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CH 3030 Applications of Mass Transfer: 7 August 2020

The document discusses mass transfer coefficients in various transport regimes and across fluid interfaces. It introduces the two-film, two-resistance theory for mass transfer across gas-liquid interfaces, where there are concentration boundary layers (films) in both the gas and liquid phases. The overall mass transfer is governed by the resistances in each film. If changing the liquid flow significantly impacts the overall coefficient but the gas flow does not, this suggests the dominant resistance is in the liquid film rather than the gas film.

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Ram Lakhan Meena
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102 views13 pages

CH 3030 Applications of Mass Transfer: 7 August 2020

The document discusses mass transfer coefficients in various transport regimes and across fluid interfaces. It introduces the two-film, two-resistance theory for mass transfer across gas-liquid interfaces, where there are concentration boundary layers (films) in both the gas and liquid phases. The overall mass transfer is governed by the resistances in each film. If changing the liquid flow significantly impacts the overall coefficient but the gas flow does not, this suggests the dominant resistance is in the liquid film rather than the gas film.

Uploaded by

Ram Lakhan Meena
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CH 3030

Applications of Mass Transfer

7 August 2020
1
Recap: mass transfer coefficients in molecular
diffusion regimes
General 𝑁𝐴
𝑁𝐴 𝑁𝐴 𝑐𝐷𝐴𝐵 (𝑁 + 𝑁𝐵 − 𝑥𝐴2)
𝑁𝐴 = 𝑙𝑛 𝐴
(𝑁𝐴 + 𝑁𝐵) Δ𝑧 𝑁
(𝑁𝐴 + 𝑁𝐵) (𝑁 +𝐴𝑁𝐵 − 𝑥𝐴1)
𝐴
Ratio determined from
𝑐𝐷𝐴𝐵
specifics of problem (not 𝐹=
necessarily as sum of Δ𝑧
individual fluxes)
Unimolecular diffusion 𝑐𝐷𝐴𝐵 (𝐶𝐴1 − 𝐶𝐴2)
𝑁𝐴 =
𝑁𝐴 = N, as 𝑁𝐵 = 0 Δ𝑧 𝐶𝐵(𝐿𝑀)
𝑐𝐷𝐴𝐵
𝑘𝐿 =
Δ𝑧𝐶𝐵(𝐿𝑀)
𝐹 = 𝑘𝐿𝐶𝐵(𝐿𝑀)
Equimolar counter diffusion 𝐷𝐴𝐵(𝐶𝐴1 − 𝐶𝐴2)
𝑁𝐴 =
𝑁𝐴 = −𝑁𝐵 Δ𝑧
𝐷𝐴𝐵
𝑘𝐿′ =
Δ𝑧
𝐹 = 𝑘𝐿′𝐶
2
Recap: Approach to determining mass transfer
coefficients in laminar flow
• Establish the velocity profile for the system by solving the Navier Stokes
Equations
• Use the velocity profile to solve for the concentration profile using the
species balance
• Solve for the flux using concentration driving force and the mass transfer
coefficient
• Reorganize different quantities into dimensionless groups to get
expressions for Sherwood number which contains the mass transfer
coefficient
Sherwood number =

3
Recap: Mass transfer coefficient in turbulent flow
• Mass transfer coefficient determined from empirical coefficients

Theories for mass transfer across fluid interfaces in turbulent flow


• Film theory
𝐷𝐴𝐵
𝑘𝑐 =
δ
• Penetration theory
𝐷𝐴𝐵 1/2
𝑘𝑐 = 2 ) where t is the contact time
π𝑡
• Surface renewal theory
𝑘𝑐 = 𝑠𝐷𝐴𝐵 1/2) where s is fractional rate of surface renewal

4
Two-film two-resistance theory for mass
transfer across a fluid-fluid interface

5
Two-film, two-resistance theory for mass transfer
across a gas-liquid interface
Gas-liquid interface: Gas dissolving in water
Interface → Equilibrium y
δG δL
yA P yi=f(xi)
Gas bulk Liquid bulk
yA yAi yAi Q
xAi
Gas film

xA
Liquid film

xA xAi x
Equilibrium at the gas-liquid interface and no interface resistance

Diffusion → dominant transport mechanism in both films

Two films in series → Two resistances in series


6
Two-film two-resistance theory for mass transfer
across a gas-liquid interface
Interface → Equilibrium y
yi=f(xi)
P
yA

Gas bulk Liquid bulk yAi Q


yA yAi xAi xA
Liquid film
Gas film

yA*

xA xAi x
Gas phase mass transfer flux
Liquid phase mass transfer flux
NA=

7
Two-film two-resistance theory: overall mass
transfer coefficients (gas reference)
y
yi=f(xi)
P
yA

yAi Q

yA* R

xA xAi x

Overall mass transfer coefficient (gas)


8
Overall mass transfer coefficients and controlling
resistances
1 1 𝑚1 yi=f(xi)
= +
𝐾𝑦 𝑘𝑦 𝑘𝑥 P
yA

yAi Q

yA* R

xA xAi x

9
Two-film two-resistance theory: overall mass
transfer coefficients (liquid reference)
y
yi=f(xi)
P
yA S
yAi

yA* R

xA xAi xA* x

Overall mass transfer coefficient (liquid)


10
Overall mass transfer coefficients and controlling
resistances
1 1 1 y
= + yi=f(xi)
𝐾𝑥 𝑘𝑥 𝑚2𝑘𝑦 P
yA S
yAi

yA* R

xA xAi xA* x

11
Overall mass transfer coefficients in low mass
transfer and dilute phases

1 1 𝑚 1 1 1
= + = +
𝐾𝑦 𝑘𝑦 𝑘𝑥 𝐾𝑥 𝑘𝑥 𝑚𝑘𝑦

1 1 𝐻𝐴 1 1 1
= + = +
𝐾𝐺 𝑘𝐺 𝑘𝑐 𝐾𝐿 𝑘𝑐 𝐻𝐴𝑘𝐺

12
Poll

A student performed a gas absorption into a liquid experiment and found


the mass transfer coefficient to vary significantly when the flow of the liquid
was changed. There was negligible change in the mass transfer coefficient
when the gas flow was changed. With this information, what can be said
about the dominant mass transfer resistance
OPTION A
Dominant resistance is in the liquid
OPTION B
Dominant resistance is in the gas

13

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