REGENCY POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE, INC.

Prk. Spring, Brgy. Morales, Koronadal City, 9506 South Cotabato

COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE

COURSE MODULE

LEA 221
COMPARATIVE POLICE SYSTEM

Prepared by: Jasper Jim A. Langreo, RCrim Verified by: Dept. Head of BS Criminology
Date Prepared: June 8, 2020 Approved by: VPAA / ADM / President
 Course Syllabus

Instructor: Jasper Jim A. Langreo, RCrim

E-mail Account: [email protected]
Contact No.: 0966-691-9658

MISSION:
Enhance the quality in maritime education and competence training of maritime
officers and ratings through Outcomes Based Education (OBE) system. Inculcate
the same quality and training in other programs of study provided by the
institution.

VISION:
The Maritime Higher Educational Institution (MHEI) recognized in Southern
Mindanao consistently providing quality education and training in maritime
education and other recognized programs of study.

OBJECTIVES:
1. Provide the maritime industry marine officers and ratings that are proficient in
their profession;
2. Implement the highest quality standards in education and training through
Outcomes-Based Education system at all levels of education;
3. Maintain the protected academic ideals engraved in our system and promote
advancement in research and learning for intellectual growth;
4. Ensure the continuing performance of the objectives is achieved.

PROGRAM: BS Criminology
PROGRAM OUTCOME:
The program aims to produce professionals that will be a beacon of discipline,
intelligence, morality and dignity in the society. Professionals who are capable of
performing their duties without tampering the veins of justice in the process. In
the development of the program, with the aid of modern technology, the students

Prepared by: Jasper Jim A. Langreo, RCrim Verified by: Dept. Head of BS Criminology
Date Prepared: June 8, 2020 Approved by: VPAA / ADM / President
 are immersed into the scientific method of doing criminal investigation and
solving problems.

COURSE DESCRIPTION: LEA 221 (Comparative Police Systems) 3 units

General Description:
The course deals with comparative police system. The subject deals different
police systems, the transnational crimes, the globalization of law enforcement,
different international and bilateral policing organization, and different general
ranks of national police agencies.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES:

1. Demonstrate understanding about the Comparative Police System.
2. Differentiate different police systems.
3. Identify different transnational crimes.
4. Understand the role and significance of globalization of law enforcement.
5. Understand different international and bilateral policing organizations.
6. Familiarize different general ranks of national police agencies.

COURSE STRUCTURE:
This course is conducted entirely on modular learning setting.

COURSE REQUIREMENTS:

 Course Module Book

COURSE PROJECT POLICY:

Due Dates: Every Monday. Late submission will have deductions to their points.
Weekly Project: Announcement of Project of the Week will be announced every
Friday of the week and the students will be given two days (Saturday & Sunday)
to finish their project. Weekly Project will be collected every Monday. Projects
may either submitted individually, by pair or by group depending on the task

Prepared by: Jasper Jim A. Langreo, RCrim Verified by: Dept. Head of BS Criminology
Date Prepared: June 8, 2020 Approved by: VPAA / ADM / President
 given by the instructor. Duplication of projects or copying from others will never
be accepted.

GRADING CRITERIA:
Quizzes…………………………………………………………………… 30%
Quizzes will be announced ahead of time to prepare students to review and study
the lesson. Quizzes are administered during meet-up schedule or through online.
Project…………………………………………………………………….. 30%
Each week, students will be required to submit weekly papers (such as reflection
or term paper). The content of weekly paper will be consist of lessons discussed
for a week. Projects may either be passed individually, by pair or group.
Examination………………………………………………………………. 40%
The coverage of examination will be announced ahead of time. The teacher will
provide pointers or conduct review prior to the examination.
TOTAL……………………………………………………………………. 100%
Grades Announcement: Grades will be announced to the students three to five
(3-5) days after the examination. Grades will be noted at the upper part of the last
page of each module.

COURSE DEADLINE & EXTENSION POLICY:

The course will end at the conclusion of the summer class. Any extensions in
terms of submission of requirements or late examination are subject for changes
as agreed by the instructor.

Prepared by: Jasper Jim A. Langreo, RCrim Verified by: Dept. Head of BS Criminology
Date Prepared: June 8, 2020 Approved by: VPAA / ADM / President
 Course Schedule

MODULE 1: Week 1 – Week 3

Comparative Police System and Police Models

Week I Comparative Police System

1.1 Introduction
1.2. The Changing Role and Nature of the Police
1.3 Globalization
Week II Transnational Crimes
2.1 Terrorism
2.2 Drug Trafficking
2.3 Money Laundering
2.4 Human Trafficking
2.5 Cyber Crimes
Week III Selected Police Models
3.1 American (US) Police System
3.2 Australian Police System
3.3 Switzerland Police System
3.4 Japan Police System
3.5 Egypt Police System
3.6 Programs of Select Police Models
3.7 Application to the Philippine Settings

MODULE 2: Week 4 – Week 6

Globalization of Police System

Prepared by: Jasper Jim A. Langreo, RCrim Verified by: Dept. Head of BS Criminology
Date Prepared: June 8, 2020 Approved by: VPAA / ADM / President
Week IV Globalization of Law Enforcement
4.1 Philippine Center on Transnational Crime
4.2 ASEANAPOL
4.3 INTERPOL
4.4 EUROPOL
Week V The United Nations Peacekeeping
5.1 UN Peacekeeping Mission
5.2 Participation of PNP in UN Peacekeeping
5.3 The UN Convention against Transnational Crime
Week VI General Ranks Comparison of National Police Agencies
6.1 Philippines
6.2 Australia
6.3 Bahrain
6.4 Bangladesh
6.5 Belgium
6.6 Bhutan
6.7 Brazil
6.8 Canada
6.9 Chile
6.10 France
6.11 Hong Kong
6.12 India
6.13 Iran
6.14 Japan
6.15 Malaysia
6.16 Netherlands
6.17 Spain
6.18 Thailand
6.19 Vietnam

Prepared by: Jasper Jim A. Langreo, RCrim Verified by: Dept. Head of BS Criminology
Date Prepared: June 8, 2020 Approved by: VPAA / ADM / President
REFERENCES:
Boister, N. (2003). "Transnational Criminal Law?". European Journal of International
Law. doi:10.1093/ejil/14.5.953.
Bureau of Justice Assistance (1994). Understanding Community Policing. Retrieved from
https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles/commp.pdf
Durmaz, H., et al. (2007). Understanding and Responding to Terrorism. Amsterdam: IOS
Press.
Philippine National Police Human Rights Affair Office (2009). PNP Guidebook on
Human Rights-Based Policing. Retrieved from
http://pnp.gov.ph/images/Manuals_and_ Guides/PNP-Guide-on-Human-based-
Policing.pdf
State University of New York (2020). What is Globalization? Retrieved from
https://www.globalization101.org/what-is-globalization/
Supreme Court of Japan (2005). "Who will conduct the investigation?"
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2004). United Nations Convention against
Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols Thereto. Retrieved from
https://www.unodc.org/documents/middleeastandnorthafrica/organised-
crime/UNITED_NATIONS_CONVENTION_AGAINST_TRANSNATIONAL_
ORGANIZED_CRIME_AND_THE_PROTOCOLS_THERETO.pdf
Varghese, J. (2012). Police Structure: A Comparative Study of Policing Models.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1605290
Wikipedia contributors (n.d.) “Police Rank”. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
Retrieved June 1, 2020 from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_rank

Prepared by: Jasper Jim A. Langreo, RCrim Verified by: Dept. Head of BS Criminology
Date Prepared: June 8, 2020 Approved by: VPAA / ADM / President
 MODULE I: WEEK 1-3
COMPARATIVE POLICE SYSTEM AND POLICE MODELS

I. Comparative Police System

1.1 Introduction

COMPARATIVE POLICE SYSTEM

 It is the process of outlining the similarities and differences of one police system to
another in order to discover insights in the field of international policing.
 It covers the different transnational crimes, its nature and effects as well as the
organization of the law enforcement set-up in the Philippines and its comparison of
selected police models and their relation with ASEANPOL, INTERPOL and UN
bodies in the campaign against transnational crimes and in promotion of world peace.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Comparative ► denotes the degree or grade by which a person, thing, or other entity has
a property or quality greater or less in extent that that of other.
Police ► a police service is a public force empowered to enforce the law and to ensure
public and social order through the legitimized use of force. The term is most commonly
associated with police services of a state that are authorized to exercise the police power
of that state within a defined legal or territorial area of responsibility. The word comes
via French policier, from Latin politia which means ‘civil administration’, from ancient
Latin polis which means ‘city’.
System ► the combination of parts in the whole; orderly arrangement according to some
law; collection of rules and principles in science or art.

Prepared by: Jasper Jim A. Langreo, RCrim Verified by: Dept. Head of BS Criminology
Date Prepared: June 8, 2020 Approved by: VPAA / ADM / President
POLICING

 Policing is one of the most important of the functions undertaken by the every
sovereign government. For the state machinery, police is an inevitable organ which
would ensure maintenance of law and order, and also the first link in the criminal
justice system. On the other hand, for common man, police force is a symbol of brute
force of authority and at the same time, the protector from crime.
 Police men get a corporate identity from the uniform they wear; the common man
identifies, distinguishes and awes him on account of the same uniform.
 The police systems across the world have developed on a socio cultural background,
and for this reason alone huge differences exist between these police systems.

