PHYSICS CRASH COURSE

BIOMENTORS CLASSES ONLINE (MUMBAI)

Alternating Current

Question Bucket 25/03/2019

1. When 100 volts dc is supplied across a solenoid, a current of 1.0 amperes flows in it. When
100 volts ac is applied across the same coil, the current drops to 0.5 ampere. If the
frequency of ac source is 50 Hz, then the impedance and inductance of the solenoid are
(a) 200  and 0.55 henry (b)100  and 0.86 henry
(c) 200  and 1.0 henry (d)100  and 0.93 henry

2. In an LR-circuit, the inductive reactance is equal to the resistance R of the circuit. An e.m.f.
E  E0 cos( t) applied to the circuit. The power consumed in the circuit is

E02 E02
(a) (b)
R 2R
E02 E02
(c) (d)
4R 8R

3. One 10 V, 60 W bulb is to be connected to 100 V line. The required induction coil has self
inductance of value ( f  50 Hz )
(a) 0.052 H (b) 2.42 H
(c) 16.2 mH (d) 1.62 mH

4. In the circuit given below, what will be the reading of the voltmeter
(a) 300 V V 100V 100V

(b) 900 V
(c) 200 V
200V, 100 Hz
(d) 400 V

5. In the circuit shown below, what will be the readings of the voltmeter and ammeter
100 

A V
300 V 300 V

220 V, 50 Hz
 (a) 800 V, 2A (b) 300 V, 2A
(c) 220 V, 2.2 A (d) 100 V, 2A

6. A bulb and a capacitor are connected in series to a source of alternating current. If its
frequency is increased, while keeping the voltage of the source constant, then
(a) Bulb will give more intense light
(b) Bulb will give less intense light
(c) Bulb will give light of same intensity as before
(d) Bulb will stop radiating light

7. An alternating e.m.f. of angular frequency  is applied across an inductance. The

instantaneous power developed in the circuit has an angular frequency
 
(a) (b)
4 2

(c)  (d) 2

8. The voltage of an ac source varies with time according to the equation V  100 sin 100 t cos 100 t

where t is in seconds and V is in volts. Then

(a) The peak voltage of the source is 100 volts
(b) The peak voltage of the source is 50 volts
(c) The peak voltage of the source is 100 / 2 volts
(d) The frequency of the source is 50 Hz

9. The diagram shows a capacitor C and a resistor R connected in series to an ac source. V1

and V2 are voltmeters and A is an ammeter
V1

C R V2
A

Consider now the following statements

I. Readings in A and V2 are always in phase
 II. Reading in V1 is ahead in phase with reading in V2
III. Readings in A and V1 are always in phase which of these statements are/is correct
(a) I only (b) II only
(c) I and II only (d) II and III only

10. In the circuit shown in figure neglecting source resistance the voltmeter and ammeter
reading will respectively, will be
V

R = 30 XL = 25 XC = 25

A

240 V

(a) 0V, 3A (b) 150V, 3A

(c) 150V, 6A (d) 0V, 8A

11. The voltage of an ac supply varies with time (t) as V  120 sin 100  t cos 100  t. The maximum
voltage and frequency respectively are
120
(a) 120 volts, 100 Hz (b) volts, 100 Hz
2
(c) 60 volts, 200 Hz (d) 60 volts, 100 Hz

12. In the circuit shown in the figure, the ac source gives a voltage V  20 cos( 2000 t). Neglecting
source resistance, the voltmeter and ammeter reading will be
6
A

5mH 50 F
4

(a) 0V, 0.47A (b) 1.68V, 0.47A

(c) 0V, 1.4 A (d) 5.6V, 1.4 A

13. A telephone wire of length 200 km has a capacitance of 0.014 F per km. If it carries an ac
of frequency 5 kHz, what should be the value of an inductor required to be connected in
series so that the impedance of the circuit is minimum
(a) 0.35 mH (b) 35 mH
(c) 3.5 mH (d) Zero
14. In a certain circuit current changes with time according to i  2 t. r.m.s. value of current
between t  2 to t  4 s will be
(a) 3 A (b) 3 3 A
(c) 2 3 A (d) (2  2 )A
15. Match the following
Currents r.m.s. values
(1) x 0 sin  t (i) x0
x0
(2) x 0 sin  t cos  t (ii)
2
x0
(3) x 0 sin  t  x 0 cos  t (iii)
(2 2 )
(a) 1. (i), 2. (ii), 3. (iii) (b) 1. (ii), 2. (iii), 3. (i)
(c) 1. (i), 2. (iii), 3. (ii) (d) None of these

16. The reading of ammeter in the circuit shown will be

A

XC = 5
(a) 2A V 110 V

(b) 2.4 A
(c) Zero XL = 5 R = 55

(d) 1.7 A

17. An ac source of angular frequency  is fed across a resistor r and a capacitor C in series.
The current registered is I. If now the frequency of source is changed to /3 (but
maintaining the same voltage), the current in then circuit is found to be halved. Calculate
the ratio of reactance to resistance at the original frequency 
3 2
(a) (b)
5 5

