kN

S5 - One Short Edge Basic Floor Area = 1.9

m2
Discontinuous(2nd Floor and 3rd Floor)
kN
Corridors above ground floor = 2.0
m2
kN
Partitions and Interior walls = 0.2
m2
Clear covering = 20 mm

Assume tension controlled

Ф = 0.9

β = 0.85

L 5
= =1.25<2
s 4
Design Constants: ∴ two way slab
kN Minimum thickness of slab:
fc’ = 20.7
m2
where:
kN
fy = 276 ∝ = ratio of flexural stiffness of beam to flexural
m2
stiffness of a width of slab bounded laterally by
kN centre lines of adjacent panels (if any) on each
Wc = 23.6 3
m side of the beam

Dead Load Ecb and Ecs: concrete modulus of elasticity of

beam and slab that is usually the same
Ceiling Ib and Is: Moment of inertia of beam and slab
respectively.
kN
Susp. Steel channel system = 0.10
m2 Assumet=125 mm
kN ∝fm=average value of ∝ for all beams on edges of a panel
Gypsum Board(20mm) = 0.16
m2
Eeb I b
kN α=
Floor Finishes = 1.10 2 Ees I s
m
kN For Short Span
Concrete Masonry Unit = 3.5
m2 1
α 1=(4700 √ 20.7)( )(0.3) ¿ ¿
Live Load 12
α 1=2.4576 5(1000) 276
h= [0.8+ ]
36 +9(1.25) 1400

h=105.52mm say 120mm

For Long Span

d
125 mm
1
α 1=(4700 √ 20.7)( )(0.3) ¿ ¿
12
20 mm

α 1=1.966

2.4576+1.966 Assuming 12 mm φ bar

α fm=
2 d=120−20−6
α fm=2.2118 d¿ 94 mm

α fm >2.0 Load Combination

NSCP (Formula 409-12) Considering 1 meter strip

ln fy SELFWEIGHT
h= [0.8+ ]
36 +9 β 1400 DL=( 0.120) ( 1 ) (23.6)
but not less than 90 mm DL=2.84 kN /m
where: kN kN kN kN kN
DL=0.10 2
+ 0.16 2 +1.10 2 +3.5 2 =4.86 2
m m m m m
l n = length of clear span in long direction of two-
way slab kN kN kN
Total Dead-Load = 2.84 +4.86 =7.7
m m m
Where β = ratio of clear spans in long-to-short
kN kN kN
direction of two-way slabs ¿=1.9 2
( 1 m ) +2.0 2 +0.2 2
m m m
ln fy
h= [0.8+ ] kN
36 +9 β 1400 ¿=4.1
m
5
β= W u =1.2 DL+ 1.6≪¿
4
W u =1.2 ( 7.7 )+1.6 (4.1)
β=1.25
kN
ln fy W u =15.8
h= [0.8+ ] m
36 +9 β 1400
Moment Coefficient
 s 4 + M aDL =3.58 kN . m
m¿ l = 5 =0.8
+ M aLL =0.042(4.1)¿
Calculation of Negative Moments At
Continuous End + M aLL =2.76 kN . m

+ M aT =2.76 kN . m+3.58 kN .m

+ M aT =6.34 kN . m
@ 4m

−M a=−C a W u La2

−C a=0.071
Along long direction
kN
W u =15.8
m + M bDL =0.010 (7.7 ) ¿

La=4 m + M bDL =1.93 kN .m

kN + M bLL =0.017 ( 4.1 ) ¿
−M a=( 0.075 )( 4 )2 (15.8 )
m
+ M bLL =1.87 kN . m
−M a=18.96 kN .m

@ 5m + M bT =1.93 kN . m+1.87 kN . m

−C b=0.017 + M bT =3.80 kN . m

−M b=−C b w u Lb2 Negative moments at discontinuous

−M b=0.017(15.8)¿ edges equal 1/3 of positive moment

+Ma
−M b=6.72 kN . m −M a=
3
Positive Moments
6.34 kN . m
−M a=
Dead Load Live Load 3
Short Span (Ca) 0.029 0.042
Long Span (Cb) 0.010 0.017 −M a=2.12 kN . m

+Mb
−M b=
Along short direction 3

+ Ma DL =(+Ca DL )(W DL )( La)2 3.80 kN . m

−M b=
3
+ M aDL =0.029(7.7) ¿
−M b=1.27 kN .m
 ρ=0.003

Computation of ρmin

√ f c'
ρmin =
4 fy

20.7
ρmin = √
4 (276 )

ρmin =0.00412

1.4
ρmin =
fy

1.4
Computation of spacing of re-bars ρmin =
276
Along short direction ρmin =0.00507
1. Mid-Span Use ρmin = 0.00507

+ M a=∅ b d2 Rn 0.3643 βf c'

