edition
Windows x86, x86-64 Windows XP, Windows Vista,
Connectix
Virtual PC with Intel VT- x86 Windows 7 Windows 7, Windows Server Proprietary
and Microsoft
(discontinued) x or AMD-V 2003, Windows Server 2008
Virtual PC 7 Connectix
PowerPC x86 Mac OS X Windows, OS/2, Linux Proprietary
for Mac and Microsoft
ARM, TI DSP Linux, Windows XP, C5,
VirtualLogix
VirtualLogix C6000, x86, Same as host No host OS VxWorks, Nucleus, DSP/BIOS, Proprietary
VLX
PowerPC proprietary
Windows Server
Virtual Server Connectix Windows NT, 2000, 2003, 2008,
x86, x86-64 x86, x86-64 2003, 2008, XP Proprietary
2005 R2 and Microsoft Linux (Red Hat, SUSE, Ubuntu)
(Requires IIS)
Synopsys Depends on guest CPU;
Devices including (multi) cores from ARM, MIPS,
(CoWare) x86, x86-64, Windows, Linux, includes: Linux (various flavors),
CoWare PowerPC, Toshiba MeP, Renesas SH, Texas Proprietary
Virtual SPARC v9 Solaris µITRON (various flavors),
Instruments, Tensilica, ZSP
Platform Windows CE, Symbian, more
SWsoft, now
Virtuozzo Inc x86, IA-64, save as host (shared Linux
Virtuozzo same as host Linux Proprietary
(https://virtuo x86-64 kernel)
zzo.com/)
Matthew
Dillon / any compatible vkernel binary of
vkernel x86-64 same as host DragonFly BSD BSD
DragonFly DragonFly
BSD
VMM OpenBSD x86, x86-64 same as host OpenBSD OpenBSD and Linux guests BSD
Windows, Linux, Solaris,
FreeBSD, OSx86 (as FreeBSD),
VMware ESX virtual appliances, Netware,
VMware x86, x86-64 x86, x86-64 No host OS Proprietary
Server OS/2, SCO, BeOS, Haiku,
Darwin, others: runs arbitrary
OS[a]
VMware ESXi VMware x86, x86-64 x86, x86-64 No host OS Same as VMware ESX Server Proprietary
VMware
VMware x86, x86-64 x86, x86-64 macOS Same as VMware ESX Server Proprietary
Fusion
VMware VMware x86, x86-64 x86, x86-64 Windows, Linux Same as VMware ESX Server Proprietary
 Server
VMware
VMware x86-64[b] x86, x86-64 Windows, Linux Same as VMware ESX Server Proprietary
Workstation
Proprietary,
VMware
free for
Player, later
personal
VMware VMware x86-64[c] x86, x86-64 Windows, Linux Same as VMware ESX Server
non-
Workstation
commercial
Player
use[11][12]
Linux, VxWorks, unmodified
x86, x86-64, guests (including MS Windows
Wind River
Wind River PowerPC, Same as host No host OS and RTOSes such ach OSE, Proprietary
Hypervisor
ARM QNX and others), bare metal
virtual board
GNU/Linux, FreeBSD, MiniOS,
x86, x86-64,
NetBSD, Solaris, Windows
Xensource, ARM, IA-64
GNU/Linux, 7/XP/Vista/Server 2008 GNU
Xen Now Citrix (inactive), Same as host
Unix-like (requires Intel VT-x (Vanderpool) GPLv2 +
Systems PowerPC
or AMD-V (Pacifica)-capable
(inactive)
CPU), Plan 9
x86, x86-64,
GNU/Linux, FreeBSD, MiniOS,
ARM, IA-64 GNU
By Vates NetBSD, Solaris, Windows,
XCP-ng (inactive), Same as host No host OS
SAS Windows Server 2008 (with Intel GPLv2 +[13]
PowerPC
VT-x or AMD-V), Plan 9
(inactive)
x86, x86-64,
GNU/Linux, FreeBSD, MiniOS,
ARM, IA-64
By Citrix NetBSD, Solaris, Windows GNU
XenServer (inactive), Same as host No host OS
Systems 7/XP/Vista/Server 2008 (with GPLv2 +
PowerPC
Intel VT-x or AMD-V), Plan 9
(inactive)
Proprietary,
SPARC v8 GPL
GPOS: Linux, RTOS: LithOS,
XtratuM fentISS LEON2/3/4, Same as host No host OS version 2
RTEMS
ARM v7 depending
on versions
No host OS,
itself (single or
multiple
Linux on IBM Z, z/OS, z/VSE,
levels/versions
z/Architecture, z/VM does not run on predecessor z/TPF, z/VM, VM/CMS,
z/VM IBM z/Architecture deep; e.g., Proprietary
mainframes MUSIC/SP, OpenSolaris for
VM/ESA running
System z, predecessors
in z/VM 4.4 in
z/VM 5.2 in z/VM
5.1.)
Integrated in
Linux on IBM Z, z/OS, z/VSE,
firmware of
z LPARs IBM z/Architecture z/Architecture z/TPF, z/VM, MUSIC/SP, and Proprietary
System z
predecessors
mainframes
Name Creator Host CPU Guest CPU Host OS(s) Guest OS(s) License

