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Modeling and Simulation of Discrete Event Systems

This document discusses modeling and simulation of discrete event systems. It defines key concepts like systems, entities, attributes, activities, and states. It notes that most operational models are dynamic, stochastic, and discrete, known as discrete-event simulation models. The document outlines advantages of simulation like studying systems in design without disrupting real operations, and abilities to test hypotheses, compress/expand time, and answer what-if questions. It also lists disadvantages like requiring special training, difficulty interpreting results, and simulations being time-consuming and expensive.

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sar1988
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54 views

Modeling and Simulation of Discrete Event Systems

This document discusses modeling and simulation of discrete event systems. It defines key concepts like systems, entities, attributes, activities, and states. It notes that most operational models are dynamic, stochastic, and discrete, known as discrete-event simulation models. The document outlines advantages of simulation like studying systems in design without disrupting real operations, and abilities to test hypotheses, compress/expand time, and answer what-if questions. It also lists disadvantages like requiring special training, difficulty interpreting results, and simulations being time-consuming and expensive.

Uploaded by

sar1988
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Modeling and Simulation of Discrete Event Systems

Concept of System, Model and Simulation

Dr Pradeep K. Jha
MIED, IIT Roorkee

1
System
System: A collection of entities (people, parts, messages,
machines, servers, …) that act and interact together
toward some end (Schmidt and Taylor, 1970)
– depends on objectives of study
– boundaries (physical and logical) of the system
– level of detail
– entity, attribute, activity

2
• Entity: Object of interest in system
• Attribute: Property of an entity
• Activity: Any process causing changes in system
• State of a system: Collection of variables and their
values necessary to describe the system at that time
– depend on desired objectives, output performance
measures
– Eg. Bank model: Could include number of busy tellers, time
of arrival of each customer, etc.
• System environment: Constituted by external
components interacting with system and producing
necessary changes
3
Types of System
– Discrete: State variables change instantaneously at
separated points in time
• Bank model: State changes occur only when a
customer arrives or departs
– Continuous: State variables change continuously as a
function of time
• Airplane flight: State variables like position, velocity
change continuously
• Many systems are partly discrete, partly continuous

4
Different ways to study a system
Classification of simulation
models
Static vs. dynamic
Deterministic vs.
stochastic
Continuous vs. discrete
Most operational models are
dynamic, stochastic, and
discrete – will be called
discrete-event simulation
models

5
Classification of simulation models
– Static vs. dynamic

– Deterministic vs. stochastic

– Continuous vs. discrete

• Most operational models are dynamic, stochastic, and


discrete – known as discrete-event simulation models

6
Advantages of simulation
– can even be used to study systems in the design
stage.
– New policies, operating procedures, decision rules,
information flow, etc can be explored without
disrupting the ongoing operations of the real system.
– New hardware designs, physical layouts,
transportation systems can be tested without
committing resources for their acquisition.

7
– Hypotheses about how or why certain phenomena
occur can be tested for feasibility.
– Time can be compressed or expanded allowing
for a speedup or slowdown of the phenomena
under investigation.
– Insight can be obtained about the interaction of
variables.
– Insight can be obtained about the importance of
variables to the performance of the system.
– what-if questions can be answered. Useful in the
design of new systems.
8
Disadvantages of simulation
– Model building requires special training.

– Simulation results may be difficult to interpret.

– Simulation modeling and analysis can be time


consuming and expensive.

– Simulation is used in some cases when an


analytical solution is possible or even preferable.
9
Thanks

10

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