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349 views20 pagesElla Landau-Tasseron - From Tribal Society To Centralized Polity
Ella Landau-Tasseron - From Tribal Society to Centralized Polity
Uploaded by
carlos murciaCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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/ 20
JPRUSALEM STUDIES IN ARABIC AND ISbAM
‘rial Bor: 8. Shab (ian), A Ard
este i fe aa JERUSALEM STUDIES IN
" ARABIC AND ISLAM
24
2000
1, tne of As and Alcan Stain, The Hebrew reat 20
FROM TRIBAL SOCIETY TO CENTRALIZED
POLITY: AN INTERPRETATION OF EVENTS
‘AND ANECDOTES OF THE FORMATIVE,
PERIOD OF ISLAM
Billa Landaw-Tasseron
he Halo Uniteriy of Jerse
Leaving ve the debate athe uhentiy and verity of th eae
‘compile the nivel Matin hiovan 1 won la ele me
‘volatonary palerne pertinent to the fomive pete the lame
ply. This owl i aol on a ltrpeation of eran eens and
rosie of the Raiden nad Umsyat pros do at pops he
to econtct th sory of thos prod Tn ny Blt tat even i
‘hor rourss be unearthed and nem entry baer, ct
Enowledge would nt realy increas, becaon thei oy of Pong
‘yond all dosbt that one reonatevton fe sper to en An oe
proach avoiding Ui eon thet tie reso at the ene
‘lseibed inthe rept but tbe binges and the smell
‘Shore who mote than? T Jono popes todo thin itr. Rati,
Tague tha mary reports ve fatally uate, ae itr no
aly about thal sahara (x shown by Goldie), bt alo sat
{he ey period wh bey purport to dvb oro thing Uy tay
ae intarting ettons. or tarp, be Bali radon ho
‘Srl spate dvr by “Usrr and ‘mds in wich they ere
‘Se Moers and Medians or shiling Sd whe theo ne
aad otherwise meres ny be puso, tthe Hien
The nooner poole (the Merete sn Manne teed in hse
‘porch es wiling than the Bedouin olor echoes at pa
tips nha Another opie that peat ncneran th
wy russia nage ae
tito Cora and tie ito Bh by ho Sonn fit
1
‘From Til Scety to Cetra Paity sat
Pati
a ee ona sy nS mare
Folin tn i nf arn of btn of th Mon ply.
Be Bese pepe tach secon I ot sony age
Sea rns goon seo tal cee The iy ah
Spot rv fo th ht repr ns ee ly
Se Mrap purpose tan terse fay mo
Fulani, ence an prince The noe open.
7 Son any scree debt const al fo cy seed
{Molise noi wordy Shy sade css te impresion
“(MS is Rad tind hero sheep Hos oe
fit the pode ihe Raids wept tod of th
otal T nat that hon may xp even ei oe
on, mang tbe dae mops se mops de
ir porte mtb ttl wih eae fo hr saat ae
auction wih ter repre, eae at eh mb
Sn gy ad sos tas Th tt oa tt ein
‘Gawler own ata bt stn wo eg
incor ocean waa ei nye oct cea
{fib coe of they ih only sort pee Ue ne
a
om
SPREAD Su ta scp gl ea
oe to mat a Meme At to
"Fiat acy ely Ai ath See ee Be Landow Taser
inn ice but I ifeen wag) inthe ce of ei dy
Sale can nre pie tat pst Wo the alam, :
Modpammad fv wba soci, where he rated ne comniy
‘al Nounare, ad that tr slarty wan tanta by 8 oben
{os oer than shared genalogy All hn, homer wes no new. The
[olla Mecen tation ft Som bel bees genital acu
Ingo the same prinpl, nem, community sae pf va,
{ea pour, unl by gow bliss ator thet movied
‘i om thers! The el novelty intl by Mason ( aie
{> preaching nach) mas the Into f the cme of Coe
teal ator Int Arabian woly Ite wall ow that Moen
‘etary contol legiltion, itary poner andthe dela of
Sithrty inthe exmmanty It hood be epaodtht even toa
the Meccan preire s bore acy i he la omy
{ced fora ceil aor Ie in were only rela
bya ele group that laced coerce power. Nor id the Hur Some
iat ote Ted not, for example act tee om a outa
sep. Siler, nthe wlcet towne od aetemente sacha Moding
Cetra lenerhip'Au's medieval scat sere, “Quran
neighbouring ie did wot understand the ds of stort" By ce
{Ent and sn ivitableconnouene ofthe monotheistic pins on
sbjet te one cel autarty paso fy fhe Prophet 1 i ue
‘hat the Prophet ited to abe coumledbe Coram scion,
Ut he adn instante eowrve poe, an tht Nora we
ri Toy down ul, ede on mitaty ston deploy site fore
‘oF appoint aneter Mtn to any tak ‘Tae aber et Sold
se RS Re lp al sa a a
‘atl Society ta Contras Polity
FE ees one Sl le repre soa he Prot mob
Pele fis rnmcco, Wae cnt tection of Abu Bat op,
Feo Nissen eae ct cout nthe on loach on cton
Goce on tecnica am ces be