Features
 Supported Commercial
Guest OS SMP Runs arbitrary Method of
Name guest OS Typical use Speed relative to host OS support
available OS operation
drivers available
Server consolidation with
Yes, over 500- Operating
Containers, Uses native workload isolation, single
way on current No system-level Near native Yes
or Zones device drivers workload containment,
systems virtualization
hosting, dev/test/prod
Server consolidation,
Hyper-V
Yes, up to 4 service continuity, dev/test,
Server 2008 Yes Yes Virtualization Up to near native[3] Yes
VCPUs per VM desktop virtualization, cloud
R2
computing
Operating
OpenVZ Yes No Compatible system-level Virtualized server isolation Up to near native[4] Yes
virtualization
Virtualized server isolation,
server/desktop
AMD-V and Intel-
KVM Yes[14] Yes Yes
VT-x
consolidation, software Up to near native[5] Yes[15]
development, cloud
computing, other purposes
Virtualized server isolation
Operating
Linux- and security, server
Yes No Compatible system-level Up to near native[6] Yes
VServer consolidation, cloud
virtualization
computing
Oracle VM Paravirtualization Server consolidation and
Server for Yes Yes Yes and hardware security, enterprise and Up to near native Yes
x86 virtualization business deployment
Oracle VM
Paravirtualization Server consolidation and
Server for Yes, but needs
Yes Yes and hardware security, enterprise and Up to near native Yes
SPARC porting[16] virtualization business deployment
(LDoms)
Software development
(early, embedded),
Full system
advanced debug for single Depends on target architecture Yes, with
simulation with
and multicore software, (full and slow hardware commercial
OVPsim Yes Yes ? optional
compiler and other tool emulation for guests license from
component
virtualization
development, computer incompatible with host) Imperas[17]
architecture research,
hobbyist
Yes, but
modifications
Safety and security critical
PikeOS Yes required as Yes Paravirtualization Up to near native Yes
embedded systems.
paravirtualization
is used
ScaleMP Yes, up to 8,192
Server consolidation, Cloud
vSMP CPUs and 64 TB Yes Yes Virtualization ? Yes
computing
Foundation per VM
Software development, Depends on host machine and
advanced debug for single target architecture. Runs at near-
and multicore software, native speeds for x86-on-x86
Full system compiler and other tool using VT-x, cross-simulation of
simulation of development, computer other architectures can be faster
processors, architecture research, bug or slower than real-time
Simics Yes Yes Yes Yes
MMUs, devices, transportation, automated depending on how fast the target
disks, memories, testing, system architecture, is and how big the target is
networks, etc. long-term support of safety- (number of processors, number
critical systems, early of target machines, and how
hardware availability, virtual much the simulation can be
prototyping parallelized)
Paravirtualization
Sun xVM and porting or
Yes Yes Yes Servers, Development Up to near native Yes
Server hardware
virtualization
SVISTA Hobbyist, Developer,
No ? ? ? ? ?
2004 Business workstation
Paravirtualization
and porting or Mob. phone, STB, routers,
TRANGO Yes Yes[7] Yes Near native[8] ?
hardware etc.
virtualization