ρmax =
fy
d=120mm−20 mm−6 mm
0.3643(0.85)(20.7)
d = 94 mm ρmax =
276
6.34 kN .m ¿
ρmax ¿ 0.023
Rn =0.80
ρ< ρ min < ρmax
2.37( Rn )

ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
fc '
∴Use ρ = ρmin = 0.00507

A s=ρbd

2.37(0.80) A s=0.00507(1000)( 94)

ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
20.7
A s=476.58 mm 2

ω=0.040 Use 12 mm Ф bar

ρfy A1 ×1000
ω= S=
f c' As

ρ ( 276 )
0.040=
20.7
 π (122) ρ=0.0095< ρmin
× 1000
4
S= ∴Use ρ = 0.0095
476.58 mm2
A s=ρbd
S=237.31mm

Say S=200 mmO . C . A s=0.0095(1000)(94 )

Check spacing: A s=893.00 mm2

max s = 3t Using 12 mm Ф bar as reinforcement

max s = 3(120) A1 ×1000

S=
As
max s¿ 360 mm>200 mm

∴ ok ! π (12)2
× 1000
4
S=
893.00mm 2

S=126.65mm

Say S=100 mmO . C .

2. Continuous Edge

−M a=∅ b d 2 Rn
Check spacing of rebars
(18.96 kN . m)¿
max s = 3t
Rn =2.39
max s = 3(120)
2.37( Rn )

ω=
√
1− 1−
1.18
fc ' max s¿ 360 mm>100 mm

∴ ok !
2.37(2.39)
ω= √
1− 1−
1.18
20.7
3. Discontinuous Edge

Use 3 times the spacing of mid-span (moment is

only 1/3 of mid-span)
ω=0.126
S=3(220)
ρfy
ω= '
fc S=660 mm

ρ ( 276 ) Check spacing:

0.126=
20.7
 Max S = lesser of 2t and 450mm 1. Mid-Span

2t = 2(120) = 240 mm + M b=∅ b d2 Rn

∴Max S = 240 mm d=120−20−12−6
450 mm> 240 mm d=82mm
∴ Use S=250 mm O. C . 3.80 kN . m¿

Rn =0.628

2.37( Rn )

ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
fc '

2.37(0.628)
Assume steel yields:
ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
20.7

Asfy
a=
0.85 fc ’ b ω=0.0311

476.58 mm2 (276) ρfy

a= ω=
0.85(20.7)(1000) f c'

a=7.48 mm ρ ( 276 )
0.0311=
20.7
a=βc
ρ=0.00234< ρ min
7.48 mm=0.85 c
∴Use ρ = ρmin = 0.00507
c=8.8 mm
A s=ρbd
Check strain
A s=0.00507(1000)(84 )
∈t 0.003
=
94 mm−8.8 mm 8.8 mm
A s=425.88 mm 2
ϵt =0.0291>0.00276
Use 12 mm Ф bar
ϵt > ϵy ( steel yields )
A1 ×1000
S=
ϵt > 0.005 ( tension controls ) As

∴ assumptions are correct π (122)

× 1000
4
Along long direction S=
425.88 mm2
S=265.56 mm Use 12 mm Ф bar

Say S=250 mmO . C . A1 ×1000

S=
As
Check spacing of rebars

max s = 3t π (122)
× 1000
4
S=
max s = 3(120) 425.88 mm2
max s¿ 360 mm > 250 mm S=265.56 mm
∴ ok ! Say S=250 mmO . C .

2. Continuous Edge Check spacing of rebars

−M b=∅ b d 2 Rn max s = 3t

6.72 kN . m¿ max s = 3(120)

Rn =1.11 max s¿ 360 mm > 250 mm

∴ ok !
2.37( Rn )

ω=
1− 1−
1.18
√
fc ' 3. Discontinuous Edge

Use 3 times the spacing of midspan (moment is

2.37(1.11)
ω=
1− 1−
1.18
√
20.7
only 1/3 of midspan)

S=3(250 mm)

ω=0.0567 S=750mm

ρfy Check spacing:

ω=
f c' Max S = lesser of 2t and 450mm
ρ ( 276 ) 2t = 2(120) = 240 mm
0.0567=
20.7
∴Max S = 240 mm
ρ=0.0043< ρmin
450 mm> 250 mm
∴Use ρ = 0.00507
∴ Use S=250 mm O. C .
A s=ρbd

A s=0.00507(1000)(84 )

A s=425.88 mm 2
Assume steel yields:

Asfy
a=
0.85 fc ’ b

425.88(276)
a=
0.85(20.7)(1000)

a=6.68 mm

a=βc Design Constants:

6.68=0.85 c kN
fc’ = 20.7
m2
c=7.86 mm
kN
Check strain fy = 276
m2
∈t 0.003
= kN
84 mm−7.86 mm 7.86 mm Wc = 23.6
m3
ϵt =0.0291
Dead Load
ϵt > ϵy ( steel yields )
Ceiling
ϵt > 0.005 ( tension controls ) kN
Susp. Steel channel system = 0.10
∴ assumptions are correct m2
kN
Gypsum Board(20mm) = 0.16
m2
kN
Floor Finishes = 1.10
m2
kN
Concrete Masonry Unit = 3.5
m2
S6 -Two Adjacent Edges Live Load
Discontinuous (3rd Floor and 2n Basic Floor Area = 1.9
kN
Floor) m2
 kN where:
Corridors above ground floor = 2.0
m2
l n = length of clear span in long direction of two-
kN way slab
Partitions and Interior walls = 0.2 2
m
Where β = ratio of clear spans in long-to-short
Clear covering = 20 mm direction of two-way slabs

Assume tension controlled ln fy

h= [0.8+ ]
Ф = 0.9 36 +9 β 1400

5
β = 0.85 β=
4
Assumet=125 mm
β=1.25
∝fm=average value of ∝ for all beams on edges of a panel
5(1000) 276
h= [0.8+ ]
Eeb I b 36 +9(1.25) 1400
α=
Ees I s
h=105.52mm say 120mm
For Short Span
for uniformity of slab
1
α 1=(4700 √ 20.7)( )(0.3) ¿ ¿
12

α 1=2.4576 d
120 mm

For Long Span 20 mm

1 Assuming 12 mm φ bar
α 1=(4700 √ 20.7)( )(0.3) ¿ ¿
12
d=120mm−20 mm−6 mm
α 1=1.966
d¿ 94 mm
2.4576+1.966
α fm= Load Combination
2
Considering 1 meter strip
α fm=2.2118
SELFWEIGHT
α fm >2.0
DL=( 0.120) ( 1 ) (23.6)
NSCP (Formula 409-12)
DL=2.84 kN /m
ln fy
h= [0.8+ ] kN kN kN kN kN
36 +9 β 1400 DL=0.10 2
+ 0.16 2 +1.10 2 +3.5 2 =4.86 2
m m m m m
but not less than 90 mm
 kN kN kN Positive Moments
Total Dead-Load = 2.84 +4.86 =7.7
m m m
Dead Load Live Load
kN kN kN Short Span (Ca) 0.039 0.048
¿=1.9 2 ( 1 m ) +2.0 2 +0.2 2
m m m Long Span (Cb) 0.016 0.020

kN
¿=4.1
m Along short direction

W u =1.2 DL+ 1.6≪¿ + Ma DL =(+Ca DL )(W DL )( La)2

W u =1.2 ( 7.7 )+1.6 (4.1) + M aDL =0.039(7.7) ¿
kN + M aDL =4.81 kN . m
W u =15.8
m
+ M aLL =0.048( 4.1)¿
Calculation of Negative Moments At
Continuous End + M aLL =3.15 kN . m
@ 4m
+ M aT =4.81 kN . m+ 3.15 kN .m
2
−M a=−C a W u La
+ M aT =7.96 kN . m
−C a=0.071
Along long direction
kN
W u =15.8
m + M bDL =0.016 ( 7.7 ) ¿

La=4 m + M bDL =3.08 kN .m

kN
−M a=( 0.071 )( 4 )2 (15.8 ) + M bLL =0.020 ( 4.1 ) ¿
m
−M a=17.95 kN . m + M bLL =2.05 kN . m

@ 5m + M bT =3.08 kN . m+2.05 kN . m

−C b=0.029 + M bT =5.13 kN . m

kN Negative moments at discontinuous

W u =15.8
m
edges equal 1/3 of positive moment
La=5 m
+Ma
−M b=−C b w u Lb 2 −M a=
3

−M b=0.029(15.8)¿ 7.96 kN . m
−M a=
3
−M b=11.46 kN . m
−M a=2.66 kN .m
 +Mb √ f c'
−M b= ρmin =
3 4 fy

5.13 kN . m 20.7
−M b=
3 ρmin = √
4 (276 )
−M b=1.71 kN . m ρmin =0.00412

1.4
ρmin =
fy
Computation of spacing of Rebars
1.4
Along short direction ρmin =
276

1. Mid-Span ρmin =0.00507

+ M a=∅ b d2 Rn Use ρmin = 0.00507

d=120mm−20 mm−6 mm 0.3643 βf c'

ρmax =
fy
d = 94 mm
0.3643(0.85)(20.7)
7.96 kN . m¿ ρmax =
276
Rn =1.000 ρmax ¿ 0.023