[Ee tsrimnd. Tut thy of ARS Bake ay ted
7 Stee om tne! than ha te Poh eter ar
|L11 Thealotion a Aba Bake
Tests i mn somali ete Sto ae
Ei ately bth mt zn Bere
ee ers iy a ya
alti ata sage oman ren sate ea
ee een
tsar ri omaha hres ar A
Br ts itso lag ope sk 8 le
o Palos ted nhs net
“scone Ab Pay eel os comp by pe
EY ute on ht he Sia sf Une Cae
Je W's tnd iw septic hse? Ab Bey
“red warning he omy ote hi in ted bal
|S sl nt non cn
By ss ota thd uy ie Pros Som of
feted ram te Pm Sant
Ect sy ln cn of te tae thi Gap
© joel tr ene on Suh nt pon hte os
S051 ver he Matin eran te epe pte
I oS er Dy toe se
1 eon Abl Bake i rported to have i, “Te Ara will nove ab
Ins ay tet Quah, wa th rgd oy 1 Bs Lando Teen
ih te Quy eed in rare Ai, ng hey wee he
tai tat ba olan fe tice Uden ean be pe,
Pcl wey Pine hn cps dts aboot i main
tah th tes ating the Sonpimensy nation fe
na cos te Ban cant be dane artes Sea
incre Toe sane fo thins he tan soe
tment in he Quran Sly cess abs
Beye rnp kl ie mary esa ha, he
‘hiveb, mee noone ago pint gsc, oven by
ise of CEFF isu i Me maar he
tcc ar oot sow he ma Poly. he
{Echt en Gra wna ui a
Prot eal and so x aut ce idee eyo
ent tad e Abt Bs, he ppg va the ed
‘Suan venta again Qrgeh mu ey
‘Nero mth no grat ile The Can he egh came
{Ste rqrl r antral ai of Ques Marne th pple
‘Rony tmpony lng rng th moni ws 7388352)
soe Quo wal
The Meri io ae wal ot ern lea Ab Bo
Aneelintohisnige penal ccs ™ Te ew feats
{rs eon Pt tee the croton ct aly
‘Taleo leh uh he sfc lo Bar a
‘Suto ag 0 agar, The Rt wang i ese
Ie sie ft tela the Popes aunt oe niu
Aoi Ab Bake to arene Sneving of ciate ot
Sts eth Sf theres Ke, alan eg
Se eens
Ce es aac
ro Trl Society to Contra Palit 185,
eount of thee atte" Obvly thse tpumete ae ast
| Cremation ed hove noting od ith Abt a stay for
© Given. The ncond reno for deating Ab Boy unas cre
Sle tha thee wn, ater a, quit mdepresd peti Io Bie
‘Rein? Ye ce al of Ab Bak’ opponent a Melina
‘er Tet ec cently peredel vo acct his leash nie of
Ti nagvingr® "The qnaton wy, ad he ane [hak at
[ona become te et clip
"Whether it ws concluded whole teat o grudgingly "Uma
act decided the matter of ener infarc of Ab k,n
‘yh ako er grate by bath the Mais rion ad den
‘ub, hesfore 0 explanation msly even forthe ound
aaa it we may ye nse a cel sd
(truly, boy's ra have meant meting to munya he Ae
that Uae gove to Abu Baler as binding.
ing homage” or am oath of allegiance” ie misleading, became it doe
hea boh "to buy ad" al laping hana wa poy token
eoncingtnstactio ithe ctl aie of Mesa The
Clalinctal characte f o's apparent the spuaiosoten ap
de not only between a caliph and his subjects but alo bebween any
tenders ia lower,” All thi, However, dos ot sem to etal
fecrelne nor ier. "slat fesare ognaed with the
al Cena oe
wise wake nia Haw, 9s Tt
TETRIS (Seda mn a one 186, te Landon Teeen
sens with go contra, and thi pasts traction was acted
itevocabl.™ Double about ths practice ofthe Proper ny te oe
tote by Quan 4810, "thn who pledge thence cepg yoy
Ian (hiya) page thant Efe Goi Got's baad i ako
lec hans aad whomes eel is paige fos soo ho oe af
‘on, whereas whowter espe he corenat ith God, Gd lt best
‘on him iowa evar." Baya aldo the weet explanation
‘anche (1033), which reas "Pll God's covenant” By "ey
oven ays Hapa, the nyt the Pop eeu pred
ty a8:10%" Sal wonder tha «ropodiaton ofa aa given to ig
Propet was caoieed ox spear. Kwan he ame wr earl
‘hat compete ‘Ato join he eter mses te comay a ge
he eye fo "Uh in pte ining eee oth
cred «bya Us very vee, ete nk by "tama
Jnterchange with hse who rebels nn The seretoe o
{toys alo be te ran why cei Sno teens en th
Talk an Zaye dd at gie th ay tA a lor doe
under daa Sich tritici snp eoneate Ge
lwo honorable Companions tom te charge fe uation Ay
leech. Wiha Ue i mind he tition bout "Umar a be
come compat, Gnte hands wre gel, Abt Bats eleehp
‘va sacred a revocable, and fora oppenenis etme
“To explanation faves Wo ass uatweed, Fi, popcy and
liphate ate So diferent eategr so te yf give ia the Pop
Dea canna sree sol fr the eu of te igh Seas
nas ‘Una who caspel ADU Babs bade mip did others as
fol bound by? Why aid’ they rine to flow mi Toe ane
'o both tein he inthe enc ofthe aay f comin