special guest Developer (as a separate Non-significantly slower than

User Mode
Linux
? No kernel+modules Porting machine for a server or with native [9] (all calls to kernel are ?
required X11 networking) proxied)
Yes, (either with
Paravirtualization,
para- Mobile, embedded, security,
OKL4 Hardware
Yes virtualization or Yes safety critical, networking, Near native Yes
Microvisor assisted
HW legacy OS, etc.
virtualization
virtualization)
Business workstation,
Yes (with
Oracle server consolidation, service
Yes Yes Yes Virtualization Up to near native commercial
VirtualBox continuity, developer,
license)
hobbyist
Virtual Iron Native Server consolidation,
Yes, up to 8 way Yes Yes ? Yes
3.1 virtualization service continuity, dev/test
Virtual PC No Yes Yes Virtualization, Hobbyist, Developer, Up to near native with virtual ?
2007 guest calls Business workstation machine additions
 trapping where
supported
Developer, Business
Windows Hardware workstation, support for Up to near native with virtual
Yes Yes Yes No
Virtual PC virtualization Compatibility with Windows machine additions
XP applications
dynamic
recompilation
Virtual PC 7 Hobbyist, Developer,
No Yes Yes (guest calls Slow ?
for Mac Business workstation
trapping where
supported)
Virtualization Up to near native with virtual
Virtual
(guest calls machine additions but slower
Server 2005 No Yes Yes Server, server farm ?
trapping where than with hypervisor due to
R2
supported) proxied calls
Full-system
Yes ( Same Early embedded software
virtualization Depending on the system
CoWare compiled development and integration
(Processor Core characteristics and the software
Virtual Yes Yes Software image (from driver to application), Yes
ISA + Hardware + itself, ranges from faster than
Platform as for the real Multi-core software
External real time to slow.
device) debugging and optimization
connections)
Operating Server consolidation,
Virtuozzo Yes No Compatible system-level service continuity, disaster Up to near native Yes
virtualization recovery, service providers
Server consolidation,
VMware service continuity, dev/test,
ESXi Server Yes, add-on, up to cloud computing, business
No Yes Virtualization Up to near native Yes
5.5 64 way critical applications,
(vSphere) Infrastructure as a Service
IaaS
VMware
Server consolidation,
ESX Server Yes, add-on, up to
Yes Yes Virtualization service continuity, dev/test, Up to near native Yes
4.0 8 way
cloud computing
(vSphere)
VMware
Yes, add-on, up to Server consolidation,
ESX Server Yes Yes Virtualization Up to near native Yes
4 way service continuity, dev/test
3.0
VMware
Yes, add-on, 2 Server consolidation,
ESX Server Yes Yes Virtualization Up to near native Yes
way service continuity, dev/test
2.5.3
VMware Hobbyist, Developer, Tester,
Yes Yes Yes Virtualization Up to near native Yes
Fusion Business workstation
VMware Server/desktop
Yes (2-way) Yes Yes Virtualization Up to near native Yes
Server consolidation, dev/test
Paravirtualization
VMware Technical professional,
Yes (2-way) Yes Yes (VMI) and Up to near native Yes
Workstation advanced dev/test, trainer
virtualization
Technical professional,
VMware advanced dev/test, trainer,
Yes[18] Yes Yes Virtualization Up to near native No
Player end user on prebuilt
machines
Virtualized server isolation,
server/desktop
consolidation, software
development, cloud
Paravirtualization
Yes, v4.0.0: up to computing, other purposes.
and porting or
Xen 128 VCPUs per Yes Yes
hardware
Xen powers most public Up to native[19] Yes
VM cloud services and many
virtualization
hosting services, such as
Amazon Web Services,
Rackspace Hosting and
Linode.
Virtualized server isolation,
server/desktop
Paravirtualization consolidation, software
and porting or development, cloud
XCP-ng Yes Yes Yes Up to native Yes
hardware computing, desktop
virtualization virtualization, public cloud
services, hostings services
and other purposes.
Virtualized server isolation,
server/desktop
consolidation, software
development, cloud
Paravirtualization
computing, other purposes.
and porting or
XenServer Yes Yes Yes
hardware
Xen powers most public Up to native[19] Yes
cloud services and many
virtualization
hosting services, such as
Amazon Web Services,
Rackspace Hosting and
Linode.
Embedded, safety critical,
XtratuM Yes No Yes Paravirtualization Near to native Yes
secure
z/VM Yes, both real and Yes Yes, but not Virtualization Servers Near native[10] Yes
virtual (guest required (among first
perceives more systems to
CPUs than
 installed), incl. provide hardware
dynamic CPU assists)
provisioning and
reassignment
Yes, both real and
virtual (guest
perceives more
CPUs than Microcode and Native: System z machines
Yes, but not
z LPARs installed), incl. Yes hardware Servers always run with at least one Yes
required
dynamic CPU hypervisor LPAR
provisioning and
reassignment; up
to 64 real cores
Supported Commercial
Guest OS SMP Runs arbitrary Method of
Name guest OS Typical use Speed relative to host OS support
available OS operation
drivers available