TWO PRINCIPLE OF POLICING (Varghese, 2010)

1. Policing by consent
2. Policing by law

THREE PRACTICAL REASONS we should compare systems of and issue in criminal

justice:
 to benefit from experience of others
 to broaden our understanding of different cultures and approaches to problems
 to help us deal with many transnational crime problems that plague our world today

1.2 The Changing Role and Nature of the Police

THE ROLE OF THE POLICE

Prepared by: Jasper Jim A. Langreo, RCrim Verified by: Dept. Head of BS Criminology
Date Prepared: June 8, 2020 Approved by: VPAA / ADM / President
The primary law enforcement body of the state is the police. The basic police mission –
preserving order by enforcing rules of conduct or laws – was the same in the ancient
communities as it is today in sophisticated and highly urbanized societies.

FUNDAMENTAL FUNCTION

This first component of the Criminal Justice System in the Philippine setting is
responsible in performing these fundamental functions:
 Prevention of crime and suppression of criminal activities
 Preservation of peace and order
 Protection of life and property
 Enforcement of laws and ordinances
 Regulation of non-criminal conduct
 Investigation of crimes
 Apprehension of criminals
 Safeguarding of citizens’ right and public morals

THREE STYLES OF POLICING (James Q. Wilson)

1. Legalistic: an emphasis on violations of law, and the use of threats or actual arrests to
solve disputes.
2. Watchman: an emphasis on informal means of resolving disputes.
3. Service: an emphasis on helping the community, as opposed to enforcing the law.

THE NEED FOR COMPARISON

 Theories and Practices in law enforcement have been compared in several studies
under diverse circumstances.
 The goal is to test whether the theory and practices in policing needs innovation to
meet the demands of the present trends in crime fighting.
 5th Century B.C. Heraclitus observed that “you can never step in the same river twice”
in other words all are in constant flux.

Prepared by: Jasper Jim A. Langreo, RCrim Verified by: Dept. Head of BS Criminology
Date Prepared: June 8, 2020 Approved by: VPAA / ADM / President
 On the other side of the coin, Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) for example, examined the
reasons for stability along with the characteristics of ‘good’ government in Greek city
states.

METHODS OF COMPARISON

1. Safari Method: researcher visits another country.

2. Collaborative Method: researcher communicates with foreign researcher

POLICING POLICY MODEL

Crime Control Model

 It is based on the presumption that the repression of criminal behavior is the most
important aspect of police duty and therefore should be given priority.
 This approach has been rationalized in the past by the assumption that inconvenience
or harassment of innocent people can be justified by the fact that police are fighting
crime
Due Process Model
 When due process is the primary object of policing, police policy is that is far better
than 100 guilty men escape justice rather than one innocent person be convicted.

THEORIES IN POLICING

1. Continental: is the theory of police service which maintains that police officers are
servants of higher authorities. This theory prevails in the continental countries like
France, Italy and Spain.
2. Home Rule: the theory of police service which states that police officers are servants
of the community or the people. This theory prevails in England and United States. It
is also the police service which prevails in country with decentralized form of
government. This is likewise the police service theory that should prevail in the
Philippines based on the existing laws, concepts and principles.

Prepared by: Jasper Jim A. Langreo, RCrim Verified by: Dept. Head of BS Criminology
Date Prepared: June 8, 2020 Approved by: VPAA / ADM / President
1.3 Globalization

DEFINITION

Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies,

and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and
investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the
environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity,
and on human physical well-being in societies around the world.

 The rapid development of the western culture that affects other cultures in the world
as brought by intellectual and technological advances, in which some crimes
occurring in other countries are attributed.
 The term can also refer to the transnational circulation of ideas, languages, or popular
culture through acculturation.
 It is a package of transnational flows of people, production, investment, information,
ideas, and authority.

EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION TO LAW ENFORCEMENT

1. The facilitation of transnational crimes and criminals can be easily achieved.

2. There is a need for transnational policing. The cooperation among police organization
in the world is vital.
3. Training instructions for incoming law enforcement officers must include advance
computer to prepare them as cyber cops so they can be better prepared to deal with
cybercrimes.
4. Development of new strategies to deal with international organized crimes is a must.

Prepared by: Jasper Jim A. Langreo, RCrim Verified by: Dept. Head of BS Criminology
Date Prepared: June 8, 2020 Approved by: VPAA / ADM / President
5. Provisions of law enforcement with updated legislations related to modernization
theories of crime.

THREATS ON LAW ENFORCEMENT

Some threats brought about by globalization are:

 Increasing volume of human rights violations evident by genocide or mass killing
 The underprivileged gain unfair access to global mechanisms on law enforcement and
security – Conflict between nations
 Transnational criminal networks for drug trafficking, money laundering, terrorism,
etc

OPPORTUNITIES FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT

While globalization brings the threats and many other threats to law enforcement,
opportunities like the following are carried:
 Creation of International tribunals to deal with human rights problems
 Humanitarian interventions that can promote universal norms and link them to the
enforcement power of states
 Transnational professional network and cooperation against transnational crimes
 Global groups for conflict monitoring and coalitions across transnational issues

Prepared by: Jasper Jim A. Langreo, RCrim Verified by: Dept. Head of BS Criminology
Date Prepared: June 8, 2020 Approved by: VPAA / ADM / President
 II. Transnational Crimes

DEFINITION

 They are violations of law that involve more than one country in their planning,
execution, or impact. These offenses are distinguished from other crimes in their
multinational nature, which poses unique problems in understanding their causes,
developing prevention strategies, and in mounting effective adjudication procedures.
 It is a crime perpetuated by organized criminal groups which the aim of committing
one or more serious crimes or offenses in order to obtain directly or indirectly, a
financial or other material benefits committed through crossing of borders or
jurisdictions.

TRANSNATIONAL OR BORDERLESS CRIME

According to the United Nations Convention of Transnational Organized Crime, an
offense is transnational if it:
 Is committed in more than one state
 Is committed in one state but a substantial part of its preparation, planning, direction
or control takes place in another state
 Is committed in one state but involves organized crime group that engages in criminal
activities in more than one state
 Is committed in one state but has subs effects in another state.

2.1 Terrorism

Prepared by: Jasper Jim A. Langreo, RCrim Verified by: Dept. Head of BS Criminology
Date Prepared: June 8, 2020 Approved by: VPAA / ADM / President
 According to UN Secretary General report, terrorism was described as any act
intended to cause death or serious bodily harm to civilians or non-combatants with
the purpose of intimidating a population or compelling a government or an
international organization to do or abstain from doing any act.

KEY ELEMENTS OF TERRORISM

 Terrorism is premeditated
 It is political
 It is aimed at civilians
 It is carried out by sub – national groups

TYPES OF TERRORISM

1. Domestic/National Terrorism: based and operate entirely within a certain country.

2. Transnational Terrorism: terrorist groups who operate across national borders,
whose actions and political aspirations may affect individuals of more than one
nationality.
3. International Terrorism: foreign based and is directed against a country by
countries or groups outside that country.

STRATEGIES OF TERRORIST ORGANIZATION

 Bombing  Hostage taking

 Hijacking  Arson
 Kidnapping  Ambush
 Assassination

OCG distinguished from TERRORISM:

 Organized crime groups are motivated by money.
 Terrorists are motivated by ideology.

Prepared by: Jasper Jim A. Langreo, RCrim Verified by: Dept. Head of BS Criminology
Date Prepared: June 8, 2020 Approved by: VPAA / ADM / President
TERRORIST MAY USE:

 Weapons of mass destruction

 Threats to create fear
 Traditional weapons

Weapon of Mass Destruction (WMD) is a term used to describe a massive weapon with
the capacity to indiscriminately kill large numbers of people.

FAMOUS TERRORIST GROUPS

1. Al-Qaeda [translation: "The Base”] is a global militant Sunni Islamist group founded
by Osama bin Laden sometime between August 1988 and late 1989. It operates as a
network comprising both a multinational, stateless army and a radical Sunni Muslim
movement calling for global Jihad. On September 11, 2001, nineteen men affiliated with
al-Qaeda hijacked four commercial passenger jet airliners, crashing two of them into the
World Trade Center in New York City and one into the Pentagon. As a result of the
attacks, the World Trade Center's twin towers completely collapsed, and 2,973 victims
and the 19 hijackers died.

2. Hezbollah [Arabic: ‫ حزبهلال‬ḥizbu-llāh(i), literally "Party of God"] is a Shi'a Muslim

militant group and political party based in Lebanon. Hezbollah first emerged in response
to the 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon, during the Lebanese civil war. It was founded by
ezbollah Leader Hassan Nasrallah in 1982 – 1985 (officially) with the ideology Shia
Islamism Religion Shia Islam. The official colors of Hezbollah are yellow and green.

3. Jemaah Islamiah [Arabic: ‫ الجماعةاإلسالمية‬, meaning "Islamic Congregation", frequently

abbreviated JI], is a Southeast Asian militant Islamic organization dedicated to the
establishment of a Daulah Islamiyah (regional Islamic caliphate) in Southeast Asia
incorporating Indonesia, Malaysia, the southern Philippines, Singapore and Brunei. JI
was added to the United Nations 1267 Committee's list of terrorist organizations linked to
al-Qaeda or the Taliban on 25 October 2002 under UN Security Council Resolution
1267. The JI was formally founded on January 1, 1993, by JI leaders, Abu Bakar
Bashir and Abdullah Sungkar while hiding in Malaysia from the persecution of the

Prepared by: Jasper Jim A. Langreo, RCrim Verified by: Dept. Head of BS Criminology
Date Prepared: June 8, 2020 Approved by: VPAA / ADM / President
Suharto government. After the fall of the Suharto regime in 1998, both men returned to
Indonesia where JI gained a terrorist edge when one of its founders, the late Abdullah
Sungkar, established contact with Osama Bin Laden's al-Qaeda network.

4. Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS) a rebel group controlling territory. The
largest city is Mosul, Iraq. Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, "Caliph Ibrahim" was the self-
declared Caliph and Abu Omar al-Shishani was the Field Commander It was formed on
April 8, 2013 and declared its caliphate on June 29, 2014.

5. Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) [Filipino: Grupong Abu Sayyaf] also known as al-
Harakat al-Islamiyya is one of several military Islamist separatist groups based in and
around the southern Philippines, where for almost 30 years various Muslim groups have
been engaged in an insurgency for an independent province in the country. The name of
the group is derived from the Arabic ‫ابو‬, abu ("father of") and sayyaf ("Swordsmith").
The group calls itself "Al-Harakat Al-Islamiyya" or the "Islamic Movement".

2.2 Drug Trafficking

DEFINITION

 It is a worldwide black market consisting of production, distribution, packaging, and

sale illegal psychoactive substances.

DRUG TRAFFICKING IN THE PHILIPPINES

Illicit drug trafficking in the Philippines remains difficult to bring to a halt due to new
modus operandi and the involvement of persons of authority. Although there are
measures to combat illicit drug syndicates, statistics show that this is still an alarming
predicament in the country. Since 2010, drug syndicates established small- scale
laboratories and kitchen-type clandestine laboratories to lower the risk of detection of
shabu production.

Prepared by: Jasper Jim A. Langreo, RCrim Verified by: Dept. Head of BS Criminology
Date Prepared: June 8, 2020 Approved by: VPAA / ADM / President
REORGANIZATION OF PHILIPPINE DRUG ENFORCEMENT SYSTEM
 The new Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB) as the policy and strategy formulating body.
 The Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) as its implementing arm.

THE PHILIPPINE DRUG ENFORCEMENT AGENCY (PDEA)

 Created upon enactment of RA 9165 in 2002

 Signed: June 7, 2002
 Published: June 19, 2002
 Took effect: July 4, 2002
 A law enforcement agency
 Lead agency on the government’s anti-drug campaign
 Responsible for efficient and effective law enforcement of all provisions on any
dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemicals

DRUGS OF CHOICE

1. Shabu: mostly abused by classes C, D, & E

2. Marijuana: prevalent in schools & slum areas
3. Cocaine: popular users: classes A & B
4. Ecstacy: rampant in bars, house parties

2.3 Money Laundering

DEFINITION

 It is a crime whereby the proceeds of an unlawful activity are transacted making them
appear to have originated from legitimate sources (Section 4, AMLA). It is common
to refer to money legally obtained as “clean”, and money illegally obtained as “dirty”.

THREE STEPS OF MONEY LAUNDERING

Prepared by: Jasper Jim A. Langreo, RCrim Verified by: Dept. Head of BS Criminology
Date Prepared: June 8, 2020 Approved by: VPAA / ADM / President
Money laundering occurs over a period of three steps: the first involves the physical
distribution of the cash (“placement”), the second involves carrying out complex
financial transactions in order to camouflage the illegal source (“layering”), and the final
step entails acquiring wealth generated from the transactions of the illicit funds
(“integration”).
ELEMENTS OF MONEY LAUNDERING
 Unlawful activity
 “Proceeds”
 Transaction or attempt to transact
 Knowledge

Unlawful activity refers to any act or omission or series or combination thereof

involving or having direct relation to the following:

 Kidnapping for ransom

 Drug Trafficking and other violations of the Comprehensive
 Graft and Corrupt Practices / Plunder
 Robbery and Extortion
 Jueteng and Masiao
 Piracy on the high seas/ inland waters
 Qualified Theft under Art. 310, RPC
 Swindling under Art. 315, RPC
 Smuggling under RA 455 & 1937
 Violations of Electronic Commerce Act
 Acts of Terrorism

RA 9160 as amended by RA 9194 known as the "Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2001.

The Anti-Money Laundering Council is hereby created and shall be composed of the
Governor of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas as chairman, the Commissioner of the
Insurance Commission and the Chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission as
members.

Prepared by: Jasper Jim A. Langreo, RCrim Verified by: Dept. Head of BS Criminology
Date Prepared: June 8, 2020 Approved by: VPAA / ADM / President
2.4 Human Trafficking

DEFINITION

 It refers to the recruitment, transportation, transfer or harboring, or receipt of persons

with or without the victim’s consent or knowledge, within or across national borders
by means of threat or use of force, other forms of coercion, abduction, fraud,
deception, abuse of power or of position, taking advantage of the vulnerability of the
person, or, the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a
person having control over another person for the purpose of exploitation which
includes at a minimum, the exploitation or the prostitution of others or other forms of
sexual exploitation, forced labor or services, slavery, servitude or the removal or sale
of organs.

2.5 Cybercrimes

DEFINITION

 Cybercrimes are criminal offenses committed via the Internet or otherwise aided by
various forms of computer technology, such as the use of online social networks to
bully others or sending sexually explicit digital photos with a smart phone. But while
cybercrime is a relatively new phenomenon, many of the same offenses that can be
committed with a computer or smart phone, including theft or child pornography,
were committed in person prior to the computer age.

TYPES OF CYBER CRIME

Prepared by: Jasper Jim A. Langreo, RCrim Verified by: Dept. Head of BS Criminology
Date Prepared: June 8, 2020 Approved by: VPAA / ADM / President
 Hacking  Phising
 Software Piracy  Cyberstalking/Harassment
 Online Gambling  Cyber Defamation
 Pornography  Cyber Terrorism
 Credit Card Fraud/Skimming  Money Laundering
 E-Mail Threat/ Extortion  Online Scam

TRANSNATIONAL COMPUTER CRIMES

 The transnational character of computer crimes creates new challenges for the law.
 More than any other international crime, the speed, mobility, flexibility, significance
and value of transactions in and for which cyber crimes are committed profoundly
challenge the existing rules of international criminal law.
 The Philippines passed the Cybercrime Prevention Act Republic Act No. 10175.

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8792

 This Act shall be known as the “Electronic Commerce Act”.
 Addressee refers to a person who is intended by the originator to receive the
electronic data message or electronic document.
 The term does not include a person acting as an intermediary with respect to that
electronic data message or electronic document.

Electronic Data message refers to information generated, sent, received or stored by

electronic, optical or similar means. Information and communication system refers to a
system intended for and capable of generating, sending, receiving, storing or otherwise
processing electronic data messages or electronic documents and includes the computer
or in which data is recorded or stored and any procedures related to the recording or
storage of electronic data message or electronic document.

Prepared by: Jasper Jim A. Langreo, RCrim Verified by: Dept. Head of BS Criminology
Date Prepared: June 8, 2020 Approved by: VPAA / ADM / President
 III. Selected Police Models

3.1 American (US) Police System

 The federal government of the United States is the centralized United States
governmental body established by the United States Constitution.
 The policies of the federal government have a broad impact on both the domestic and
foreign affairs of the United States.
 The powers of the federal government as a whole are limited by the Constitution,
which leaves a great deal of authority to the individual states.

POLITICS AND THE POLICE IN AMERICA (1800s–1900s)

 A distinct characteristic of policing in the United States during the 1800s is the direct
and powerful involvement of politics.
 During this time, policing was heavily entrenched in local politics.

THE BOSTON POLICE DEPARTMENT (BPD)

 Established in 1838, holds the primary responsibility for law enforcement and
investigation within the city of Boston, Massachusetts.
 It is the 3rd oldest municipal police department in the United States, after
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Richmond, Virginia.
 RANKS: Commissioner (civilian), Superintendent in Chief, Superintendent, Deputy
Superintendent, Captain/Captain Detective, Lieutenant/Lieutenant Detective,
Sergeant/Sergeant Detective, Police Officer/Detective.

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PHILADELPHIA POLICE DEPARTMENT (PPD)

 Is the police agency responsible for law enforcement and investigations within the
City of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
 It is the oldest municipal police agency in the United States, and the sixth largest non-
federal law enforcement agency in the country
 RANKS: Police Commissioner, First Deputy Police Commissioner, Deputy Police
Commissioner 2-Star, Deputy Police Commissioner 1-Star, Chief Inspector,
Inspector, Staff Inspector, Captain, Lieutenant, Sergeant, Corporal, Police Officer.
 To be promoted in the Philadelphia Police Department, a police officer must finish
his first year in the department. Then, when the next corporal or detective test is
announced, they are eligible to take the test. Philadelphia PD Test for corporal and
detectives is a written multiple choice test, lasting two to three hours. Also part of an
officer's score is based on seniority.

THE NEW YORK CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT (NYPD)

 Established in 1845, is currently the largest municipal police force in the United
States, with primary responsibilities in law enforcement and investigation within the
five boroughs of New York City.
 AGENCY OVERVIEW:
o Formed: 1845
o Preceding agency: Municipal Police
o Annual budget: $3.9 Billion
o Size: 468.9 square miles (1,214 km2)
o Population: 8,274,527
 FACILITIES:
o 76 Precincts 12 Transit Districts 9 Housing Police Service Areas
o Police cars: 8,839
o Police boats: 11
o Helicopters: 8
o Horses: 120

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 o Dogs: 31 German Shepherds 3 Bloodhounds
 RANKS: Chief of Police / Police Commissioner / Superintendent / Sheriff, Deputy
Chief of Police / Deputy Commissioner / Deputy Superintendent / Undersheriff,
Inspector / Commander / Colonel, Major / Deputy Inspector, Captain, Lieutenant,
Sergeant, Detective / Inspector / Investigator, Officer / Deputy Sheriff / Corporal.
 Promotion to the ranks of sergeant, lieutenant and captain are made via competitive
civil service examinations.
 Promotion to the ranks of deputy inspector, inspector and chief are made at the
discretion of the police commissioner, after successfully passing all three civil service
exams. Promotion from the rank of Police Officer to Detective is determined by the
current police labor contract with approval of the Police Commissioner. The entry
level appointment to detective is third grade or specialist.