‘hich was nti fom the Prope’ ti Aaya given tothe
Prophet contained thf omen, nny contenon le,
nig te Mastin community and aeysng the Proper lee
Sie he pk, erento nantes ts
gs sa cyt
Sie en mye a tia dye view wnt
contri =m
Sa Tap ee A ahh Shar we
Prom Trib Stcity te Cetaied Poy is
‘ha td the community togetber. Faith God tothe Propet
10 the Mai comnty were oe sd ne une? Toe Peers
ath neat terror the pv on wih the commune
Ingest Uinry at fal the new pot Sto fe ths ght Ab
Bul wo gre scene vo the Prophet ot “ot cp oe
Pate Crone and Martin Hinde ould tei Sice sent
{Info te eomminty aod ot Prop mee one tad ee,
thenew leneahip. Ae whale, nil eenone i, hence Sead
‘1.2 The opplon to Abu Rake
Te deton of Aba Bakr wae simltancos exresion ft dre,
utes ova the fener ail ode I amr the merit ot
‘Graph tothe othe bal roam tbrchy preserving the Peles
Hecate Atte sme sine the ld mci ode within Quras war
change. In the pas, embenhip i the site depend on nly
‘nich i ur as Duel on grea. How i maw pects in
the (ate tht determined sli Yr Indep, Aba Bak
‘egorted have ad, "The Bahan ae he tw hate ever wo
‘Noe Goon nth, th et wh ble eH an nts
es thy at he Gen and wai Prophet hey ne
‘Ab Bake ver sll thew node. Howey, i coat be doubted hat
Ui tcial ede wun deed reveal cn eros well a ie el
«aliphUiat slong to ratielyusimportant Gury clan ayn
as peta AM Baker's atively bumble origin that sod
‘sets and evenly me heathy ene! than that
Spontatvng Arse ren
As ong at be ive, we bey God Menge
Oh come, erate of God, wa bout Aba Bai?
‘When ho de, wil be mike x yong camel in ie? ‘hab Go willbe a dite >
: ere
ect Gtr ee tal ah
oar Sete ae re
Sip eeone i
she wih th ree Toa
‘he vad 3. a
‘mtd anand He a gis en ee os eo
Ton to make hi comply. In another obviously tendentious coun,
$Cd bate anvounce bat ex poe to an ho ayaa hs be
FP aee on etl thi doesnt take place bce grees
ice correaene ea
Da
tein in partlar hs shia andi emer cy withthe
‘opel ruaceluim alable for lederhp” o ether sabe id aot
‘eu uc bute fy iy acon ‘Ua bacon Ab Bas
ed emp ete ca yo i hy ha
Seng tvs soereting wich ga, hey rl to scowl
‘bu ul. hn ioc ten st Sa. bay he Kr
thier wo shia sie strc ep, ng oe So
SiS ben vy cto be rope bare appetd
Sate pipe sigan he uence by Bo estan,
Sr his itignalee having eee ped aie, id 9h per in
{S.neopue ater Abt Bat rina Re esied in Mina but
‘hiscio tine fom the rear Companoes nh, i bet am el
ie Ouse th oon many bal grog had wo appreciton of
‘Yaka Teh vl 3p. 28 ei cota
sta ie a. ‘hy ga 190 ls Land Teteon
the aye and they sca Aba Bakr authority. ‘They wore coed
‘na, end te Mae fought thet The fii betes spay
Tapmeiton vo Aba Dali lly atid te wot tebe
Be Celnpanion Sab ge Wh ake wheter thre wat nye
‘Mocha! to te lendeip of Ata Bak be toto, no, cep
Tpunatr ethos who where on the thesia of eptn™™
“The met pled for lecting A Bake warped one, the
‘ont Sy’ (Aba Be and A), triton by te ing ae
{Formers and ncn of ecto (Uthmas). I took west iy
Sears the axanon to he vl oe rationed. Twa ely
etawige (1, 0/64) who etblabed Uh heltry pnp ova
the ed of hs seg Thi fst ed explanation” Why could dy
aly ot be esa by he fae ae, a noel the co? The
Fushi ll a we when they wuld mona a eB 2 i
tory segue ta tee Arak anal aoe hereditary Tle, bat i
{Rot scree. On the sottry iba ener len eet
he fomiy and een pt ot fate oom allough mot
tral way he wry ence f Bel nana and asa convey th idea
that neiy mas bet.‘ i ave Ben tt eae
way the Resin da sl ornate th one "The ronan Weta
Thee oe stats sie en he ig, wich they sae mh ler
{Comyn oft Prophet Ax fng an cata veteran gst sch 2
‘Aud a Rabe b. Aes Tlha aad Zap mee le, ne satonty
‘Panty 85/6 when von the cet welt Set Bed
Thee Melony could epefr hina to be regen ie i
hope, bowen, a only pavtlly fll ax other mond gestion
Rtmanty oti slays b. "AR and Adal) bab Zaye eed
timp the sigs orn av. Sice thw lint bad no sie
‘tite nn, ring bee too yung dosing te Pops ne, hey
‘ein! tat of tee father By th the pine of sahign Was
se tices eens, se Ue bom
From Trl Sait to Cental Pel 19)
Fae Unwed oe ‘Aba bsp wo aly pon, ut
th wlan soa The gal ean yc bs ws
Epo by new nc: heeary lacy fr bath te log
‘Sst tn he Si, od nlp ote Rane.