^ Providing any virtual environment usually requires some overhead of some type or another. Native usually means that the virtualization
technique does not do any CPU level virtualization (like Bochs), which executes code more slowly than when it is directly executed by a CPU.
Some other products such as VMWare and Virtual PC use similar approaches to Bochs and QEMU, however they use a number of advanced
techniques to shortcut most of the calls directly to the CPU (similar to the process that JIT compiler uses) to bring the speed to near native in
most cases. However, some products such as coLinux, Xen, z/VM (in real mode) do not suffer the cost of CPU-level slowdowns as the CPU-
level instructions are not proxied or executing against an emulated architecture since the guest OS or hardware is providing the environment for
the applications to run under. However access to many of the other resources on the system, such as devices and memory may be proxied or
emulated in order to broker those shared services out to all the guests, which may cause some slow downs as compared to running outside of
virtualization.
^ OS-level virtualization is described as "native" speed, however some groups have found overhead as high as 3% for some operations, but
generally figures come under 1%, so long as secondary effects do not appear.
^ See[20] for a paper comparing performance of paravirtualization approaches (e.g. Xen) with OS-level virtualization
^ Requires patches/recompiling.
^ Exceptional for lightweight, paravirtualized, single-user VM/CMS interactive shell: largest customers run several thousand users on even
single prior models. For multiprogramming OSes like Linux on IBM Z and z/OS that make heavy use of native supervisor state instructions,
performance will vary depending on nature of workload but is near native. Hundreds into the low thousands of Linux guests are possible on a
single machine for certain workloads.

Image type compatibility

 raw /
folders physical VHD VHDX
flat raw / flat hdd QCOW QCOW2 QED VDI VMDK
Name floppy ISO on disk / (Connectix (Hyper-
(whole (partition) (Parallels) (QEMU) (QEMU) (QEMU) (VirtualBox) (VMware)
host device Virtual PC) V)
disk)

Bochs[21] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes No v3, v4

Containers,
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
or Zones
Cooperative
Linux ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
(coLinux)
CHARON ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

Denali ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

DOSBox-
DOSBox Yes Yes Yes ? Yes ? No No No No No No No
X fork
DOSEMU ? ? Yes ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

FreeBSD
No No Yes No No No No No No No No No No No
Jail
GXemul ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

Hercules ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

Hyper-V
Yes Yes No Yes No No No No No No No Yes No No
(2008 R2)
Hyper-V
Yes Yes No Yes No No No No No No No Yes Yes No
(2012)
Hyper-V
Yes Yes No Yes No No No No No No No Yes Yes No
(2012 R2)
iCore Virtual
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Accounts
Integrity
Virtual ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Machines
JPC (Virtual
Yes Yes Yes ? Yes ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Machine)
Linux-
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
VServer
LynxSecure ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

LXC ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

OpenVZ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

Oracle VM
Server for ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
x86
Oracle VM
Server for
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
SPARC
(LDoms)
OVPsim ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

Parallels
Desktop for ? ? ? ? ? ? Yes ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Mac
Parallels
? ? ? ? ? ? Yes ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Workstation
PearPC No Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No
PikeOS ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

PowerVM ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

QEMU Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes read-only Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
QEMU w/
kqemu ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Yes No No ? ? ? ?
module
QEMU w/
qvm86 ? ? ? Yes Yes ? ? Yes Yes ? ? ? ? Yes
module
QuickTransit ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

ScaleMP
vSMP ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Foundation
SIMH ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

Simics ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

Sun xVM
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Server
SVISTA 2004 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

TRANGO ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

User Mode ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
 Linux
Can
read
existing
disks,
VirtualBox Yes Yes No Yes[22] Yes[22] Yes[22] up to v2 Yes read-only Yes Yes Yes Yes
but not
create
new
disks.
Virtual Iron
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
3.1
Virtual PC
Yes Yes ? ? ? ? No No No No No Yes No No
2007
Windows
Yes Yes ? ? ? ? No No No No No Yes Yes No
Virtual PC
Virtual PC 7
Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No Yes No No
for Mac
VirtualLogix
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
VLX
Virtual
Server 2005 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
R2
Synopsys
(CoWare)
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Virtual
Platform
Virtuozzo ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

VMware ESX
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Yes ? ?
Server
VMware
Yes Yes No Yes No No No No No No No No No Yes
ESXi
VMware
? Yes ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Yes
Fusion
VMware
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Yes
Server
VMware
Yes Yes ? Yes ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Yes
Workstation
VMware
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Yes
Player
Wind River
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Hypervisor
Wind River
VxWorks
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
MILS
Platform
Yes
Xen Yes Yes ? Yes [23] ? ? Yes [23] Yes [23] ? ? Yes [23] ? ?