1 4
(c) (d)
5 5

18. An LCR series circuit with a resistance of 100 ohm is connected to an ac source of 200 V
(r.m.s.) and angular frequency 300 rad/s. When only the capacitor is removed, the current
lags behind the voltage by 60 o . When only the inductor is removed the current leads the
voltage by 60 o . The average power dissipated is
(a) 50 W (b) 100 W
(c) 200 W (d) 400 W
19. A virtual current of 4A and 50 Hz flows in an ac circuit containing a coil. The power
consumed in the coil is 240 W. If the virtual voltage across the coil is 100 V its inductance
will be
1 1
(a) H (b) H
3 5
1 1
(c) H (d) H
7 9
20. For a series RLC circuit R = XL = 2XC. The impedance of the circuit and phase difference
(between) V and i will be
5R 5R 1
(a) , tan1 (2) (b) , tan1  
2 2 2
1
(c) 5 X C , tan1 (2) (d) 5 R, tan1  
2

21. In the adjoining ac circuit the voltmeter whose reading will be zero at resonance is
V4
(a) V1
V1 V2 V3
(b) V2
(c) V3 L
V5
C R

(d) V4

22. In the adjoining figure the impedance of the circuit will be

(a) 120 ohm
90 V
(b) 50 ohm
XL = 30  XC =20
(c) 60 ohm
(d) 90 ohm

23. If i  t2 0  t  T then r.m.s. value of current is

2
T T2
(a) (b)
2 2
T2
(c) (d) None of these
5

24. In a series circuit C  2 F, L  1mH and R  10 , when the current in the circuit is maximum,
at that time the ratio of the energies stored in the capacitor and the inductor will be
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 1 : 2
(c) 2 : 1 (d) 1 : 5
25. A bulb and a capacitor are in series with an ac source. On increasing frequency how will
glow of the bulb change
(a) The glow decreases
(b) The glow increases
(c) The glow remain the same
(d) The bulb quenches

26. The r.m.s. current in an ac circuit is 2 A. If the wattless current be 3A , what is the power
factor
1 1
(a) (b)
3 2
1 1
(c) (d)
2 3

2 .5
27. F capacitor and 3000-ohm resistance are joined in series to an ac source of 200 volt

and 50 sec 1 frequency. The power factor of the circuit and the power dissipated in it will
respectively
(a) 0.6, 0.06 W (b) 0.06, 0.6 W
(c) 0.6, 4.8 W (d) 4.8, 0.6 W

28. The self inductance of a choke coil is 10 mH. When it is connected with a 10V dc source,
then the loss of power is 20 watt. When it is connected with 10 volt ac source loss of
power is 10 watt. The frequency of ac source will be
(a) 50 Hz (b) 60 Hz
(c) 80 Hz (d) 100 Hz

29. In an LCR circuit R  100 ohm. When capacitance C is removed, the current lags behind the
voltage by  / 3 . When inductance L is removed, the current leads the voltage by  / 3 . The
impedance of the circuit is
(a) 50 ohm (b) 100 ohm
(c) 200 ohm (d) 400 ohm

30. A group of electric lamps having a total power rating of 1000 watt is supplied by an ac
voltage E  200 sin(310 t  60 ) . Then the r.m.s. value o the circuit current is
(a) 10 A (b) 10 2 A
(c) 20 A (d) 20 2 A
 ANSWERS
V 100
1. (a) For dc, R   100 
i 1
V 100
For ac, Z   200 
i 0 .5

 Z R 2  (L) 2  200  (100 ) 2  4 2 (50 ) 2 L2

 L  0 . 55 H

E0 i0 R
2. (c) P  Erms irms cos    
2 2 Z

E2R
 E0

E0

R
P 02
2 Z 2 Z 2Z

E 02
Given XL  R so, Z  2R  P 
4R
P 60
3. (a) Current through the bulb i   6A
V 10
60W,
10V L
i

10 V VL
i

100V, 50Hz

V  VR2  VL2

(100)2  (10)2  VL2  V L  99 . 5 Volt

Also V L  iX L  i  (2L)

 99 . 5  6  2  3 . 14  50  L  L  0 . 052 H

4. (c) V 2  VR2  (VL  VC )2

Since V L  VC hence V  VR  200 V

5. (c) V 2  VR2  (VL  VC )2  VR  V  220 V

220
Also i  2 .2 A
100

6. (a) When a bulb and a capacitor are connected in series to an ac source, then on
increasing the frequency the current in the circuit is increased, because the impedance
of the circuit is decreased. So the bulb will give more intense light.
7. (d) The instantaneous values of emf and current in inductive circuit are given by
 
E  E 0 sin t and i  i0 sint   respectively.
 2

 
So, Pinst  Ei  E 0 sin t  i0 sint  
 2

  
 E 0 i0 sin t sin t cos  cos t sin 
 2 2

 E 0 i0 sin t cos t

1
 E 0 i0 sin 2t (sin 2t  2 sin t cos t)
2

Hence, angular frequency of instantaneous power is 2 .