a
[Minato a, peo telumieMeceanwitocrsy whch reste a 9p
‘he Main tation often conveys thereon that the ele ofthe
Ash was completaly cestealaed an atatonld, Accor to
then report elphe sina von ge itary latations te
‘Se comiandesin the id hoon of ice aay Bat the ain
tre rtrd sa nig th ap we ote
Thor ar reports that the it two caliph sted Jo make impetan
decison ler eanmaaion asthe ter leg veer C
anit We oe tld tat, rsd with nobly hey won fe
Fein the Quin and the Prophet's sna Halon woe fed
‘hee they Would cnet dete of the cranny wat pen
itr consenor®! Obviouly ths eno Sead drpion,detitng
he Risin as aatematicaly applying the methodlogy of hr lige
Fincipe (op lg nlc, thi inthalgy meson elope
hing the sond/aghth atu. may lobe ogi hat thera
‘Tae gitinatin ofthe icons eken ye Th, Sees
Ie apurou Yt the hs stentonvfeta i Ue repo el
forthe flowing raon. Both Abd Habra "Unns e mebers of
2 poup of poms They bad either sence power tlie daca
Se died "bane with wow the Prophet we pts whe he
dea oreo “the ten who had ben protnd Praan™ (0 thy
‘mata " Meobes of sane pou Welle thensler 102 le La Toseron
candi oth elphte AR, “Uhm, al bap, ‘Abd
Ghee “a,c (Ut, "Ao be made a bid the
ipsam by) ined anasto Abs i eth
Mt ese hk fe et eng yom but yr a al poe,
‘Sipping ote ve te thers ea upright me
se Sin wap vinanes lowed threo sen dilly
{Satan ment hig i a
20 timate ho fe pc na eb tht
UST Sa go ott pty wd Ton Jota Taba and e-bay fo
OPM ina ote: tt not neh to et oe ent)
Ahn la, ahr fA et arb
ret ahr sovwer weedeat AbO Bar and
{Dnt thane hed weno bt ome ha pea “am ut
caret feat Aba Babs pon abv "Ell the
Payot oil re ge ate ou mately my mey =
FER to smelt despre contuel to "lamas nd
{Appi eer itis a ne
allowing hia atning, me woul expel Abi Bakt to ona hi
wots on ely pics Notrstanding eid to hate aed guint
Ueber jelgmens oe sther Companion nthe fore of
sane Pope doth He dapatsed to Sia the ary tat
{Eoprpiet had urs! bee bed, wt he ined on waging
wi oe Ib rctsrat Ara ries inthe sale apstany wen The
225, weve, arth cxrpona nd th reports nay e explained
Sate rncdeasiption ef rch shy dvton balween Abu Bar
the one bd nd is companions oe the ot, pekars pte of
Shes ens hit pole, Th Ss leveled ecsatins agin! AD
kod te Suann had jsf nau anh cone The
ee hit on bo Das frlton agit Dok to ae
seeepatioor aim prope et melcg Misa ot bol re od
Gr, hehe Ta ptt pin the
‘htt uae syne, 9p 9c ab Matab i, Kone
‘Prom Tie Society to Conran Paty 192
sowing tht he wa he eh ann the igh pls, Both Ube pte
fee he army to Seis the aponny ary show thet he adhered
ERS Ino of the Progiet. Bretolly tbe tcc of hit ewes
{teeny nich had teen onthe geo tne
‘Gontatinen te esetve dro wee surely the asm is the
time of he Raskin, Tadeo fo he wo encptonal exe ot
‘metiwet, mediping eere re meoret shih stew tha Abs
ale di at smply dey he erpaniony rer, be yrsudod shen of
Uesosdhes of his sgn ne auch eprt ba Bar sade
{oa the lloving: "You know that the Prophet wed to coat yon
alu bos sore by Quranic vem Go wil nt et you minke
‘yom, Consider my siggetion aed your ow, then decide Wnanimnouay
Bakr’s opinion Obviouly the report = we anachronistic reooetroc
tn, of alles othe Tater dace of mas ey the vio he
tommy conomin, Rean lo inpited se lgitimation of
‘Simei Spuiou am th report hataral asst Pest
the anton“ om Sut one of yous accuse Seon, these had
teen Gengrnment between AO Bakr nd his companions hey mut
‘The mond caliph, “Ue, often somltel he elo Compaion of
ie Print a. per om portant matt" Members of Un
pec ion he acne hy Ura cas oth
‘has rus, thee pope dd not leave the He. Hresptioes were
‘va ‘Uboyde an Sad An Wage, Abt'Ubnya wor et by ADO
tn Ged the yor 18/690. Swan wnt by "Umar a eng
onmander org, where be alo ered gover, AEZabaye i
‘ooo ma pape the ae of Yarn el ny
Snip in Beye ttre he tage ne ie Thi ale fron
Se Pa Team peg and wtp 1, 9.
