SIMPLE Structure : Note : Contoh subjek jamak :

PRESENT (+ ) S + V1s/es + O  Pada kalimat (+ ), (+) I study everyday

(Kegiatan ( - ) S + do/does + not + V1 + O V1 menggunakan s/es (- ) I do not study everday
sehari-hari ( ?) Do/does + S + V1 + O + ? jika subjeknya tunggal (?) Do I study everyday?
(he,she,it, atau nama
atau fakta)
orang tunggal),
Contoh subjek tunggal :
dan tidak menggunakan
(+) She studies everyday
s/es jika subjeknya jamak
(- ) She does not study
(they, we, I, you, atau
everyday
nama orang lebih dari 1)
 Pada kalimat (-) dan (?), (?) Does she study

Menggunakan do jika everyday?

subjeknya jamak,
dan menggunakan does
jika subjeknya tunggal.
PRESENT Structure : Note : Contoh menggunakan is :
PROGRESSIVE (+) S + is/am/are + V_ing + O  Is digunakan untuk (+) He is studying English.
(Kegiatan yang (- ) S + is/am/are + not + V_ing subjek He, She, It, atau (- ) He is not studying
sedang terjadi (?) is/am/are + S + V_ing + O ? nama orang tunggal. English.
saat ini)  Are digunakan untuk (?) Is he studying now
subjek They, We, You, English?
atau nama orang lebih
dari 1. Contoh menggunakan are :
 Am digunakan hanya (+) We are studying English
untuk I. (-) We are not studying
English
(?) Are we studying English?

Contoh menggunakan am:

(+) I am studying English.
(- ) I am not studying
English.
(?) Am I studying English?
SIMPLE PAST Structure : Note : Contoh :
(Kegiatan di (+) S + V2 + O Verb 2 hanya digunakan (+) I studied English
masa lalu) (- ) S + did + not + V1 + O pada kalimat (+). (- ) I did not study English.
(?) Did + S + V1 + O + ? (?) Did I study English?

PAST Structure : Note : Contoh menggunakan was :

PROGRESSIVE (+) S + was/were + V.ing + O  Was digunakan untuk (+) Tio was studying English
(Kegiatan yang (- ) S+was/were+not +V.ing+O subjek I, He, She, It, (- ) Tio was not studying
sedang terjadi (?) Was/were + S + V.ing + O ? atau nama orang English
di masa lalu tunggal. (?) Was Tio studying
ketika  Were digunakan untuk English?
kegiatan lain subjek They, We, You,
terjadi) atau nama orang lebih Contoh menggunakan were
dari satu. (+) They were studying
English
(- ) They were not studying
English
(?) Were they studying
English?

PRESENT Structure : Note : Contoh menggunakan has :

PERFECT (+) S + has/have + V3 + O  Has digunakan untuk (+) Dita has studied since I
(Kegiatan yang (- ) S + has/have + not + V3 + O subjek He, She, It, dan came
dimulai di (?) Has/have + S + V3 + O ? nama orang tunggal. (- ) Dita has not studied
masa lalu,  Have digunakan untuk since I came
namun masih subjek They, We, You, (?) Has Dita studied since
terjadi sampai I, atau nama orang I came?
saat ini) lebih dari 1.
Contoh menggunakan have
(+) I have studied since you
came
(- ) I have not studied since
you came
(?) Have I studied since you
came?

PRESENT Structure : Note : Contoh menggunakan has:

PERFECT (+) S + has/have + been + V.ing  Has digunakan untuk (+) He has been studying for
PROGRESSIVE (-)S+has/have+not+been+V.ing subjek He, She, It, dan 2 hours.
(Kegiatan yang (?) Has/have + S + been + V.ing nama orang tunggal. (- ) He has not been
dimulai di  Have digunakan untuk studying for 2 hours.
masa lalu, subjek They, We, You, (?) Has he been studying for
namun masih I, atau nama orang 2 hours?
terjadi sampai lebih dari 1.
saat ini dan Contoh menggunakan have
lebih (+) We have been studying
menekankan for 2 hours.
pada (- ) We have not been
durasi/waktu) studying for 2 hours.
(?) Have we been studying
for 2 hours?
PAST PERFECT Structure : Contoh :
(Kegiatan yang (+) S + had + V3 + O (+) I had studied when you
dimulai dan (- ) S + had + not + V3 + O came.
telah selesai di (?) Had + S + V3 + O + ? (- ) I had not studied when
masa lalu) you came.
(?) Had I studied when you
came?
PAST PERFECT Structure : Contoh :
PROGRESSIVE (+) S + had + been + V.ing + O (+) I had been studying for 2
(Kegiatan yang (- ) S+had+not+ been+V.ing +O hours when you came.
dimulai dan (?) Had+S+been+V.ing +O+? (- ) I had not been studying
telah selesai di for 2 hours when you
masa lalu, dan
came.
lebih
(?) Had I been studying for
menekankan
2 hours when you
pada
came?
durasi/waktu)
SIMPLE Structure : Note : Contoh :
 Be pada “be going to”
FUTURE (+) S + will/be going to + V1 (+) She is going to go to
menggunakan is/am/are
(Kegiatan yang (-) S + will + not + V1, atau  Will digunakan untuk hal America next month
yang bersifat prediksi atau
akan terjadi di S + be + not + going to + V1 (- ) She is not going to go to
keinginan
masa depan) (?) Will + S + V1 ?, atau  Be going to digunakan Americe next month
Be + S + going to + V1 ? untuk hal yang bersifat (?) Is she going to go to
prediksi atau rencana
America next month?
FUTURE Structure : Note : Contoh :
 Be pada “be going to”
PROGRESSIVE (+) S+will/be going to+be+V.ing (+) It is going to be raining
menggunakan is/am/are
(Kegiatan yang (-) S + will+not+be+ V.ing, atau  Will digunakan untuk hal when you come.
yang bersifat prediksi atau
akan sedang S+be+not+going to+ V.ing (- ) It is not going to be
keinginan
 dilakukan di (?) Will + S + be + V.ing ?, atau Be going to digunakan raining when you come
untuk hal yang bersifat
masa depan) Be + S+ going to +be + V.ing? (?) Is it going to be raining
prediksi atau rencana
when you come?
FUTURE Structure : Contoh :
PERFECT (+) S + will + have + V3 + O (+) It is June. I will graduate
(Kegiatan yang (- ) S + will + not + have + V3 + O on July. I will have
akan telah (?) Will + S + have + V3 + O ? graduated on August.
selesai (- ) I will not have graduated
dilakukan di on August
masa depan) (?) Will I have graduated on
August?
FUTURE Structure : Contoh :
PERFECT (+) S+will+have+been+V.ing + O (+) I will sleep at 9. You will
PROGRESSIVE (- ) S+will+not+have+been+V.ing come at 10. I will have
(Kegiatan yang (?) Will+S+have+been+V.ing+O ? been sleeping for 2
akan telah hours when you come.
selesai (- ) I will not have been
dilakukan di sleeping for 2 hours.
masa depan (?) Will I have been sleeping
dan lebih for 2 hours?
menekankan
pada
durasi/waktu)

TIME SIGNAL
PERFECT
SIMPLE PRESENT SIMPLE PAST PERFECT FUTURE
PROGRESSIVE
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSES TENSES
TENSES
On... Now Yesterday When + S+V2 Since Since Tomorrow
Every .... Right now This morning For For Tonight
Always Today Last .... Already Already Later
Usually Still ..... ago While + Yet Yet Soon
Often At this moment Just now S+was+ V .ing Never All..... Next .........
were
Sometimes This ....... formerly Ever Recently
Seldom So far Lately
Rarely Command : Up to now
Barely (keep silent!, be Until now
Frequently quite!, ......) .......... times
Occasionally
Never Sounds :
Ever (ssst!, ......)
Once in .......
Twice in ......
Three times in...
Four times in...
......