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Computing Environment (2101678586)

The document discusses different types of computing environments including distributed systems, network operating systems, client-server systems, peer-to-peer systems, and real-time embedded systems. A distributed system connects autonomous computers over a network to share resources and capabilities. A network operating system supports workstations and PCs on a local area network through features like printer sharing and file/application sharing. Client-server systems have servers that provide resources like storage, web pages, or email to client devices. Peer-to-peer systems allow files to be shared directly between connected computers without a central server. Real-time embedded systems monitor and control external environments in applications like vehicles, traffic control, and building management.

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252 views

Computing Environment (2101678586)

The document discusses different types of computing environments including distributed systems, network operating systems, client-server systems, peer-to-peer systems, and real-time embedded systems. A distributed system connects autonomous computers over a network to share resources and capabilities. A network operating system supports workstations and PCs on a local area network through features like printer sharing and file/application sharing. Client-server systems have servers that provide resources like storage, web pages, or email to client devices. Peer-to-peer systems allow files to be shared directly between connected computers without a central server. Real-time embedded systems monitor and control external environments in applications like vehicles, traffic control, and building management.

Uploaded by

ernest marcelino
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Ernest Marcelino 2101678586

Computing Environment
Distributed System: A distributed system is a network that consists of autonomous computers
that are connected using a distribution middleware. They help in sharing different resources and
capabilities to provide users with a single and integrated coherent network. There are some key
features to a distributed system, and those are:
-Components in the system are concurrent. A distributed system allows resource sharing,
including software by systems connected to the network at the same time.
-There can be multiple components, but they will generally be autonomous in nature.
-A global clock is not required in a distributed system. The systems can be spread across
different geographies.
-Compared to other network models, there is greater fault tolerance in a distributed model.
-Price/performance ratio is much better.

Network Operation System: A network operating system is a computer operating system


system’s that is designed primarily to support workstation, personal computer, and, in some
instances, older terminal that are connected on a local area network (LAN). A network operating
system provides printer sharing, common file system and database sharing, application sharing,
and the ability to manage a network name directory, security, and other housekeeping aspects of
a network.

Client Server System: The client-server model describes how a server provides resources and
services to one or more clients. Examples of servers include web servers, mail servers, and file
servers. Each of these servers provide resources to client devices, such as desktop computers,
laptops, tablets, and smartphones. Most servers have a one-to-many relationship with clients,
meaning a single server can provide resources to multiple clients at one time.
-File Server: a file server is a computer attached to a network that provides a location for shared
disk access, i.e. shared storage of computer files that can be accessed by the workstations that are
able to reach the computer that shares the access through a computer network.
-Client server: Client–server model is a distributed application structure that partitions tasks or
workloads between the providers of a resource or service, called servers, and service requesters,
called clients.

P-2-P System (Peer to peer): In a P2P network, the "peers" are computer systems which are
connected to each other via the Internet. Files can be shared directly between systems on the
network without the need of a central server. In other words, each computer on a P2P network
becomes a file server as well as a client.
Ernest Marcelino 2101678586

Realtime Embedded System: Real-time systems are computer systems that monitor, respond to,
or control an external environment. This environment is connected to the computer system
through sensors, actuators, and other input-output interfaces. It may consist of physical or
biological objects of any form and structure. Often humans are part of the connected external
world, but a wide range of other natural and artificial objects, as well as animals, are also
possible.
Example of a realtime embedded system:
-vehicle systems for automobiles, subways, aircraft, railways, and ships
-traffic control for highways, airspace, railway tracks, and shipping lanes
-telephone, radio, and satellite communications
-computer games
-building managers that control such entities as heat, lights, doors, and elevators

The word ‘Compute’ is used to refer to the process of converting information to data. The advent
of several new kinds of computers created need to have different computing environments.
These are the different kinds of computing environments:
-Personal Computing Environment: In the personal computing environment, there is a single
computer system. All the system processes are available on the computer and executed there.
The different devices that constitute a personal computing environment are laptops, mobiles,
printers, computer systems, scanners etc.
-Time Sharing Environment: The time-sharing computing environment allows multiple users
to share the system simultaneously. Each user is provided a time slice and the processor switches
rapidly among the users according to it. Because of this, each user believes that they are the only
ones using the system.
-Client/Server Environment: In client server computing, the client requests a resource and the
server provides that resource. A server may serve multiple clients at the same time while a client
is in contact with only one server. Both the client and server usually communicate via a
computer network but sometimes they may reside in the same system.
-Distributed Computing Environment: A distributed computing environment contains multiple
nodes that are physically separate but linked together using the network. All the nodes in this
system communicate with each other and handle processes in tandem. Each of these nodes
contains a small part of the distributed operating system software.

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