SR neste a eae a Ta ay Tat
‘nA e's int ir a
"San te v1. 6 aa... ANY. 194 ila Londo eter
‘he Prop had stem the importance of jd and we
Sipe coaet Compiz loaders to he teschng, ne
ist hey ea by urge te
{tro Yes thy sag is he Hsu ot of en id ly
{il defined pontins poe Aba Baics aceon, Ab "Usa an
"Vana wea tl volunteer the ace ef ella the ye ond
misting juli, pectiely. Menon ofthe pg by
opined to tat com etna rch alent an ping
suibuted Yo Abe Boke decision to tthe veteran Muslins r,s
they bal oe enough fT nthe at: “shalt apt ay
tank hese mod ptlpted nthe bate of Bad shal ee hey
epee wll hey eet Go with thea ded he cre" We
tna, howe, lok for othe oo for this atantion. Merb of Ie
(ot nny have wana say coe to he omar where eon ere
ring natn order to xe tiles sd/or ei thet Io
male bid for the eit. AL te sue inthe caliph ee hem
Uae hi fr eonelatin td suport, bee the Bas of hi oa
asthority wan Bima. "Urs pote Yo te i, God hal
‘hve [poe with rs and hey wl a na Another poy
that be clip ny bare bce ord tt if iy seein he province
they might nae eaagh pone nd comets shor, Ths wie
hv allow! the woe of Guapo fe ovens The peasy,
{sore ther pene to aay by thom, whch dot"
omer, roots tat ‘ala anda Zubye indeed acuied fll
inthe province, ten hog they el ee there *
“This ype fanaa exec by the Rian exe with ic
rsp Inthe ruben rie two ces Unt even en eae
BPR amas may, Tata, wl, 9p
ff a “aA van
fect ba aan Sets
PRE Re C8 SS 0. se to Ae Bas
whiter ig ea
ST, pS, Sea i. 4 (ae naar
‘From Dil Sciey Centrale Polity 195
oad oor rep, the ner were nt thir aa but tole suber
cats ite pa goa
eee ot tesor a poe x wena of he craven
Sieh Rae mt ata a n
Sth Oi as ae et
‘hemi et neat canes aaah
TS ig es i
MR Se ee a et 196 la Landon Taneron
“The cond phenomenon hacer tr he Prophets eth wn
the peste ne pon cxipa me mater tapi
Aa ale opin we deeds aly nbd presorery
oon htc ort ‘Unars se “Uae dings wilh Ab
Pulse spotters of ibe Umayyad KBkAOS SG end be
15> dade ti utr! of RNS sk Wal, b to no ea
‘a calipy‘Uins who ly pred ms econ to ath.