THE LOS ANGELES POLICE DEPARTMENT (LAPD)

 Is the police department of the city of Los Angeles, California. With just under
10,000 officers and more than 3,000 civilian staff, covering an area of 498 square
miles (1,290 km2) with a population of more than 3.8 million people, it is the third
largest local law enforcement agency in the United States, after the New York City
Police Department and Chicago Police Department.
 AGENCY OVERVIEW:
o Formed: 1869
o Employees: 13,268
o Annual budget: $1.4 billion
o Size: 498 sq mi (1,290 km²)
o Population: 3.8 million
o Police Officers: 10,005
o Unsworn members: 3,263
 A genuine service to humanity… “You and I live on a minor planet attached to a
minor star at the far edge of a minor galaxy. We live here briefly. And when we
are gone, we are forgotten. One day, the galaxies will be gone too. The only

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 morality that makes sense is to do something useful with the brief time alloted to
us.” - James A. Mechesser.

3.2 Australian Police System

AUSTRALIAN FEDERAL POLICE (AFP)

 The federal police agency of the Commonwealth of Australia.
 Formed on October 19, 1979 under the Australian Federal Police Act 1979 after the
merging of the former Commonwealth Police and the Australian Capital Territory
Police.
 In 1984 the Protective Service component of the AFP was separated forming the
Australian Protective Service, subsequently that government agency was transferred
back to the AFP in 2004.
 REQUIREMENTS:
o be over 18 years of age
o be an Australian citizen
o be intelligent, self motivated and willing to serve in any area of the AFP
o have a full manual vehicle driver's license
o meet the medical and psychological standards for AFP sworn police and
protective service officer applicants.
o be physically fit and healthy and able to undertake the physical requirements of
training
o have a senior first aid certificate (current for entire training period)

ACT POLICING AND FEDERAL AGENT recruits also need:

 Year 12 education, or Year 10 with a trade certificate or similar qualification
confirmation of ability to swim 100 meters freestyle non-stop and unaided.

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 RANKS: Commissioner, Deputy Commissioner, Assistant Commissioner,
Commander, Superintendent, Inspector, Senior Non-Commissioned Ranks, Senior
Sergeant, Sergeant, Non-Commissioned Ranks, Senior Constable, Constable,
Probationary Constable, Recruit.

 The Metropolitan Police Service (MPS) is the territorial police force responsible for
policing Greater London, excluding the 'square mile' of the City of London which is
the responsibility of the City of London Police.
 The MPS also has significant national responsibilities such as coordinating and
leading on counter-terrorism matters and protection of the Royal Family and senior
figures of HM Government.
 OVERVIEW:
o Motto : Total Policing
o Formed: 29 September, 1829
o Preceding agencies: Bow Street Runners Marine Police Force
o Operations jurisdiction: Police area of Metropolitan Police District in the country
of, UK
o Size: 1,578 km2 (609 sq mi)
o Population: 7.4 million
o Legal jurisdiction England & Wales (Northern Ireland and Scotland in limited
circumstances)
o Governing body: Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime
o General nature Law enforcement Civilian police
 Overviewed by Independent Police Complaints Commission/ Her Majesty's
Inspectorate of Constabulary
o Stations: 180
o Boats: 22
o Helicopters: 3
o Regular Police Officers: 33,235
o Police Community Support Officers: 4,513

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 o Special Constables: 2,973
o Traffic wardens: 470
o Horses: 120
o Other police staff: 14,291

 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS:
o Age requirements - accepted at the age of 18 for appointment at 18½; no
upper age limit for applying
o Height requirements - no minimum or maximum height requirements
o Fitness - not considerably overweighed
o Eyesight Standards - People with aided vision can also apply for the office of
constable, so long as the vision is within limit.
 RANKING: Commissioner, Deputy Commissioner, Assistant Commissioner,
Deputy assistant commissioner, Commander, Chief Superintendent,
Superintendent, Chief Inspector, Inspector, Sergeant, Police Constable.
 TOTAL POLICING:
o A total war on crime, total care for victims, and total professionalism
objectives.
o To cut crime, cut costs, and continue to develop the culture of the
organization.
o We will achieve this with; humility, integrity and transparency.
o We will develop making the Met the best police service in the world.

3.3 Switzerland Policing System

For many years, travel brochures used to mark “There is no crime in Switzerland”.
Criminologists were puzzled and attributed it to either the high rate of fireman ownership
or the extensive welfare system. It turn out that they were not reporting all their crime
rates. However, it was true that that their crime rate was low.

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FEATURES:
 Management of underclass populations
 Effective use of an ‘iron fist, velvet globe’ approach to offenders. Ex: A criminal’s
personal circumstances is analyze and long term treatment plan is put into effect.

SWITZERLAND POLICE FORCE

 Law Enforcement is a responsibility of the 26 cantons of Switzerland – who each

operate cantonal police agencies.
 The federal government does not run a general purpose law enforcement agency.
National level is provided by a board of cantonal police commander.

3.4 Japan Policing System

 Law enforcement in Japan is provided mainly by the prefectural police departments

under the oversight of the National Police Agency, but there are various other law
enforcement officials in Japan.
 The National Police Agency is administered by the National Public Safety
Commission, thus ensuring that Japan's police are an apolitical body and free of direct
central government executive control. They are checked by an independent judiciary
and monitored by a free and active press.

FEATURES:
 Community policing
 Patriarchal family system
 Importance of higher education
 Businesses serve as surrogate families
 “Shame-based” rather than “guilt-based” attitude

POLICE FORCE

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 National Public Safety Commission – supervises National Police Agency and has
the authority to appoint or dismiss police officer. 1 chairman and 5 commissioner.
 National Police Agency – central coordinating body for the entire system and
commands prefectural police forces. Agency head is a Commissioner General
appointed by the NPSPC and approved by the Prime Minister.
 Central Office – secretariat, general operations, planning, information, finance,
management and procurement and five bureaus;
o Police administration bureau
o Criminal investigation
o Traffic bureau
o Security bureau
o Regional public safety bureau – 7 bureau each responsible for the prefectures.
Each headed by a Director and located in major cities. Tokyo Metropolitan police
and Hokkaido Police are excluded.
o Koban – substations near major transportation hubs and shopping areas.

Koban: is a small neighborhood police station found in Japan. Koban also refers to the
smallest organizational unit in today’s Japanese police system. In addition to central
police stations, Japanese uniformed police work is done from small buildings located
within the community, a form of community policing.

3.5 Egypt Police System

 The population of 23,000 consists of 11 tribes who are the descendants of ancient
Greeks and it said that Plato himself fashioned his model of perfect government.

FEATURES:
 Conflicts are resolved by tribal council
 No jails or prisons
 Last crime occurred during 1950 and was an act of involuntary manslaughter.

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 Typical punishment ostracization (shunning)

 Ministry of Interior is responsible for state security, investigations and over-all

organizations. 4 deputy minsters.
o Public safety: travel immigration, port security and criminal investigation
o Special police: prison admin, civil defense, police transport, police comm, traffic
and tourism
o Personnel affairs: training, personnel matters
o Administrative and general administration and legal, supplies and budgets
 Each Governorates, Governors, and Director of Police command all police force in
the region.

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 MODULE I

QUIZZES (30%) _____________

PROJECTS (30%) _____________
EXAMINATION (40%) _____________

TOTAL (100%) _____________

_________________________________
INSTRUCTOR

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 MODULE I: WEEK 4-6
GLOBALIZATION OF POLICE SYSTEM

IV. Globalization of Law Enforcement

4.1 Philippine Center on Transnational Crime

 It was established on January 15, 1999 by virtue of E.O. No. 62 as a functional office
inder the office of the President.
 Its mission was to formulate and implement a concerted program of action of all law
enforcement and government agencies for the prevention and control of transnational
crimes.
 Its creation was part of the commitment by the Republic of the Philippines to the
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to actively engage in the campaign
against transnational organized crimes within the region as adopted in the ASEAN
summit in Hanoi, Vietnam in 1997.
 To underscore its important role in the flight against global crimes, the Center also
endeavored to push for the following initiatives:
o Strong Regional Cooperation
o Support to the United Nations
o Capacity Building of Local Government Units
o National Cooperation

4.2 ASEANAPOL

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 The Association of National Police Forces of the POLICE Region (ASEANAPOL)
was formed in 1980 to initiate regional police co-operation. Delegates meet annually
to discuss crime-related issues. A paper by the Assistant Director for External
Relations of the ASEAN Secretariat wrote in 1999 that:

“The ASEANAPOL deals with the preventive, enforcement and operational

aspects of cooperation against transnational crime. ASEANAPOL has been
actively involved in sharing of knowledge and expertise on policing, enforcement,
law criminal justice, and transnational and international crimes. It has
established three ad-hoc commissions dealing with drug trafficking, arms
smuggling, counterfeiting, economic and financial crimes, credit card fraud,
extradition and arrangements for handling over of criminal offenders and
fugitives. It has also taken initiatives to combat new forms of transnational crime,
such as fraudulent travel documents, phantom ship frauds, product counterfeiting
and piracy.”