8. (b) V  50  2 sin 100 t cos 100 t  50 sin 200 t

 V0  50 Volts and   100 Hz

9. (b) In RC series circuit voltage across the capacitor leads the voltage across the resistance

by
2

10. (d) The voltage VL and VC are equal and opposite so voltmeter reading will be zero.
Also R  30 , X L  X C  25 

V V 240
So i   8A
R  (X L  X C )
2 2 R 30

11. (d) V  120 sin 100 t cos 100 t  V  60 sin 200 t

Vmax  60 V and   100 Hz

12. (d) Z  (R)2  (X L  X C )2 ;

R  10 , X L  L  2000  5  10 3  10 

1 1
XC    10  i.e . Z  10 
C 2000  50  10 6
V0 20
Maximum current i0    2A
Z 10
2
Hence irms   1 .4 A
2

and Vrms  4  1 . 41  5.64 V

13. (a) Capacitance of wire
C  0.014  10 6  200  2.8  10 6 F  2.8 F
1
For impedance of the circuit to be minimum XL  XC  2L 
2C
 L 1

1
4 2 2C 4(3.14)2  (5  10 3 )2  2.8  10 6

 0.35  103 H  0.35 mH

 i dt
2 4 4

 
4
2 (4 t)dt 4 2 t dt t2
 2
 4
14. (c) i2      t  12
2
2
 dt
4
2 dt 2  2  2

 irms  i 2  12  2 3 A

x0
15. (b) 1. rms value =
2
x0 x
2. x 0 sin t cost  sin 2t  rms value  0
2 2 2
2 2
x  x 
3. x 0 sin t  x 0 cos t  rms value   0    0 
 2  2

 x 02  x 0

16. (c) Given X L  X C  5, this is the condition of resonance. So V L  VC , so net voltage across
L and C combination will be zero.
17. (a) At angular frequency , the current in RC circuit is given by
Vrms
irms  ......(i)
2
 1 
R 
2

 C 
irms Vrms Vrms
Also   ......(ii)
2 2 9
  R  2 2
2
 1   C
R 
2 
 
 C 
 3 

From equation (i) and (ii) we get

1
3 R 2  2 2  C 
XC 3
5 3
 
 C R 5 R 5
XL X X X
18. (d) tan    C  tan 60 o  L  C
R R R R

 X L  XC  3 R

i.e. Z  R 2  (X L  X C ) 2  R

V2 200  200
So average power P  = 400 W
R 100
P 240
19. (b) R 2
  15 
irms 16
 V 100
Z   25 
i 4

Now XL  Z 2  R 2  (25 ) 2  (15 ) 2  20 

20 1
 2L  20  L   Hz
2  50 5

20. (b) X L  R, X C  R / 2

R
R
X  XC 2  1
 tan   L 
R R 2

   tan 1 (1 / 2)

R2 5
Also Z  R 2  (X L  X C )2  R2   R
4 2

21. (d) At resonance net voltage across L and C is zero.

90 90
22. (c) iL   3 A, iC   4 .5 A
30 20

Net current through circuit i  iC  iL  1 . 5 A

V 90
Z    60 
i 1 .5

1 T 2 T2
23. (c) irms  0 i dt 
T 5
V V
24. (d) Current will be maximum in the condition of resonance so imax   A
R 10
2
1 2 1  E 
Energy stored in the coil WL  Li max  L  
2 2  10 

1  E2  1
  10  3     10  5 E 2 joule
 2
2  100 

 Energy stored in the capacitor

1 1
WC  CE 2   2  10  6 E 2  10  6 E 2 joule
2 2
1
25. (b) This is because, when frequency  is increased, the capacitive reactance XC 
2C
decreases and hence the current through the bulb increases.

26. (c) iWL  irms sin   3  2 sin   sin  

3
2

   60 o so p.f.  cos   cos 60 o 

1
.
2


2
27. (c)  1  1 Z  (3000 )2  (4000 )2  5  10 3 
Z  R2     (3000)2 
 2C 
2
 2 .5 
 2  50   10  6 
  
 2
Vrms cos 
So power factor cos  
R

3000
 0 .6 and power P  Vrms irms cos   
Z 5  10 3 Z
(200)2  0.6
P  4 . 8W
5  10 3

V2 (10) 2
28. (c) With dc : P  R  5;
R 20
2
(10)2  5
With ac : P
Vrms R
 Z2   50  2
Z2 10

Also Z 2  R 2  4  2 2 L2

 50  (5)2  4(3.14)2 2 (10  10 3 )2    80 Hz .

 XL
29. (b) When C is removed circuit becomes RL circuit hence tan  .....(i)
3 R

 XC
When L is removed circuit becomes RC circuit hence tan  .....(ii)
3 R

From equation (i) and (ii) we obtain XL = XC. This is the condition of resonance and in
resonance Z = R = 100.
1
30. (b) P V0 i0 cos   1000 
1
 200  i0 cos 60 o
2 2

 i0  20 A  irms 
i0

20
 10 2 A.
2 2