2.37( Rn )

ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
fc '
ρ< ρ min < ρmax

∴Use ρ = ρmin = 0.00507

2.37(1.00) A s=ρbd

ω=
1− 1−
1.18
√
20.7
A s=0.00507(1000)( 94)

ω=0.0500 A s=476.58 mm 2

ρfy Use 12 mm Ф bar

ω=
f c' A1 ×1000
S=
ρ ( 276 ) As
0.0500=
20.7
π (122)
× 1000
ρ=0.00375 4
S=
476.58 mm2
Computation of ρmin
S=237.31mm
Say S=200 mmO . C . A1 ×1000
S=
As
Check spacing:

max s = 3t π (12)2
× 1000
4
S=
max s = 3(120) 1034.00 mm 2
max s¿ 360 mm>200 mm S=109.38mm
∴ ok ! Say S=100 mmO . C .

2. Continuous Edge Check spacing of rebars

−M a=∅ b d 2 Rn max s = 3t

max s = 3(120)
(17.95 kN . m)¿
max s¿ 360 mm>100 mm
Rn =2.56
∴ ok !
2.37( Rn )

ω=
1− 1−
1.18
√
fc ' 3. Discontinuous Edge
Use 3 times the spacing of midspan (moment is
2.37(2.56) only 1/3 of midspan)

ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
20.7
S=3(200)

ω=0.1349 S=600 mm

ρfy Check spacing:

ω=
f c' Max S = lesser of 2t and 450mm

ρ ( 276 ) 2t = 2(120) = 240 mm

0.1349=
20.7
∴Max S = 240 mm
ρ=0.011> ρmin
450> 240
∴Use ρ = 0.011
∴ Use S=240 mm O. C .
A s=ρbd

A s=0.011(1000)(94)

A s=1034.00 mm2

Using 12 mm Ф bar
 5.13 kN . m¿

Rn =0.85

2.37( Rn )

Assume steel yields:

ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
fc '

Asfy 2.37(0.85)
a=
0.85 fc ’ b
ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
20.7
476.58 mm(276)
a=
0.85(20.7)(1000) ω=0.0423
a=7.48 mm ρfy
ω=
a=βc f c'

7.48 mm=0.85 c ρ ( 276 )

0.0423=
20.7
c=8.80 mm
ρ=0.0032< ρmin

∴Use ρ = ρmin = 0.00507

Check strain

∈t 0.003
=
94 mm−8.80 mm 8.80 mm A s=ρbd

ϵt =0.0291>0.00276 A s=0.00507(1000)(82)

ϵt > ϵy ( steel yields ) A s=415.74 mm2

ϵt > 0.005 ( tension controls ) Use 12 mm Ф bar

∴ assumptions are correct A1 ×1000

S=
As
Along long direction
π (122)
1. Mid-Span × 1000
4
S=
+ M b=∅ b d2 Rn 415.74 mm2

S=272.04 mm
d=120mm−20 mm−12mm−6 mm
Say S=250 mmO . C .
d=82mm
Check spacing of rebars A1 ×1000
S=
As
max s = 3t

max s = 3(120) π (12)2

× 1000
4
S=
max s¿ 360 mm<250 mm 600.24 mm2
∴ ok ! S=188.42mm

2. Continuous Edge Say S=150 mmO . C .

−M b=∅ b d 2 Rn Check spacing of rebars

max s = 3t
11.46 kN .m ¿
max s = 3(120)
Rn =1.894
max s¿ 360 mm<150 mm
2.37( Rn )

ω=
1− 1−
1.18
√
fc ' ∴ ok !

3. Discontinuous Edge
2.37(1.894)
ω=
1− 1−
√ 1.18
20.7 Use 3 times the spacing of midspan (moment is
only 1/3 of midspan)

ω=0.0975 S=3(250)

ρfy S=750mm
ω=
f c' Check spacing:
ρ ( 276 ) Max S = lesser of 2t and 450mm
0.0975=
20.7
2t = 2(120) = 240 mm
ρ=0.00732< ρmin
∴Max S = 240 mm
∴Use ρ = 0.00732
450 mm> 240 mm
A s=ρbd
 Use 250 mm
A s=0.00732(1000)(82)

A s=600.24 mm 2

Using 12 mm Ф bar
Assume steel yields:

Asfy
a=
0.85 fc ’ b

415.74(276)
a=
0.85(20.7)(1000)

a=6.52 mm

a=βc

6.52 mm=0.85 c

c=7.68 mm

Check strain

∈t 0.003
=
82 mm−7.68 mm 7.68 mm

ϵt =0.0291

ϵt > ϵy ( steel yields )

ϵt > 0.005 ( tension controls )

∴ assumptions are correct