Electrical Properties

of Materials
Lecture 1(Chap 1)

Dr. Md. Kabiruzzaman

[email protected]
 In this lecture we will going to
discuss ….

➢ General overview and

➢ Necessity of studying this
course

From Principles of Electronic Materials and Devices, Third Edition, S.O. Kasap (© McGraw-Hill, 2005)
Course outline
• I. Course Core and Title
• EEE 4107: Electrical Properties of Materials
• II. Credit
• 3 credit hours (3 hours of theory per week)
• III. Nature
Textbooks:
• Core Course for EEE
• IV. Prerequisite [1] Principles of Electronic Materials and Devices (3rd Edition) -
--- S. O. Kasap
• PHY 2103: Modern Physics [2] Semiconductor Device Physics and Design
-----Umesh K. Mishra and Jasprit Singh
[3] Physics of Semiconductor Devices (3rd Edition)
-----Simon M. Sze Kwok K. Ng
Text-Book and syllabus
Mid-term Final-term
 Mid Final
Attendance Above 90% 10 10
Quiz 3 (best 2) 20 20
Assignment OBE/Non-OBE 30 30
Simulation based 40 40
Total 100 100

Simulation based Quiz: Last class of Every two weeks

MId Final
1 Paper + software written Comsol+Paper summary 20 Simulation summary 20
(Comsol) Max (3 pages) (IEEE format) max-4 pgs
presentation Comsol + Paper 20 simulation 20

❑ There will be 4 groups with 10 members in each group

❑ Written groupwise
❑ Presentation groupwise + individual (viva)
 Comsol +Paper summary
• Mid
https://www.comsol.com/comsol-multiphysics
• Comsol
• What is comsol
Maximum 1.5 pages
• What are the modules in it
• Explanation of the Heat transfer modules
• Paper
• What did the authors do? (Abstract+ Last paragraph of Introduction + conclusion)
• Why did they do? (Technological significance or any problem solved→ Introduction)
• How did they solve? (Experiment/Methodology+ Discussion)
Maximum • What the logic they described as solution of the problem? (Results/Results and Discussion)
1.5 pages
• What are the problems they faced? (Discussion/Conclusion)
• What can be done in the future? (Conclusion/future work)
• Please give some suggestions or your opinion, How this future work can be done? (Your
thinking)
DD: Written 10-08-2020
Presentation (10+12)-08-2020
Final term- IEEE format
Final term- IEEE format
Properties of materials

Mid term Properties

of
Materials

Mechanica
Electrical Thermal Electrical Dielectric Magnetic Optical
l
Properties properties Properties properties Properties properties
properties
➢ Classical
➢ Modern
➢ Newtons law
➢ Quantum physics
Superconductivity
➢ Structure of materials
➢ Crystalline form and
non-crystalline form
Final term
➢ Quantum mechanics
Syllabuses-Mid term
• Crystal Structures: Introduction to Crystals, Lattice, Basis, Bravais Lattices, FCC, and BCC
Crystals. Crystal Structures: Diamond and Zinc Blende Crystals, HCP, Wurtzite Structure,
Perovskite Materials, Organic Materials, 2D Materials. Crystal Directions and Planes,
Miller Indices and Planar Concentration. Crystalline Defects and their Significance,
Effects of Defects on Semiconductor devices
• Classical Theory of Electrical and Thermal Conduction: The Drude Model – Scattering,
Mobility and Conductivity. Temperature Dependence of Resistivity of Pure Metals.
Temperature Dependence of Conductivity. Matthiessen's Rule and Nordheim’s Rule, Hall
Effect and its applications for devices. Metal-metal contact potential. Seebeck Effect and
Thermocouple. Debye Heat Capacity. Skin Effect. Recombination and Minority Carrier
Injection. Diffusion and Conduction Equations. Random motion, Continuity and Poisson
equations.
• Elementary Quantum Mechanics: Light as Wave, Bragg’s Law. Elementary Quantum
Mechanics: Light as Wave, Bragg’s Law. Photoelectric Effect, Work Function, Black Body
Radiation and Compton Scattering, Schrödinger Equation and its significance. Potential
Step and Potential Barrier. Elementary Tunneling Phenomenon and Quantum Box. Bloch
Theorem, and Kronig-Penny Model.
Syllabuses-final term
• Band Theory of Solids: Molecular Orbital Theory of Bonding, Energy Band Formation. Carrier
Statistics: Maxwell Boltzmann. Fermi Dirac Distribution, Fermi Energy. Density of States in an
Energy Band. Electron Effective Mass Wave Nature of Electrons, Time Independent Schrödinger
Equation. Elementary Quantum Mechanics: One Dimensional quantum Problem- Infinite Potential
Well. Modern (Quantum) Theory of Metals: Determination of Fermi Energy and Average Energy –
Free Electron (Sommerfeld) Model. Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle. Fermi Energy and its
Significance. Semiconductor-metal contact. Ohmic and Schottky contacts.
• Dielectric Properties of Materials: Relative Permittivity, Dipole. Moment and Electronic
Polarization, Lorentz or Local Field and Clausius-Mossotti Equation, Polarization Mechanisms –
Ionic, Oriental (Dipolar), Interfacial and Total Polarization. Frequency Dependence – Dielectric
Constant and Dielectric Loss; Piezoelectricity, Applications of Piezoelectric materials.
• Magnetic Properties of Materials: Magnetic Moment, Magnetization and Relative Permeability.
Magnetic Material Classifications –Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism, Ferromagnetism,
Antiferromagnetism and Ferrimagnetism. Origin of Ferromagnetism. Magnetic Domains
Superconductivity: Zero Resistance and Meissner Effect, Type I and Type II Superconductors, and
Critical Current Density
Properties of materials