 After 24 years, it has grown from 5 police chiefs to a solid force of the ASEAN TEN,
signaling the emergence of a regional alliance that is determined to secure not only
our own individual sovereignties but also the peace and progress of our community.

ASEANAPOL MEMBERS:

1. Indonesia 6. Laos
2. Brunei Darussalam 7. Singapore
3. Malaysia 8. Myanmar
4. Vietnam 9. Thailand
5. Philippines 10. Cambodia

OBJECTIVES of ASEANAPOL
 Enhancing police professionalism
 Forging stronger regional cooperation in police work
 Promoting lasting friendship amongst the police officers of ASEAN countries.

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CHRONOLOGY

1981 - Manila  The first formal meeting of The Chiefs of ASEAN Police
 Attended by 5 original member countries (Indonesia,
Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand)
1983 - Jakarta  Endorsement of the model & design of ASEANAPOL
logo
1984 - Kuala Lumpur  Royal Brunei Police became a member and joined the
annual conference
1996 - Kuala Lumpur  Vietnam joined ASEANAPOL

1998 - Brunei  Laos and Myanmar joined ASEANAPOL

2000 - Yangon  Cambodia became the 10th country to join ASEANAPOL

2005 – Bali  The setting up of a working group to consider the viability

of establishing a permanent ASEANAPOL Secretariat
 Silver Jubilee Commemoration of ASEANAPOL
2008 – Brunei  ASEANAPOL Secretariat was unanimously agreed to be
based in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2009 – Hanoi  Adoption of Terms of Reference (TOR)

2010  On 1st January 2010 ASEANAPOL Secretariat began in

operation

4.3 INTERPOL

 The largest international police organization in the world. It was founded in 1923 to
foster police cooperation and to combat transnational crime. Headquartered in Lyon,
France, it has seven regional bureaus worldwide and a National Central Bureau in all
194 members states.
 It aims to facilitate International police cooperation even where diplomatic relations
do not exist between particular countries. Action is taken within the limits of existing
laws in different countries and in the spirit of the Universal Declaration of Human

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 Rights. Its constitution prohibits any intervention or activities of a political, military,
religious or racial character.

STRUCTURE OF INTERPOL
 General Assembly
 Executive Committee
 General Secretariat
 National Central Bureaus
 Advisers
 The Commission for the Control of INTERPOL’s Files.

INTERPOL PRESIDENT (Kim Jong Yang)

 A South Korean, assumed office on November 21, 2018. He once served as the
Commissioner of Gyeonggi Provincial Police Agency, the law enforcement agency
for Gyeonggi. As a police chief, Kim took part in efforts to spread South Korean
policing strategies to other nations, including the Philippines, through financial
assistance and training programs.
 He was later elected as INTERPOL’s Vice President for Asia in 2015. Following the
arrest and detainment of Interpol President Meng Hongwei in China, Kim took on the
role of Acting President. Although Interpol Vice-President and Russian interior
ministry official Alexander Prokopchuk had been widely tipped to be Meng's
successor, at a meeting in Dubai on 18–21 November 2018 Kim was elected to serve
the remaining two years of Meng's term.

INTERPOL SECRETARY GENERAL (Jürgen Stock)

 A German, assumed office on November 7, 2014. He was Vice President of Europe at

the organization between 2007 and 2010. On 7 November 2014 he was elected
Secretary General of Interpol by the General Assembly, he took over the position
from Ronald Noble with immediate effect. He was elected for a five-year term.
 He joined the Kriminalpolizei in Hesse in 1978 and stayed on as an officer until 1992.
Between 1992 and 1996 he went to the University of Giessen to do his scientific

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 research in criminology. In 1996 he worked as a lawyer, before returning to the
Bundeskriminalamt to become the deputy head of a unit combating economic crime.
He became the President of the University of Applied Police Science located in
Saxony-Anhalt in 1998.

STRATEGIC PRIORITIES

 Secure global communication network

 24/7 support to policing and law enforcement
 Capacity building
 Assisting member countries in the identification of crimes and criminals

THE SEVEN TYPES OF NOTICES AND THEIR OBJECTIVES

 Red Notice: to seek the arrest or provisional arrest of wanted persons with a view to
extradition.
 Yellow Notice: to help locate missing persons, often minors.
 Blue Notice: to collect additional information about a person’s identity or activities in
relation to a crime.
 Black Notice: to seek information on unidentified bodies.
 Green Notice: to provide warnings and intelligence about persons who have
committed criminal offences and are likely to repeat these crimes in other countries.
 Purple Notice: to provide information on modus operandi, procedures, and hiding
places used by criminals.
 Orange Notice: to warn of an event, a person, an object or a process representing a
serious and imminent threat to public safety.

CORE FUNCTIONS

1. Secure global police communication services

 INTERPOL’s global police communication system, known as I-24/7, enables police
in all member countries to request, submit and access vital data instantly in a secure
environment.

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 Using I-24/7, National Central Bureaus (NCBs) can search and cross-check data in a
matter of seconds, with direct access to databases containing information on
suspected terrorists, wanted persons, fingerprints, DNA profiles, lost or stolen travel
documents, stolen motor vehicles, stolen work of art, etc. These multiple resources
provide police with instant access to potentially important information, thereby
facilitating criminal investigation.

2. Operational data services and databases for police Member countries

 Member countries have direct and immediate access to a wide range of databases
including information on known criminals, fingerprints, DNA profiles and stolen or
lost travel documents. It also disseminates critical crime-related data through a system
of international notices.
3. Operational police support services
 INTERPOL provides law enforcement officials in the field with emergency support
and operational activities, especially in its priority crime areas. A Command and
Coordination Center operates 24 hours a day, seven days a week and can deploy an
Incident Response Team to the scene of a serious crime or disaster.
 At the Philippines government’s request INTERPOL deployed its team to Cebu City
on June 29, 2008 as part of a collaborative international response working with the
Philippine National Bureau of Investigation (NBI). The INTERPOL team include
DNA and Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) experts and a representative from
International Commission on Missing Persons (ICMP).
 The DNA-assisted identification process resulted in nearly 2,500 reference blood
samples being collected from family members which assisted in the DNA
identification of 449 victims, enabling their remains to be returned to their loved
ones.
 INTERPOL’s National Central Bureau (NCB) in Islamabad, Pakistan, has issued a
global alert for 13 individuals wanted by the police authorities in Pakistan in
connection with the ongoing investigation into the Mumbai terror attacks of
November 2008.
4. Police training and development

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 INTERPOL provides focused police training initiatives with the aim of enhancing the
capacity of member countries to effectively combat transnational crime and terrorism.
This includes sharing knowledge, skills and best practices in policing and establishing
global standards.

SPECIAL INTERPOL REGIONAL EVENTS

 20th Asian Regional Conference – Hong Kong, China (March 5-7, 2008)
 19th Asian Regional Conference – Jakarta, Indonesia (April 11-13, 2006)
 18th Asian Regional Conference – Manila, Philippines (March 16-17, 2004)
NATIONAL CENTRAL BUREAU (Manila)

 Chairman Director General, Philippine National Police

 Member Director, National Bureau of Investigation
Commissioner, Bureau of Customs
Commissioner, Bureau of Internal Revenue
Commissioner, Bureau of Immigration
Governor, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas
Executive Director, Dangerous Drug Board
Commissioner, EIIB
 The first four were designated by the President, and the last four were unanimously
chosen by members of the NATIONAL Law Enforcement Coordinating Committee
(NALECC) as authorized by the President thru NALECC Resolution 93-10 dated
July 21, 1993.
 A significant change in its membership however was noted following the dissolution
of EIIB in 1999. The Executive Director of PCTC was chosen to replace the
Commissioner, EIIB pursuant to NALECC Resolution No. 02-2000 dated March 26,
2002 and was subsequently designated as Head, NCB Secretariat. The NCB
Secretariat was transferred to PCTC pursuant to Executive Order No. 100 dated May
7, 1999 and subsequently, to the Central Management Office of the Department of
Finance (DOF). The Presidential Anti-Organized Crime Commission, the Philippine
Drug Enforcement Agency, the Anti-Money Laundering Council and the Department
of Finance become a member of the NALECC Sub-Committee on INTERPOL

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 pursuant to NALECC Resolutions. The member agencies of the NALECC Sub-
Committee on INTERPOL also served as Functional Sub-agencies of the NALECC
Subcommittee on INTERPOL also serve as Functional Sub-Bureaus of INTERPOL
in Manila.

4.4 EUROPOL

 It is the law enforcement agency of the European Union (EU) formed in 1998 to
handle criminal intelligence and combat serious international organized crime and
terrorism through cooperation between competent authorities of EU member states.
The Agency has no executive powers, and its officials are not entitled to arrest
suspects or act without prior approval from competent authorities in the member
states. Seated in The Hague, it comprised 1,065 staff in 2016.

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 V. The United Nations Peacekeeping

THE UNITED NATIONS

 It is an international organization whose aims include promoting and facilitating

cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social
progress, human rights, civil rights, civil liberties, political freedoms, democracy, and
the achievement of lasting world peace.
 The UN was founded in 1945 after World War II to replace the League of Nations, to
stop wars between countries, and to provide a platform for dialogue. It contains
multiple subsidiary organizations to carry out its missions.
 At its founding, the UN had 51 member states; as of 2011, there are 193.
 The UN's most prominent position is that of the office of Secretary-General which
has been held by Ban Ki-moon of South Korea since 2007.