XCP-ng ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

Yes
XenServer Yes Yes ? Yes [23] ? ? Yes [23] Yes [23] ? ? Yes [23] ? ?

XtratuM ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

z/VM ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

z LPARs ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

raw /
folders physical VHD VHDX
flat raw / flat hdd QCOW QCOW2 QED VDI VMDK
Name floppy ISO on disk / (Connectix (Hyper-
(whole (partition) (Parallels) (QEMU) (QEMU) (QEMU) (VirtualBox) (VMware)
host device Virtual PC) V)
disk)

Other features
 Can
boot an
Snapshot
OS on Live
USB 3D Snapshots of Live Shared Shared PCI
Name another GUI memory
support acceleration per VM running migration folders clipboard passthrough
disk allocation
system
partition
as guest
Yes (via
KVM Yes Yes Yes[24] Yes Yes Yes[25] Yes[26] Yes
AIGLX)
User Mode
Yes No No No No No Yes N/A
Linux
Containers,
Yes Yes Yes Yes Not needed Yes[27] Yes No Yes Not needed Not needed
or Zones
SVN builds Glide (SVN
DosBox No No No No Yes No No No No
only builds only)
Oracle
VirtualBox
(formerly
OSE, USB 1.1 Yes with Guest with Guest
Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No
GPLv2), with only branched[29] Additions[30] Additions[30]
Guest
Additions
(GPLv2)[28]
Oracle
VirtualBox
with Retired (Until
OpenGL 2.0
Extension Yes
Yes Yes Yes Yes and Direct3D Yes Yes Yes Yes 6.0[32]; Linux
Pack (PUEL) branched[29]
and Guest 8/9[31] only[33])
Additions
(GPLv2)[28]
Oracle VM
Server for
Yes USB 2.0 Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes
SPARC
(LDoms)
OKL4 Static
Yes Yes VMs only Yes Yes No
Microvisor assignment
Virtual Iron
Yes
4.2
Virtual PC
No No Yes No No No Yes Yes
2007
Windows
No partially Yes No No No Yes Yes
Virtual PC
VirtualPC 7
No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes
for Mac
Microsoft
Virtual
No Yes No No ? Yes No
Server 2005
R2
Partial
Microsoft support
DirectX 9.0c
Hyper-V over remote [12] (via Yes
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Server 2008 desktop branched
connections RemoteFX)
R2
[11]

Microsoft DirectX 9.0c

Hyper-V [13] (via Yes
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
Server 2012 branched
RemoteFX)
R2
Virtuozzo Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes
VMware ESX
Server 3.0 Yes No ? Yes Yes No
atp
VMware ESX
Yes No No
Server 2.5.3
VMware ESX
Server 4.0 -
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes[34]
6.x
(vSphere)
DirectX 9
VMware
Yes Yes Yes No Shader No No
Fusion 2.0
model 2
VMware
Yes Yes Yes Yes No 1 Yes No Yes Yes
Server
Experimental
support for
VMware DirectX 8;
Yes
Workstation Yes Yes Yes Yes also Yes No Yes Yes No
branched
5.5 supported
with
VMGL[35]
VMware Yes Yes Yes Yes Experimental Yes Yes No Yes Yes No
 Workstation support for branched
6.0 DirectX 8;
Also
supported
with
VMGL[35]
Support for
DirectX 9.0c
VMware
Shader Yes
Workstation Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No
Model 3 and branched
7.0 and 8.0
OpenGL
2.13D.[36]
supported
VMware
Yes Yes Yes Yes with No No No Yes No
Player
VMGL[35]
Wind River
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No
hypervisor
Wind River
VxWorks
Yes
MILS
Platform
Supported
Xen Yes Yes[37] Yes[24] Yes with ? Yes Yes Yes
VMGL[35]
XCP-ng Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Supported
XenServer Yes Yes[24] Yes with Yes Yes Yes Yes
VMGL[35]
Not Yes Not Yes Not Not
z/VM Yes Yes
applicable (zURM/HMC) applicable (2011) applicable applicable
Not Not Yes Not Not
z LPARs Yes Yes (HMC) Yes
applicable applicable (2007) applicable applicable
Can
boot an
Snapshot
OS on Live
3D Snapshots of Live Shared Shared PCI
Name another USB GUI memory
acceleration per VM running migration folders clipboard passthrough
disk allocation
system
partition
as guest

^ Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 and Windows 7 SP1 have limited support for redirecting the USB protocol over RDP using RemoteFX.[38]
^ Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 adds accelerated graphics support for certain editions of Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 and Windows 7 SP1
using RemoteFX.[39][40]

Restrictions
This table is meant to outline restrictions in the software dictated by licensing or capabilities.
 Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum
Maximum
Maximum host host disk number of number of amount of number of SCSI + Maximum disk size per
Name host
cores / CPUs volume guest VM logical CPU per memory per IDE disks per VM VM guest
memory
size running VM guest VM guest guest
No theoretical limit
32 TB
Containers, or (largest SPARC
(largest No limit 8191 No limit No limit No limit No limit
Zones has 384 physical
SPARC)
cores)
VMware Player 4 GB (32-bit);
No limit No limit No limit No limit 16 ? 8 TB
15.0[41] 64 GB (64-bit)

VMware
vSphere 2 TB minus
160 logical cores 1 TB 320 8 255 GB 4 IDE; 60 SCSI 2 TB minus 512 bytes
Hypervisor 512 bytes
(ESXi) 4.1[42]
VMware
vSphere ESXi 160 logical cores 2 TB 64 TB 512 32 1 TB 4 IDE; 60 SCSI 2 TB minus 512 bytes
5.0[43]
VMware
vSphere Depending
16 NUMA Nodes / 4 IDE; 60 SCSI;
Hypervisor 4 TB on 512 8 1 TB 62 TB
320 logical CPUs 120 SATA
(ESXi 5.5) filesystem
(free)[44]
VMware
Depending
vSphere 16 NUMA Nodes / 4 IDE; 60 SCSI;
4 TB on 512 64 1 TB 62 TB
Hypervisor 320 logical CPUs 120 SATA
filesystem
(ESXi 5.5)[45]
VMware
Depending 4 IDE; 256 SCSI;
vSphere 16 NUMA Nodes /
16 TB on 1024 256 6128 GB 120 SATA; 60 62 TB
Hypervisor 768 logical CPUs
filesystem NVMe
(ESXi 6.7)[46]
GUI: 2 TB

4 IDE; no limit for

VirtualBox No limit No limit No limit No limit[47] 32 No limit
SATA, SCSI, SAS
Command line: no
limit

Microsoft
64 cores / 8
Hyper-V Server 1 TB No limit 384 4 64 GB 4 IDE; 256 SCSI 2 TB
CPUs[49]
2008 R2[48]
Microsoft
320 cores / 64
Hyper-V Server 4 TB No limit 1024 64 1 TB 4 IDE; 256 SCSI 64 TB
CPUs[51]
2012[50]
Microsoft
512 cores / 320
Hyper-V Server 24 TB No limit 1024 240 12 TB 4 IDE; 256 SCSI 64 TB
CPUs
2016[52]
512 PV / 128 512GB PV /
Xen[53] 4095 CPUs 16TB No limit No limit ? ?
HVM 1TB HVM
512 PV / 128 512GB PV /
XCP-ng 4095 CPUs 16TB No limit No limit ? ?
HVM 1TB HVM
512 PV / 128 512GB PV /
Xen Server[53] 4095 CPUs 16TB No limit No limit ? ?
HVM 1TB HVM

Note: No limit means no enforced limit. For example, a VM with 1 TB of memory cannot fit in a host with only 8 GB memory and no memory swap disk, so it
will have a limit of 8 GB physically.

See also
List of computer system emulators
Comparison of application virtualization software
Comparison of OS emulation or virtualization apps on Android
Popek and Goldberg virtualization requirements
Virtual DOS machine
x86 virtualization

Notes
a. Can run a guest OS without modifying it, and hence is generally able to run any OS that could run on a physical machine the VM simulates.
b. Older versions of VMware Workstation support x86.
c. Older versions of VMware Player/VMware Workstation Player support x86.

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