‘Mie alge no poe, el doping! ene ni Sens
SAUL orcnore’ iste thd er nae uae mena fae
tani, uc the elias the Manin er snd in
He co elon goerce an lia commander fit rong Om
{he popular Wall a Wale" The ypaoanens of grerom, bow
‘ort not mney an nation nara wth
Fred Boner would bee" te con, wen a sal
Cuplaft gnot hn tera oneior edi! bor
ase romue coming on Une fie raed ® Whe te Ktae
‘Shen i hol, sd inary
‘Sint! he hd wo ne ihtandng poe ered bye
ite nowandKttane™ Cartan tae ty fo plate Unars
‘ne to penuh the pes oe sun tht
“Ginn wed avant th peopl bout te cond of he gover
ted when he dled what he hear he wo wise tha gore
In ceva hn, the goveraor ato have sopenced inal «re
nn Semple ast hn nar tat ave ocpoal
peed digaic tein cormbied by goer be ale
cule inated ton seat he pope, pone cms expe
‘them Fly tpt Ue sempre
teen hn a pure, ney, to countenance secu
‘ng to ws "Ure opt into ran
“Dina el of maton the poe someting
ea, Fm a op Fc, 20,
‘Rie er 3:6 on
‘Pom Til Society lo Centred Pty 91
«Aik the gover of Pay Aan aly. A bd a he lt, Uae
(ofa teeta om the governor in Egypte a thal ere a
fell there le neve satel Ia wba apperst be the spa
1 Momo, namely, damning the bons govern.
va shri, aaliy portrayed 9 men ler, who wt out to
uri is ator. Tia ie presely why he ws chrg with no
(son, ad eventually ture. He rests ate very wl row
one lle things he sere to elect Uw Qua, conflate
fer camel tat wer propre the stat, and Gel peel pb
Novonn mes and prt. Th ater ofthe governs was fet
‘ow pot of diate blwee "Us and the Ara Afi ie
fhe provinces® "The Maan one recmelng “hina cor re
tba inthe pleco shot lari. Wheto he had bee leg
Jay {estima} cr cnjutly (meme) bore « ey quetion i e
‘Nits beowem Shs, Kons sod Sansa ‘There the sources
‘ound with both charger agit mand attempt exnerate hn,
ra east explain Bi tins, "The nef exee for confeating
ied (Ua had dae ere el and cect the Que
eons, twos sagt ithe ate wopented, or tat sean
‘he ent Mae or that he wet atay bean be ha To he ng
tf ibe Protet Homer, when diconwertn! fom plait, “lbs
fener cn be interes meas fo amet ete aot
‘sing its Umass wee viva govern, “Uther
‘pe tough to solve the problem by sppoisting he own reais and
Drgee™ Appanaty he tached much important the deletion
‘tony etki eovesgny. Infact be rept to ae
‘that macht thaws who eventually eo gait iT ehink
that 1 appoint and die govern to your Hing, the ing power
‘iin fct be a you had, sod my fle wl be deed of mening"
any reports thi ftapetaion Uh ead to have seta
eure to dam is spotted govern, ad fo hve ae severe
Ines when ced wits rch demande He eplaed Ne governor
Ista ay afte the Tt had ban prevett y foc or extering
co hm a Dal ed
Pe Fh tp (hci Wa "Ut 38 (’
ses eps wt cong 3 nad 198 le Land Toten
cre eas ow the mor scans ove gaint “Utkin,
cere tere ted nha for, Inthe ste es
UCT RA im elced Abu Mans oF Ase wi i om
Tete Aula ii ooy best the Butane bed plan
Tree Mane Anat tet so repre dpi “Uma
sin ing so 1 hs nye Wn
eer the cont of Hogi, “Utena order Ne owl a
ean takes rhino and to ave hit pos in ga
Thins mamas wre sometiey ortho Sach was te te
cua ogo ype aed Oi een oe
ppt to Mein a preset vis demande before "Uthnse
‘HEPSIIN toned Yo cry and ey ie sini “Usha ten
TTS satel hn gveor yp io enor pith tbe) te
arse on dcgalio upon thi etn bet wos ineerled
Ske dean ture! ¢ Mei, i eg ota me
re ry acetal 1 een a ina, though at
sty mete ie ch inal ak
ei conering Ue Prophet's Compnons, Abe Note
‘in nud cmc hat the xy wan concoct wa a fr se
erste Athi cae out pon the very of i wy. Yet
FePealy mening fork orn the mlrmediae sags
‘Sto ote ae yey th ne. When under pose or
scene govanrUnarhe ie in Under sia crete
aaaaeeact trans he foud io hare to eit oeny
etndl so meni, bt sed ove rt a
Pedi sec sage of develop mic te cetaieation of
Fenda Sons aeeny fama onegt etka ot pt ten ok
Er mind the meres of the aman
ae irak cap. athe fr of Abs 86d Ab
a comp 1s
From Tria Steinty ts Centrale Pa 199
[tas Uh dvd tbe all te mest colts i a
jury an beri ca too gon he marth i eal
SN i Geta! maby ter tne tht ofthe Probe
Forel to ponsie he Malia somsronty. Seely "Utne
He Soto als Ame thn tao bp, bene
Beet oa nol any, he Umaga, Te pretane Quy
Fe Simic orem if ener "Umen
BP iran we rrr ans hand oa me yas
| sot ie a sone pnt fran ton. The
© ao pael he proves omtrnton Tu samc te poss
Pe LCL ty emp te pce ta tn hod wo py fc bbe
GTi le: scene oremncn To tern Moin eo
sou and he omen hd da herr, ere ci
E utotiy cull ray be saab sa dnt onde he
se hha le pon tig meth
Ferhat ‘i oplaed moa ob aig goes with hi own onde
Feat cou neta i ay ne mong a ee
Fe Gc hoe ha any ote alph eprovel insta be plat de
2 jue is pptcnent eng so rpm i oy wo
{erany dvd of esnng with th hone of i
trey ma tp ier tora el serpy. Ths ap
7 pan ag te thingy he npinnnt ty Abhi Ab
[ir mara Ueama at cone pn, ai opine of
iy wen mate inpatan opp “A wo uner rear os
MK Amr andthe ten to el tog nope, The mat
fio hdc the ec the ht eps the asin
‘a ot he cant pon compare batt rece in
Iino thet scl acon or th coping fo «pt
{i ctan pou. Tosone dee Bonga com
Sin or So cont wx hae ton pad. A» pom of
{Shit wig, to hgh pons te pvt og pecs
‘Siphon ‘Umar gore In Keto oan po,“
fSnfona te aprnes we het ey ater he ha sre
{Slt 2p nr pct a nts oa oreo ar
‘important sols col pation 1 woe Mag wo ped
jth ey ating ce gv of agen, en ag
.
i
i
F 200 le Landa Tasoren
heey exercising bis own authority
ta es i ea
1.23 The dpogni of armed ores
The masopsl of pont or ite sane inden a major citeon
tmcmring the exe of Siac of avn ymca tie
‘pet th Propet’ atoty appr fo ate eq tha of ee
ft atte, Wheres in hn Jain syone cold te wae
rophets ine sch decioes wer inh hae alone Dy ote,
there ar stron neato that thea tech at enol
{he deployment of rma fn To what xen the itary nyo
‘he period was gn by the clip in Mina es ati of dap
among solar! The muro bigs on i pan On the one
‘tnd thera many secon depicting tcl ming hee
Sommandas inthe Sli ale nrcton ves ston the ese
taki in aren that wer nf fo tn). "Tutor aboand
‘th asta Ue caliph ce spon to hte exchange! with
rt Dit of
From Tia Sacity to Cetra Paty am
aonnandes and governors. On the oer hand, tere ae report
Suge that tle Racin ai wat monopole the rnning fe
peal reat to the tbl pat. For exemple, ne oe ol hat
Bhar b. sl-“Agiitinted Uhe conquest of Kgypt; noodles to say, another
unt he that iene who made deci ose Egy
Noreen ate to hat whan the gover of Alexandria (0h ol
india) propane to pay tebe to Aste attr rote
Sotto esving introns om “Daa "hae no reson
“iether of tho ecru ahuld ave en og, whaea the
rn an easly be rete ox prodotof the centage
{hs ovubly tothe sue br the sone ndeting men iba
om are at ver fou.
