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Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. Thesis / IV

This thesis investigates using microwave-assisted extraction and microbial fermentation to produce organic fertilizer from water hyacinth. Microwave-assisted extraction was used to optimize the breakdown of lignin and release of cellulose and hemicellulose from water hyacinth samples of different sizes using various calcium hydroxide solvent concentrations and extraction times. The optimal conditions produced 54 mg/g of total reducing sugars. These conditions were then used to produce compost at C/N ratios of 15 and 20, with the C/N 20 compost maturing faster with higher nutrient levels but a stronger odor initially. Microwave pretreatment showed promise for accelerating organic fertilizer production times from water hyacinth.

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36 views

Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. Thesis / IV

This thesis investigates using microwave-assisted extraction and microbial fermentation to produce organic fertilizer from water hyacinth. Microwave-assisted extraction was used to optimize the breakdown of lignin and release of cellulose and hemicellulose from water hyacinth samples of different sizes using various calcium hydroxide solvent concentrations and extraction times. The optimal conditions produced 54 mg/g of total reducing sugars. These conditions were then used to produce compost at C/N ratios of 15 and 20, with the C/N 20 compost maturing faster with higher nutrient levels but a stronger odor initially. Microwave pretreatment showed promise for accelerating organic fertilizer production times from water hyacinth.

Uploaded by

Rantau Silalahi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ.

Thesis / iv

PRODUCTION OF WATER HYACINTH FERTILIZER USING MICROWAVE-


ASSISTED EXTRACTION AND MICROBIAL FERMENTATION

HENDRI RANTAU 6037953 EGIC/M

M.Eng. (INTEGRATED CHEMICAL ENGINEERING)

THESIS ADVISORY COMMITTEE : NUTTAWAN YOSWATHANA, Ph.D.,


TIENCHAI TONTHAI, Ph.D.

ABSTRACT
Water hyacinth is an aquatic plant that has emerged as a major invasive
weed and high reproduction rate at Soi Bon canal in Klong Yong, Phutthamonthon,
Thailand. As a lignocellulosic plant material, it can be made into an organic fertilizer
at 60-90 days. Microwave-assisted extraction was to investigate the effect of different
solvents concentration, various sizes of material and the optimization model for
hydrolyzed cellulose and hemicellulose from lignin structure disruption of water
hyacinth. The result showed that calcium hydroxide solvent was the best solvent for
total reducing sugar extraction from water hyacinth with size as 3-5 cm. Composting is
a controlled process and can be done using any kind of biomass material. In doing
composting, there are several parameters that must be concerned, C/N ratio of raw
material, aeration, moisture, type of composting (aerobic or anaerobic) Box-Behnken
design was conducted for microwave-assisted pretreatment at 450 watts with using
three parameters; the solid to liquid ratios as 1:10, 1:15, and 1:20 with volume of
liquid at 30 ml, extraction times of 20, 30, and 40 minutes, and calcium hydroxide
solvent at various concentrations as 0.1, 0.55, and 1 %wt.
The optimum conditions of total reducing sugar from water hyacinth
solution were 54 mg/g at the solid to liquid ratio as 1:10, the concentration of calcium
hydroxide at 0.55 %wt, and 30 minutes of extraction time. The optimum conditions
were used to make compost using two types of treatment, C/N 15 and C/N 20, the
result was maturation phase for C/N 15 and C/N 20 was 9 and 11 days but C/N 20 has
higher nutrients value content compare to C/N 15. At day 9 of composting, for
treatment C/N 15 does not has any odour smell but for treatment, C/N 20 still has
odour smell but not as strong as from day 1 to day 8. And at day 11, C/N 20 treatment
does not have any odour smell, PH 7.8. At day 9, C/N 15 composting treatment has
PH 7.01, both physical soil like and dark brown colour. Microwave-assisted
pretreatment using calcium hydroxide solution was an alternative of organic fertilizer
production at shorter times for fermentation.

KEY WORDS: WATER HYACINTH / MICROWAVE-ASSISTED EXTRACTION


(MAE) / SOLID-STATE FERMENTATION/TOTAL REDUCING
SUGAR/LIGNOCELLULOSIC

72 pages

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