SIX PRINCIPAL ORGANS OF UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY

(The main deliberative assembly)

 the Security Council (for deciding certain resolutions for peace and security)
 the Economic and Social Council (for assisting in promoting international economic
and social cooperation and development)
 the Secretariat (for providing studies, information, and facilities needed by the UN)
 the International Court of Justice (the primary judicial organ)

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 the UN Trusteeship Council was administering trust territories (currently not active)

5.1 UN Peacekeeping Mission

 It is defined by the United Nations, is a way to help countries torn by conflict create
conditions for sustainable peace. UN peacekeepers—soldiers and military officers,
police officers and civilian personnel from many countries—monitor and observe
peace processes that emerge in post-conflict situations and assist ex-combatants in
implementing the peace agreements they have signed. Such assistance comes in many
forms, including confidence-building measures, power-sharing arrangements,
electoral support, strengthening the rule of law, and economic and social
development.
 Peacekeepers monitor and observe peace processes in post-conflict areas and assist
ex-combatants in implementing the peace agreements they may have signed.
 Accordingly UN peacekeepers (often referred to as Blue Beret because of their light
blue berets or helmets) can include soldiers, police officers, and civilian personnel.

PROCESS AND STRUCTURE

 In 2007, a peacekeeper volunteer was required to be over the age of 25 with no

maximum age limit.
 Peacekeeping forces are contributed by member states on a voluntary basis. As of 30
June 2019, there are 100,411 people serving in UN peacekeeping operations (86,145
uniformed, 12,932 civilian, and 1,334 volunteers).
 European nations contribute nearly 6,000 units [clarification needed] to this total.
Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh are among the largest individual contributors with
around 8,000 units each. African nations contributed nearly half the total, almost
44,000 units.
 Every peacekeeping mission is authorized by the Security Council.

LIST OF COMPLETED MISSIONS

Africa

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 Dates of
Name of Operation Location Conflict
operation
 Democratic
1960– United Nations Operation in the
Republic of the Congo Crisis
1964 Congo (ONUC)
Congo
1988– United Nations Angola Verification
 Angola Angolan Civil War
1991 Mission I (UNAVEM I)
1989– United Nations Transition Namibian War of
 Namibia
1990 Assistance Group (UNTAG) Independence
1991– United Nations Angola Verification
 Angola Angolan Civil War
1995 Mission II (UNAVEM II)
1992– United Nations Operation in
 Mozambique Mozambican Civil War
1994 Mozambique (ONUMOZ)
1992– United Nations Operation in
 Somalia Somali Civil War
1993 Somalia I (UNOSOM I)
1993– United Nations Observer Mission in
 Liberia First Liberian Civil War
1997 Liberia (UNOMIL)
1993– United Nations Observer Mission  Rwanda
Rwandan Civil War
1994 Uganda-Rwanda (UNOMUR)  Uganda
1993– United Nations Assistance Mission
 Rwanda Rwandan Civil War
1996 for Rwanda (UNAMIR)
1993– United Nations Operation in
 Somalia Somali Civil War
1995 Somalia II (UNOSOM II)
United Nations Aouzou Strip  Chad
1994 Aouzou Strip dispute
Observer Group (UNASOG)  Libya
1995– United Nations Angola Verification
 Angola Angolan Civil War
1997 Mission III (UNAVEM III)
1997– United Nations Observer Mission in
 Angola Angolan Civil War
1999 Angola (MONUA)
1998– United Nations Observer Mission in
 Sierra Leone Sierra Leone Civil War
1999 Sierra Leone (UNOMSIL)
United Nations Mission in the
1998–  Central African Central African Republic
Central African Republic
2000 Republic mutinies
(MINURCA)
1999– United Nations Mission in Sierra
 Sierra Leone Sierra Leone Civil War
2005 Leone (UNAMSIL)
2000– United Nations Mission in Ethiopia  Eritrea
Eritrean–Ethiopian War
2008 and Eritrea (UNMEE)  Ethiopia
2004– United Nations Operation in  Burundi Burundi Civil War

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 2007 Burundi (ONUB)
United Nations Organisation  Democratic
1999–
Mission in the Democratic Republic Republic of the Second Congo War
2010
of the Congo (MONUSCO) Congo
United Nations Mission in the  Chad
2007– Darfur Conflict, Civil war
Central African Republic and Chad  Central African
2010 in Chad (2005–2010)
(MINURCAT) Republic
2005– United Nations Mission in the Second Sudanese Civil
 Sudan
2011 Sudan (UNMIS) War
2004– United Nations Operation in Côte
 Côte d'Ivoire First Ivorian Civil War
2017 d'Ivoire (UNOCI)
2003– United Nations Mission in Liberia
 Liberia Maintaining the Peace
2018 (UNMIL)

North America:
Dates of
Name of Operation Location Conflict
operation
Mission of the Representative of
 Dominican
1965–1966 the Secretary-General in the Operation Power Pack
Republic
Dominican Republic (DOMREP)
 Costa Rica
 El Salvador
United Nations Observer Group in
1989–1992  Guatemala Nicaraguan Civil War
Central America (ONUCA)
 Honduras
 Nicaragua
United Nations Observer Mission
1991–1995  El Salvador El Salvador Civil War
in El Salvador (ONUSAL)
United Nations Mission in Haiti 1991 coup and military
1993–1996  Haiti
(UNMIH) rule in Haiti
United Nations Support Mission in Stabilizing Haiti's new
1996–1997  Haiti
Haiti (UNSMIH) democracy
United Nations Verification
1997 Mission in Guatemala  Guatemala Guatemalan Civil War
(MINUGUA)
United Nations Transition Mission Training of the Haitian
1997  Haiti
in Haiti (UNTMIH) National Police
United Nations Civilian Police Training of the Haitian
1997–2000  Haiti
Mission in Haiti (MIPONUH) National Police
2000–2001 United Nations General Assembly  Haiti Training of the Haitian

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 International Civilian Support
National Police
Mission in Haiti (MICAH)
United Nations Stabilisation
2004–2017  Haiti 2004 Haitian coup d'état
Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH)
United Nations Mission for Justice
2017–2019  Haiti 2004 Haitian coup d'état
Support in Haiti (MINUJUSTH)

Asia:
Dates of
Name of Operation Location Conflict
operation
 Netherlands New
United Nations Security Force in Transfer of sovereignty
1962–1963 Guinea
West New Guinea (UNSF) over West New Guinea
 Indonesia
United Nations India-Pakistan  Pakistan Indo-Pakistani War of
1965–1966
Observation Mission (UNIPOM)  India 1965
United Nations Good Offices  Afghanistan
1988–1990 Mission in Afghanistan and Soviet–Afghan War
 Pakistan
Pakistan (UNGOMAP)
United Nations Advance Mission Vietnamese occupation of
1991–1992  Cambodia
in Cambodia (UNAMIC) Cambodia
United Nations Transitional Vietnamese occupation of
1992–1993  Cambodia
Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) Cambodia
United Nations Mission of
1994–2000  Tajikistan Tajikistan Civil War
Observers in Tajikistan (UNMOT)
United Nations Mission in East  East Timor Indonesian invasion of
1999
Timor (UNAMET)  Indonesia East Timor
The United Nations Transitional  East Timor
Indonesian invasion of
1999–2002 Administration in East Timor
 Indonesia East Timor
(UNTAET)
United Nations Mission of Support Indonesian invasion of
2002–2005  East Timor
in East Timor (UNMISET) East Timor
United Nations Integrated Mission
2006–2012  East Timor 2006 East Timorese crisis
in Timor-Leste (UNMIT)

Europe:
Dates of
Name of Operation Location Conflict
operation
1992–1995 United Nations Protection Force  Bosnia and Yugoslav Wars

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 Herzegovina
 Croatia
(UNPROFOR)  Republic of
Macedonia
 FR Yugoslavia
United Nations Observer Mission
1993–2009  Georgia Abkhazian War
in Georgia (UNOMIG)
United Nations Confidence Croatian War of
1994–1996  Croatia
Restoration Operation (UNCRO) Independence
United Nations Mission in Bosnia  Bosnia and
1995–2002 Bosnian War
and Herzegovina (UNMIBH) Herzegovina
United Nations Preventive Aftermath of the Yugoslav
1995–1999  Macedonia
Deployment Force (UNPREDEP) wars
United Nations Transitional
Authority in Eastern Slavonia, Croatian War of
1996–1998  Croatia
Baranja and Western Sirmium Independence
(UNTAES)
United Nations Mission of  Croatia
1996–2002 Prevlaka territorial dispute
Observers in Prevlaka (UNMOP)  FR Yugoslavia
United Nations Civilian Police Croatian War of
1998  Croatia
Support Group (UNPSG) Independence

Middle East:
Dates of
Name of Operation Location Conflict
operation
1956– First United Nations Emergency  Egypt
Suez Crisis
1967 Force (UNEF I)  Israel
United Nations Observation Group
1958  Lebanon 1958 Lebanon crisis
in Lebanon (UNOGIL)
1963– United Nations Yemen Observation
 North Yemen Yemen Civil War
1964 Mission (UNYOM)
1973– Second United Nations Emergency  Egypt
Yom Kippur War
1979 Force (UNEF II)  Israel
1988– United Nations Iran-Iraq Military  Iran
Iran–Iraq War
1991 Observer Group (UNIIMOG)  Iraq
1991– United Nations Iraq-Kuwait  Iraq
Gulf War
2003 Observation Mission (UNIKOM)  Kuwait
2012 United Nations Supervision  Syria Syrian civil war

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 Mission in Syria (UNSMIS)
5.2 Participation of PNP in UN Peacekeeping

PNP'S INTERNATIONAL DEPLOYMENTS

 Cambodia: 1992-93 - United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC)

 Haiti: 1994-95; 2004–present - Operation Uphold Democracy in Haïti - International
Police Monitors component
 East Timor: 1999-2002 - UN Mission in East Timor (UNAMET)

Selection and Qualifications Terms of Deployment

COVERAGE of the UNSAT Pre-Qualifying Examinations

 1st Stage - Written Examination (Reading Comprehension, Listening Compre-

hension, Report Writing)
 2nd Stage - Driving Proficiency Test
 3rd Stage - Firing, Proficiency Test.