‘nother ection of wa conte ing the patio of he Rein
Gette wount regarding the acy of Kad, ae Wi iter ad
Compl wan sigorens Kh bs Wal pended chat he
{Sintec fom Abn ay to goto Yamin nd tothe terry
bee of Tei. Toe Ang fed to ina efi eamp, ba
hud nga thle prot an conic with slo
femmes‘ Ansar ae god Dh sion and reine ala
inp. ere bah the cadet the commander snd tht ofthe
toon refectmeak ang, which mense weak cliphal cote “At
(She Eaton os we ls have center acount ith detailed
atrctinsrappnoly sen by Abs Bak to Khai
hts wek cone fis ops is a erident in anther isan.
‘Au Uni of Dama al Sana retell fh one anti.
Tot cits onthe Mati ide promi sale cma to Gir Pe
tli lie the Kalb, ho wor on the smerny a Ahab could
ot enecoe the Kalbe oh fi hr the prisoners and hobo tet
then, lei with am nary rote The cso ofthe Jy, ad
the tbl chi me stro than te ath of th comrade
{Fhe faooe hadi, "lowes aking Moin sien to gaat
Inarte)p 18 Ane me
“hota Eumoeting sca
wf seep igre ah 9p 307
vain Fv nyo potion om (or: 0 Beal other Mai."
seLoc unit esbold, ower bx plated on tht due othe doen
fecma untae oops a qual peivts aids vemained ptt of sc
Ee iStsaind an ‘Rovato pao aves
Sear ee nd tly tare eee pa!
Sets ave cps an or dg
Salsa ele rs
min a eS ped, ay, et
stitutions of coercive power. “
ars nel th ln Kinde, pla i
‘Faun hs si A elon oie
22 Fy of rh.
‘igre tet ape wong mat am (rat) od
"Tear etw ton
tek Rise ws 4 a
From Trio Scny to Centra! Polity ms
Wm he cont of bth the cppeition and Uke governor reflect the inter:
fore won conaitated of lbeanen, which ment sha Uy were no mere
feuioted an ofl toa, is goverot, who in his tora actvaod the
Sopra
Scant meen ne
ranean ee aaa
1. The rd
il now {have tre to ase the econ ofthe governmental
‘Mtittne though a sala of ome sect an Formative ent
Tow turn lo intereet frmative een fom another peepee,
Iy'any ef ching te eolt ote dy ofthe aad. When thee
‘ew mary topes omer conning the goverment tation,
Ie inely ane major thre cnceraing the re. othe rasfornae
ion of tbe ater anogenna Arabian soit ino a complex ple]
smth sar of Uhm sal he el wr ay ally tho so
ivi yer Al estan thew eee ae openly ebro
In bce ncn they were pertinent to bth the portage ad
{Gecouticting dott ofthe abusaent ganerstine he Dele, 7:
pout debe pinipis ofdovelgmens, ao to comic deta 204
1. The enty nd membership ofthe community
he compos of Muar ator a he ime ideth cana,
Geto wth covet. The sk dion sate let nn
‘otal the Ara ena converted to lam the os 9/630 Mo
fin scholaeip sje thn trina ews tgs betes,
nono of commitment ene hy srt res ons
MbomsmadGevrly spon, argued Ut many f thea
Converts didnt ral coma Umer to am, bt aly had Pts
‘a agremeate th the Propet ‘Theapetny wate ve 2 0 fhe
oak thi agunet erate the allege abow atthe Pope,
reper rye retrey mg ery
{othe conestion btn te trudonal Main vow and he Que
‘ren of iat ath Thi sonscion lly etabisie oth
ha I
Ti Arabs waited wilh te dshon shat Ia tose what men
urea Quins ld tle and wat the Propt woul for Guryeh
‘ere te Toes, and Ue pope ofthe Hal Bouse, andthe pare of
“peng of Im so of Ts, pce be non thon Noone dnd
Bat 'hey were the lenders the Ary sl tha ty hed nile
{he opposition tothe Propet snd ke wer agai Kan Afr Macey
ha been conrad Garay ha ated to the Propet st to
Tom, the Arte few toa hy ha wo powet o fa geist em ot
‘pone a tay aceptedthe lion of ot, ou alter gop oe
ing toto Propet fom evotywhae, God had sid to His Prot:
rien you sne G's lp ad the vicery an you sre oon sceping
1h bot nin fc nota oun, bt asttement Hootie
some ior! rath, nal hat Qurayah wore he dere” But
the ar he tent se Qu ne wr that lnk pei Hata
Indication, Fora kao, the eres may er tcelogi tines
In oer word, In lays statement sow not ott genie ha
{ove infrman, bat rather e Qui exe‘ Ht sor
‘raion, namely dialed reperte abut Ube al ago hat eae
{othe Propel, thie negtntion with him and ther conveon oe
ther), do not mpor Tbe katate, When oiled at
Sly bee vepete show tht oly peo he Ava il gouge
Pom Til Sci o Coin Poliy, 205
pc cnr di th Prop’ Min Thay rn 0
Serr opal, Onto coke, re mal expen oes tba
cn es aru preg alle geen
pe ‘hss nt oly do the sources lack conversion reprts soak
© Facing» coke bewnen Ton Tata's geeral satemct andthe rl
| PES om teeing Scaled reper te cence ld eo
E7 e latters Ard for othe lalanic begetony fa omcernd it dee not
| See eo “pl inter mays he
= faumcnyn hewmen eg spe ne Jou 032
| fSttoncer cate ete penn eto tbe nde of
OF lori wnss Sony
Ghost incom te tne of Maa dh
{Bf behind him’ a community that bad x sense of its own being. and
‘Buty tpn epee offen, Tas b pve ye
| Sot Ab bbe niece compen, em, tree
[re various constituent. groupe,'*" the community understood thas in
[order to survive and safeguard its identity it needed central leadership.
