2 HRM a ee oman Docs > SAPIENCE " ° = s fains | @Bhopal (xwons) @Sagar @Gwalior @ Kanpur CLASSIFICATION & PROPERTIES OF VOLATILE OILS Introduction ‘These are odorous volatile principles from plant and animal sources. ‘They differ entirely in both chemical and physical properties from fixed oils. With the exception of oils such as oll of bitter almonds, which are produced by the hydrolysis of glycosides, these oils are contained largely as such in the plant. They are secreted in oil ces, in secretion ducts (Schizo-lysigenous ~ Eg. Clove Oil) or Cells (Vittae) Eg. All umbelliferae Family fruits or in glandular hairs. Composition of volatile oils With the exception of oils derived from glycosides (e.g. bitter almond oil and mustard oil) volatile oils, are generally mixtures of hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds derived from these hydrocarbons. These oils are terpenoid [Isoprene (-C5H8) derivatives] in origin or their Oxygenated compounds. Classification of Terpenes ‘Value of ‘n’ Class Molecular formula Hemiterpene or isoprene CH Monoterpenes or terpenes Cre Sesquiterpenes CisFhs Diterpenes Cutis Sesterterpenes Hy Triterpenes CuFiey Tetraterpenes Cable Polyterpenes (Hi & 1 - @} Download Our App from > Google Play © SAPIENCE Like us on subserbeuson (EB YouTube Kércup ia ara For more queries visit us at: www.pharmasapience.comHe A R M we @ Delhi (South) @ Delhi (East) @ Chandigarh — @ Nagpur @ Raipur @ indore — @Bhopal iweneesr) @ Bhopal we) @Bhopal jens @Sagar — @Gwalior @ Kanpur > The evaporate in room temperature and hence are also called “Ethereal oils “ > These are soluble in organic nonpolar solvent > Lighter than water. > Optically active in nature ils Volatile oils are mainly extracted by following methods Steam distillation - It is the most common method used for extraction of volatile oils Enfleurage Method - It is only used for extraction of volatile oils from flowers Ecuelle Method - This method is only used for extraction of volatile oils from citrus fruits. this method uses mechanical grinding of cells containing volatile oils in fruits. Supercritical fluid extraction - In this method liquid carbon dioxide is used and the process is carried out under extreme pressure conditions Classification Of Volatile Oils Based On Type of Functional group Phenol Volatile Oils - Clove, Thyme, Creosote Alcohol Volatile Oils - Peppermint, Cardamom, Coriander, Orange, Rose, Sandalwood Aldehyde Volatile Oils - Cinnamon, Lemon Peel, Orange Peel, Citronella Oil, Lemongrass Oil, Bitter Almond Ester Volatile Oils - Gaultheria, Lavender, Mustard Hydrocarbon Volatile Oils - Turpentine, Black Pepper Ketone Volatile Oils - Caraway, Spearmint, Buchu, Camphor, Musk, Civet Oxide Volatile Oils - Chenopodium, Eucalyptus S i 7 © Download Our App from > Gongerey re < SAPIENCE Like us on subserbeuson (EB YouTube ‘A brup of Best Phorma For more queries visit us at: www.pharmasapience.com2 HRM a ee oman Docs > SAPIENCE " ° = s @Bhopal iereny) @Sagar —- @Gwalior @ Kanpur Based On Type of Terpenes Class Isoprene Units Examples ‘Canphor, eucalyptol, geraniol, lavandulol, ee 7 limonene, menthol, pinene, thymol Abscisic acid, bergamotene, cedrol, curcumene, patchoulol, vetivone Abietic acid, cafestol, caffeal, carnosol, gibberellin, phytol Betulinic acid, morolic acid, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, brassinosteroids, saponins Carotenoids (e.g., a-carotene, f-carotene, crocin, Tetraterpene licopene) and xanthophylls (e.g. lutein, zeaxanthir Sesquiiterpene Diterpene ‘Triterpene Chemical Tests Of Volatile Oils > Volatile oils give RED colour with all of the following reagents © Alcoholic SUDAN Ill Tincture Alkane Chloroform and Sulfuric Acid (Firstly ¥@ll8W Colour Appears Which Finally Changes to Red) Snel2 in Soci S i 7 ©} Download Our App from > Google Play re © SAPIENCE Like us on subserbeuson (EB YouTube 2 Kércup ia ara For more queries visit us at: www.pharmasapience.com