QUALIFICATIONS

Age Requirement:
 All applicants must not be less than twenty five (25) years old or more than Fifty
three (53) years old upon actual deployment.

Rank Requirement:
 For Police Commissioned Officers (PCOs): Only those with the rank of Police Senior
Inspector, Police Chief Inspector, or Police Superintendent are allowed to apply.
 For Police Noncommissioned Officers (PNCOs): Only those within the rank bracket
of Police Officer 3 to Senior Police Officer 4 are allowed to apply.
 All applicants must have been appointed in permanent status in their respective
present ranks.

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Service Requirement
 All applicants must have attained a minimum of five (5) years of active police service
(excluding cadetship, officer orientation/trainee course, and police basic course) by
the first day of the UNSAT examinations.

PNP CONTIGENTS

 Among the luminaries of the PNP Contingent is Police Director Rodolfo A Tor, who
became the first Filipino police commissioner of a UN operation. In 2006, he was
tasked to head the UN Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste, one of the largest civilian
police operations established by the UN.
 The PNP Contingent's first female member was noncommissioned Senior Police
Officer 2 Ester A Mardicas (deployed to East Timor in August 1999), while its first
female police commissioned officer was Police Inspector Aurisa I Mitra (deployed to
Kosovo in July 2000).

5.3 The UN Convention against Transnational Crimes

 The Convention represents a major step forward in the fight against transnational
organized crime and signifies the recognition of UN Member States that this is a
serious and growing problem that can only be solved through close international
cooperation.
 The Convention, concluded at the 10th session of the Ad Hoc Committee established
by the General Assembly to deal with this problem, is a legally binding instrument
committing States that ratify it to taking a series of measures against transnational
organized crime.

HISTORY
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Date Prepared: June 8, 2020 Approved by: VPAA / ADM / President
 The Convention was adopted by a resolution of the United Nations General Assembly
on 15 November 2000. India joined in 12 December 2002.
 The Convention came into force on 29 September 2003. According to Leoluca
Orlando, Mayor of Palermo, the convention was the first international convention to
fight transnational organized crime, trafficking of human beings, and terrorism.
 In 2014, the UNTOC strengthened its policies regarding wildlife smuggling.
Botswana signed the Anti-Human Trafficking Act of 2014 to comply with UNTOC
on the human smuggling protocol.
 In 2017, as Japan prepared the organization of the 2019 Rugby World Cup, and the
2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics, it faced the issue of not being fully
compliant with the UNTOC, thus jeopardizing its eligibility to organize those events.
 In February 2018, Afghanistan introduced a new penal code which made the country's
laws UNTOC-compliant for the first time.

DESCRIPTION

 UNTOC's three supplementary protocols (the Palermo Protocols) are:

1. Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially
Women and Children.
2. Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air.
3. Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing and Trafficking in Firearms.
 All three of these instruments contain elements of the current international law on
human trafficking, arms trafficking and money laundering. The United Nations Office
on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) acts as custodian of the UNTOC and its protocols.
 The UNTOC is the main legal international instrument to fight organized crime, but
its efficiency depends on each member's ability to implement the organization's
framework. As an example, the UNTOC requires a minimum sentence of four years
imprisonment for transnational organised criminal offences.

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MEMBERS

 As of 19 September 2017, it has 190 parties, which includes 185 United Nations
member states, the Cook Islands, the Holy See, Niue, the State of Palestine, and the
European Union. The nine UN member states that are not party to the Convention are
(* indicates that the state has signed but not ratified the Convention):
 Bhutan
 Republic of the Congo
 Iran
 Papua New Guinea
 Solomon Islands
 Somalia
 South Sudan
 Tuvalu
 In June 2018, the Iranian Parliament approved the bill to join UNTOC, but 10 days
later Khamenei called the bill «unacceptable» and blocked its progress. In January
2019, the bill was still being debated between the Parliament and the Guardian
Council.

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 VI. General Ranks Comparison of National Police Agencies

6.1 Philippines

 As of February 8, 2019, a new ranking classification for the Philippine National

Police was adopted, eliminating confusion of old ranks.
 The enabling law for the ranking is Republic Act 11200 which was signed by
President Rodrigo Duterte, amending the section of the Department of the Interior
and Local Government Act of 1990 that refers to the ranking classification of the
Philippine National Police.
 However, the usage of this classification internally by the PNP was put on hold in
March 2019 during the creation of rules and regulations (IRR) of the rank
classification, which determined how each rank would be officially abbreviated. The
new rank abbreviations and the IRR of the new rank system officially took effect on
March 25, 2019.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS

 Police General (PGEN)

 Police Lieutenant General (PLTGEN)
 Police Major General (PMGEN)
 Police Brigadier General (PBGEN)
 Police Colonel (PCOL)
 Police Lieutenant Colonel (PLTCOL)
 Police Major (PMAJ)
 Police Captain (PCPT)
 Police Lieutenant (PLT)

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS

 Police Chief Master Sergeant (PCMS)

 Police Senior Master Sergeant (PSMS)

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 Police Master Sergeant (PMSg)
 Police Staff Sergeant (PSSg)
 Police Corporal (PCpl)
 Patrolman / Patrolwoman (Pat)

6.2 Australia

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS

 Commissioner
 Deputy Commissioner
 Assistant Commissioner
 Chief Superintendent (Commander)
 Superintendent
 Inspector

SENIOR NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS

 Station Sergeant
 Senior Sergeant
 Sergeant

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS

 Senior Constable
 First Constable
 Constable
 Probationary Constable

6.3 Bahrain
 Marshal/Field Marshal

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 General
 Brigadier
 Colonel
 Lt. Colonel
 Major/Commander
 Captain
 Lieutenant
 2nd Lieutenant
 Officer Cadet

6.4 Bangladesh

SUPERIOR OFFICER

 Inspector General of Police (IGP)

 Additional Inspector General of Police (AddI IGP)
 Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG of Police)
 Additional Deputy Inspector General of Police (AddI DIG of Police)
 Superintendent of Police (SP) / Assistant Inspector General (AIG) (in Police HQ) /
Special Superintendent (SS) (in SB & CID) / Superintendent of Railway Police (SRP)
(in Railway Police)
 Additional Superintendent of Police (AddI SP)
 Senior Assistant Superintendent of Police (Senior ASP)
 Assistant Superintendent

BANGLADESH METROPOLITAN POLICE

 Commissioner of Police
 Joint Commissioner of Police
 Deputy Commissioner of Police (DC)
 Additional Deputy Commissioner of Police (ADC)
 Senior Assistant Commissioner of Police (Senior AC)

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 Assistant Commissioner of Police (AC)

6.5 Belgium

HIGHEST COMMISSIONED RANK

 Hoofdcommissaris / commisaire divisionnaire (Chief Commissioner)

COMMISSIONED RANK

 Commissaris / Commisaire (Commissioner)

SENIOR NON-COMMISSIONED RANK

 Hoofdinspecteur / Inspecteur principal (Chief Inspector / Superintendent)

NON-COMMISSIONED RANK

 Inspector / Inspecteur (Inspector, equivalent to Constable or Officer)

AUXILLARY RANK

 Agent van Politie / Agent de Police (Auxilliary Officer)

6.6 Bhutan

 Gagpoen, the Chief of Police

 Thrimdang Chichhab, the Additional and Deputy Chiefs of Police
 Thrimdag Gongma, the Senior Superintendents of Police, Field and Special Divisions
 Thrimdag Wogma, the Superintendents of Police, Field and Special Divisions
 Dungda, the Additional Superintendents of Police, Field and Special Divisions
 Yongzin, Officer Commanding, Police Stations (commissioned officer)
 Dechhab, Officer Commanding, Police Stations (commissioned officer)
 Gopoen Lopjongpa, Officer Probationer
 Jugpoen Gongma, Officer In charge/In charge (junior commissioned or non-
commissioned officer)

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 Jugpoen, Officer In charge/In charge (junior commissioned or non-commissioned
officer)
 Jungpoen Wogma, Officer In charge/In charge (junior commissioned or non-
commissioned officer)
 Juglop Gongma, In charge (junior commissioned or non-commissioned officer)
 Juglop, In charge (junior commissioned or non-commissioned officer)
 Quilop Gongma
 Quilop
 Denkul
 Gopa
 Gagpa (constables)

6.7 Brazil

The ranks listed below are valid for the state military police agencies (such as PMMG,
PMESP, PMERJ and others) and are listed, respectively, from higher to lower ranks:

 Comandante geral (colonel) (colonel commandant of military police)

 Coronel (colonel)
 Tenente-coronel (lieutenant-colonel)
 Major (major)
 Capitão (captain)
 1º tenente (1st lieutenant)
 2º tenente (2nd lieutenant)
 Aspirante-a-oficial (cadet, student rank)
 Subtenente (under-lieutenant)
 1º sargento (1st sergeant)
 2º sargento (2nd sergeant)
 3º sargento (3rd sergeant)
 Cabo (corporal)
 Soldado de 1ª classe (private 1st class)
 Soldado de 2ª classe (private 2nd class, student rank)