Mid term Properties

of
Materials

Mechanica
Electrical Thermal Electrical Dielectric Magnetic Optical
l
Properties properties Properties properties Properties properties
properties
➢ Classical
➢ Modern
➢ Newtons law
➢ Quantum physics
Superconductiv
ity
➢ Structure of materials
➢ Crystalline form and
non-crystalline form
Final term
➢ Quantum mechanics
 Why electrical properties of materials?
Carbon and ceramic materials Semiconductor materials

I Diode made of Si

V
Made of carbon and ceramic
V-I, Shows linear relationship

https://uk.rs-online.com/web/p/through-hole-fixed-
resistors/7077647/ V-I, Shows exponential relationship

https://www.elprocus.com/rectifier-diode-working-applications/
Why thermal properties?

Solar water heater

Which material is perfect for maximum absorption

Titanium ?

http://www.thermomax.com/Absorber_Coating.php
Why mechanical properties?

How much they are elastic? Are they plastic or rubber?

https://www.craftechind.com/10-fun-things-you-never-knew- https://www.timcorubber.com/rubber-materials/
about-plastic-materials/
 Why dielectric properties?

➢ Ceramic capacitors

➢ Electrolyte capacitors

Dielectric materials
𝜖𝐴
𝑐=
𝑑
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor#Dielectric_materials
 Magnetic properties of materials-example

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformer
https://www.indiamart.com/proddetai
l/three-phase-electric-transformer-
https://circuitglobe.com/inductor.html 13093757997.html

Ferrite antenna for longwave,

medium wave, shortwave

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jjW0k3p5f24
Maglev train- worlds fastest train!!

Magnetic levitation and superconductivity

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aIwbrZ4knpg
 Why optical properties of materials?
LASAR for medical uses LED

https://health.clevelandclinic.org/can-laser-spine-surgery-fix- https://www.superbrightleds.com/moreinfo/through-hole/rgb-
your-back-pain/ fast-color-changing-led-2/1041/2504/
 Why modern theory and quantum physics?
classical theory of electrical properties

http://physics.bgsu.edu/~stoner/P202/resist/sld004.htm
Electron is particle
https://www.scienceabc.com/pure-sciences/what-explain-
photoelectric-effect-einstein-definition-exmaple-applications-
threshold-frequency.html
➢ Electron behaves like particle
➢ Follows Newton law
 Why modern theory and quantum physics?
Electron behaves as waves!!

Diffraction
Interference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffraction

http://physics.bu.edu/~duffy/py106/Interference.html

So, Modern physics and quantum

physics are necessary
summary
• Properties of materials
• Mid: main reason of different properties: structure of solids, Electrical and thermal
properties, elementary of quantum physics
• Final: Modern theory of solids, Dielectric properties of solids, magnetic properties of solids
• Others: optical properties of solids, mechanical properties of solids
• Examples:
• Electrical properties: although carbon resistors shows linear characteristics,
semiconductor shows exponential characteristics
• Thermal properties: which materials adsorb maximum solar energy are
investigated
• Dielectric properties: electrolyte capacitors, ceramic type capacitors shows
different capacitances due to their different dielectric constant
• Magnetic properties: materials having electric transformers to ferrite antennas
for signal communication.
Questions
?