ES) 7be abvence of such leadership meant disintegration and a reversal to.
Sc cunt Sine oe ey he
sai ote ae voc lane nr toe
ope emt dap Ab Bar sane
thts fom homme Thee meth whe id tre
th Matin oy te pln Msn eos
en ahs guetta, gy sone ha (ch
Siacajnt) nd bo ben coho a ig he Pe
‘rs erp ht ond that tnt of he tal
Seria anton cea son er we puto
{tty lambic ens pti hn sh ear et
in ea sarin Ng ero
Aifia"ecpebcot ay Sea 206 Fl Landa Tate
een the diferent pit view of hepsi inv. On th ene
ind there mee soup whorl to espe the ne leadership a
Pay the legal ale, but dd ot renounor Man; te who ha ne
on here were ches who alive i the called fe propels What
{I tee gupe ba in commen ne Ahi faa ost the Hen
‘ot make any auch distinctions, Comitmiat to Inlam could either be
lot ornonestert Ae far a the Muna were concerned, on a
tithe te fail member in he commit, which tladed cohen
the significance ofthe words atixibated ta AbN Bakr on the oocasiow of
‘of the ritual prayer and the paymeat of ala." Whacrer was nat on the
Shensuny' ace wa mies to ana Thon he Men
fought not only aga the oppantion to Abt Bake Dt ol ogaat
{poups tins ha bern nero foam The Maine nerve
Fit and nti confct biel a nothing odo wih Ta, the
The semen wan spleen sober eg rng the one
Fre ue Msi ave paonge tri une on Persian taste
fhe ty a oeal Arab ie, arMuthaans bah Tle calle
toting todo th am, but the Maine apeopit thar b
oven, ailing ttn thir own chu od he own Ja Desig
the cinqious the method served a elge the Abode aan. Dating
Ue auton war tamed feted the osndarn fthe nny
‘volved no option but to take side, either for o against Ila ‘Those
‘ho othe Meise de mediately othe neg athe co
the han Mie’ os Tat wp. (ay) 8,
‘Raat #3; Baar, Poy Thm Mabey Ri phone, pe
Sabre
00
Be he youe 101/090.” A exmindy sis coe welt
Balke Arab pti apes in rer to fly ein wat
fee oe them. ic ee contrary, a ‘the Can ‘obliges the ae me to
Fld ws lve by Hine (930, The Propo and Fhe Mle ae ot
Peto Mh he soni, bt thy afin mele to Het
entered the bg pty ye ty cle ten
_ ope asotng the lg of Go rou after rou then rae you
Sf [en ond wt fH veneer He meal" Ty Lecping th
1 fe wr ewan sered that tnt ofthe tes had bee converted
= dng tne Propet ine hee eppeion oe even nee
© Mebane ssn hat be npr par
‘Ae lara ane gd lm the Main editions, te oe
© [Palette ext the Carian Aes er xpath) Mare
Nujornad a Abt Bakr ha eg te region af the bdo
[he commanlty ws preguite for Weng s Mein at for mnber
fp nthe comma. Hance te ere that tgade the byt the
Props as antaroat oe comiatto God (4840), bo the
Xerdilonal tad towards the ssa spre oat, which omnes
Spano tothe slr wih eligi betel. This ide cae,
fh the Main community seeped the Sh pint of wow rguding
Spanien to th lt. Tho Shia red tt Ay Bak a ott
fade hi spponets ran the commun, ees ny wer hota
Ue, they mes fied to cop an thoy ober tan ‘AN
“Tha Spot of wow prone that rrognion the rer hae
toting todo with one rlgom conviction, wor wis tenerstip of
tse Rc lees a hn Aaah, Sar, 08 Be Lando Taser
Males Tse fsa ha dra al
Ta ia oa ad sa yc ates ae
iene doe ae ene corns
ih entcaten iy mcmama cme
Sol et een ope
CyB tenes se Testa ee atc
though ie war tha alternatives to
‘AN erged (alm al Zao tows), aswell he et ia of
‘lig poles idelge (te Sa and the Khaw).
‘Shrew patie and set Arab aie (ood revenge, teat no
ha er ad i i was, rang he
2/680 trough about swothar crisis, even thowgh he had kred to pro-
Set hy ninaing bison Vs eh appt. "he Maine were
aan engagl inn cl war (1 13/680-603) Ba Lando Testron
210
tina had nde Aaa mata on the tc ill wars we
frat by a ape enue ha hart Inthe Sati
($6-40/086- ta), loners otf snch of lomo, Tah and
{bag wen to inna Ab wo to Kl vst era sepont