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6.8 Canada

ROYAL CANADIAN MOUNTED POLICE

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS

 Commissioner (Commissaire)
 Deputy Commissioner (Sous-commissaire)
 Assistant Commissioner (Commissaire Adjoint)
 Chief Superintendent (Surintendant)
 Inspector (Inspecteur)

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS

 Corps Sergeant Major (Srgent-major du corps)

 Sergeant Major (Sergent-major)
 Staff Sergeant Major (Sergent-major d’etat major)
 Staff Sergeant (Sergent d’etat major)
 Sergeant (Sergent)
 Corporal (Caporal)
 Constable (Gendarme)

SÛRETÉ DU QUÉBEC
COMMISSIONED OFFICERS

 Directeur general (Director general of the SQ)

 Directeur adjoint (Associate Director)
 Inspecteur chief (Chief Inspector)
 Inspecteur (Inspector)
 Capitaine (Captain)
 Lieutenant (Lieutenant)

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS

 Sergent (Sergeant)

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 Chef d’equip (Team Leader)
 Agent (Constable)

6.9 Chile

INVESTIGATIONS POLICE OF CHILE

 Director general
 Prefecto general
 Prefecto inspector
 Prefecto
 Subprefecto
 Comisario
 Subcomisario
 Inspector
 Subinspector
 Detective
 Aspirante

6.10 France

POLICE NATIONALE
EMPLOI DIRECTION

 Director general of the National Police (Directeur général de la police nationale)

 Director of active services (Directeur des services actifs)
 Inspector general of active services (Inspecteur general des services actifs)
 Comptroller general of active services (Contrôleur general des services actifs)

CORPS DE CONCEPTION ET DE DIRECTION

 Commissioner general (Commissaire général)

 Divisional commissioner (Commissaire divisionnaire)
 Principal commissioner (Commissaire principal) [Abolished 2005]

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 Commissioner (Commissaire de police)

CORPS DE COMMANDEMENT

 Functional police divisional major (Commandant divisionnaire fonctionnel)

 Police divisional major (Commandant divisionnaire)
 Police major (Commandant de police)
 Police captain (Capitaine de police)
 Police lieutenant (Lieutenant de police)
 Probationary police lieutenant (Lieutenant de police stagiaire)
 Police lieutenant cadet (élève lieutenant de police)

CORPS D'ENCADREMENT ET D'APPLICATION

 Police brigadier major (Major de police)

 Police chief brigadier (Brigadier-chef de police)
 Police brigadier (Brigadier de police)
 Police constable (Gardien de la Paix)
 Probationary police constable (Gardien de la Paix stagiaire)
 Police constable cadet (élève gardien de la Paix)

6.11 Hong Kong

GAZETTED
 Commissioner of police (CP) (Traditional Chinese: 警務處處長): crest over pip over
wreathed and crossed batons
 Deputy commissioner of police (DCP) (Traditional Chinese: 警務處副處長): crest
over wreathed and crossed batons
 Senior assistant commissioner of police (SACP) (Traditional Chinese: 警務處高級助
理處長): pip over wreathed and crossed batons
 Assistant commissioner of police (ACP) (Traditional Chinese: 警務處助理處長):
wreathed and crossed batons

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 Chief superintendent of police (CSP) (Traditional Chinese: 總警司): crest over two
pips
 Senior superintendent of police (SSP) (Traditional Chinese: 高級警司): crest over pip
 Superintendent of police (SP) (Traditional Chinese: 警司): crest

INSPECTORATE

 Chief inspector of police (CIP) (Traditional Chinese: 總督察): three pips

 Senior inspector of police (SIP) (Traditional Chinese: 高級督察): two pips over bar
 Inspector of police (IP) (Traditional Chinese: 督察): two pips
 Probationary inspector of police (PI) (Traditional Chinese: 見習督察): pip

6.12 India

GAZETTED OFFICERS
 Director of Intelligence Bureau (GOI)¹
 Director General of Police²
 Additional Director General of Police²
 Inspector General of Police
 Deputy Inspector General of Police
 Senior Superintendent of Police (Selection Grade)
 Superintendent of Police
 Additional Superintendent of Police
 Deputy Superintendent of Police
 Assistant Superintendent of Police (Probationary Rank: 2 years of service)
 Assistant Superintendent of Police (Probationary Rank: 1 year of service)

NON-GAZETTED OFFICERS
 Police inspector
 Sub-inspector
 Assistant sub-inspector
 Police head constable

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 Senior police constable
 Constable

6.13 Iran

OFFICERS ENLISTED
 Lieutenant General  Sergeant Major
 Major General  Master Sergeant
 Brigadier General  Sergeant
 2nd Brigadier General  First Class
 Colonel  Staff Sergeant
 Lieutenant Colonel  Sergeant
 Major  Corporal
 Captain  Policeman First Class
 1st Lieutenant  Senior Policeman
 2nd Lieutenant  Policeman
 3rd Lieutenant
 Officer Cadet

6.14 Japan

OFFICERS
 Commissioner General (Keisatsu-chō Chōkan)
 Superintendent General (Keishi-sōkan)
 Senior Commissioner (Keishi-kan)
 Commissioner (Keishi-chō)
 Assistant Commissioner (Keishi-sei)
 Superintendent (Keishi)
 Police Chief Inspector (Keibu)
 Inspector (Keibu-ho)
 Sergeant (Junsa-buchō)
 Senior Police Officer (Junsa-chō)

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 Police officer (Junsa)

6.15 Malaysia

GAZETTE OFFICERS

COMMISSIONERS

 Inspector-General of Police (IGP)

 Deputy Inspector-General of Police (DIG)
 Commissioner of Police (CP)
 Deputy Commissioner of Police (DCP)
 Senior Assistant Commissioner of Police (SAC)
 Assistant Commissioner of Police (ACP)

SUPERINTENDENTS

 Superintendent of Police (SUPT)

 Deputy Superintendent of Police (DSP)
 Assistant Superintendent of Police (ASP)
 Inspector (Insp)
 Probationary Inspector (P/Insp)

RANK AND FILE OFFICERS

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS

 Sub-Inspector (SI)
 Sergeant Major (SM)
 Sergeant (Sgt)
 Corporal (Cpl)

CONSTABLES
 Lance Corporal (L/Cpl)

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 Constable (PC)

6.16 Netherlands

 First Chief Commissioner (Eerste Hoofdcommissaris)

 Chief Commissioner (Hoofdcommissaris)
 Chief Superintendent (Commissaris)
 Superintendent (Hoofdinspecteur)
 Inspector (Inspecteur)
 Sergeant (Brigadier)
 Senior Constable (Hoofdagent)
 Constable (Agent)
 Police Patrol Officer (Surveillant)
 Police Trainee (Aspirant)
 Non Executive Employee (Niet-Executieve Medewerker)

6.17 Spain

SUPERIOR GRADES DEPUTY INSPECTOR

 Director Adjunto Operativo (DAO)  Subinspector
 Subdirector General
 Comisario General/Jefe de División BASIC
 Jefe Superior  Oficial de Policía
 Policía
SUPERIOR
 Comisario Principal STUDENT
 Comisario  Inspector Alumno en Prácticas
 Inspector Alumno de 2º año
EXECUTIVE  Inspector Alumno de 1º año
 Inspector Jefe  Policía en Prácticas
 Inspector  Policía Alumno

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6.18 Thailand

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS

 Police General
 Police Lieutenant General
 Police Major General
 Police Senior Colonel
 Police Colonel
 Police Lieutenant Colonel
 Police Major
 Police Captain
 Police Lieutenant
 Police Sub Lieutenant
 Police Cadet Officer

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS

 Police Sergeant Major

 Police Staff Sergeant
 Police Sergeant
 Police Corporal
 Police Lance Corporal
 Police Constable

6.19 Vietnam

OFFICERS

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 Police general (Đại tướng Công an)
 Police Colonel general (Thượng tướng Công an)
 Police Lieutenant General (Trung tướng Công an)
 Police Major General (Thiếu tướng Công an)
 Police Senior Colonel (Đại tá Công an)
 Police Colonel (Thượng tá Công an)
 Police Lieutenant Colonel (Trung tá Công an)
 Police Major (Thiếu tá Công an)
 Police Captain (Đại úy Công an)
 Police Senior Lieutenant (Thượng úy Công an)
 Police Lieutenant (Trung úy Công an)
 Police Junior Lieutenant (Thiếu úy Công an)

NCOs and ENLISTED

 Sergeant Major (Thượng sĩ Công an)

 Sergeant (Trung sĩ Công an)
 Corporal (Hạ sĩ Công an)
 Policeman 1st Class (Chiến sĩ bậc 1)
 Policeman 2nd Class (Chiến sĩ bậc 2)

MODULE I

Prepared by: Jasper Jim A. Langreo, RCrim Verified by: Dept. Head of BS Criminology
Date Prepared: June 8, 2020 Approved by: VPAA / ADM / President
 QUIZZES (30%) _____________
PROJECTS (30%) _____________
EXAMINATION (40%) _____________

TOTAL (100%) _____________

_________________________________
INSTRUCTOR

Prepared by: Jasper Jim A. Langreo, RCrim Verified by: Dept. Head of BS Criminology
Date Prepared: June 8, 2020 Approved by: VPAA / ADM / President