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Module 1: Knowing Oneself

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
95 views6 pages

Module 1: Knowing Oneself

Uploaded by

Charmyne
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Zamora Memorial College

Senior High School Department


Personal Development

Module 1: Knowing Oneself


 The self is the union of elements that make up your unique traits or personality, and these
essential distinguish you from others.
 By understanding your strengths and weaknesses, you are more empowered to realize your
potential to the fullest.
 By becoming more aware of yourself, you are equipped to make wiser decisions about crucial
issues in life.
 A healthy relationship with others begins with a healthy relationship with self.
Knowing oneself
- Defining the self
- Personality (nature, nurture, personality)
- Traits theory
- Measuring personality
After going through the lessons in this module, you should be able to get at least a satisfactory
work on the following:
a.conduct self-exploration and simple disclosure;
b.expound that knowing oneself can discover your own concept of strengths and limitations, and deal
with others better;
c.share your unique characteristics, habits, and experiences

TASK. On the box below, draw a symbol or symbols of what represents your “self”. Write a short
explanation about the symbol that you draw on the speech bubble.

STUDY THESE
LESSON 1. Defining the self
Before we discuss how to know one’s self, we must define first the concept of the “self”.in
philosophical terms, it is the being, which is the source of a person’s consciousness. It is the agent
responsible for an individual’s thoughts and actions. Based on this definition the self is an intangible
entity that directs a person’s thoughts and actions. It is outside the physical realm of the person.

Copyright ©2016 by Rex Bookstore and Ricardo Rubio Santos


The “self” is identified in various context, such as in psychology, sociology, and religion. The “self” is
the essence of a person: his thoughts, feelings and actions experiences, beliefs, values, principles,
and relationships. The “self” includes a person’s life purpose, meaning, and aspirations.
If the “self” is defined as the cognitive and affective representation of one’s identity, it is then defined
in terms of human characteristics such as behavior and thought.

According to Socrates, the most important thing to pursue is self- knowledge, and admitting one’s
ignorance is the beginning of true knowledge.

LESSON 2. Personality (nature, nurture, personality)


In psychology, the term personality is referred to as the set of behaviors, feelings, thoughts,
and motives that identifies an individual. Personality is the essence of who we are and is the
embodiment of one’s physical psychological, cognitive, affective, and spiritual self. Therefore, when
we speak of the “self”, we will describe it in personality terms.

Personality is influenced both by nature which is the heredity or genetic make- up, and nurture
which talks about the environment. It is a complex combination of genes, environment exposure and
experiences and cultural backgrounds. There are common personality traits that cross many cultures.
Agreeableness and openness to experiences are some examples of these cross-cultural traits.

Self- concept
Let us get a bigger picture of how you see yourself.
Domains Check the box that applies to you. Answer the following questions.
Physical I like how I look What are your physical assets?
appearance I find myself attractive
There are physical features that I wish
I can change
I do not feel confident with my body
I wish I have a perfect body

What do you not like in your body?

Health I am healthy What do you want or need to do to


I am fit and strong keep yourself fit and healthy?
I am sickly
I have been hospitalized several times
I am not conscious of what I eat
I have allergies
I exercise regularly
I am overweight

Activities I am athletic What specific activities do you


I have regular sports enjoy?
I go out with friends regularly
I like outdoors activities
I am a couch potato
I like staying at home. I am a homebody.
I like doing arts or creative activities
I read a lot.

School I am always present in class. What do you need to improve in


performance I am late most of the time. your studies?
I try to do my best in class.

Copyright ©2016 by Rex Bookstore and Ricardo Rubio Santos


I take good notes of our lessons.
I am prompt in submitting projects.
I actively participate in class.
I am not happy with my grades.

Interpersona I easily get along with each other. What type of people are you most
l I have many friends. comfortable with?
relationships I keep a small group of friends.
I avoid conflicts as much as I can.
I do not
easily warm up with people.

Personal I am friendly. What are your other qualities that


qualities I am outgoing. are not mentioned in the list?
I am shy.
I am caring.
I am a good listener.
I am patient.
I am creative.
I love nature.
I am observant.
I am emotional.
I am independent.
I am a good leader.
I like performing (singing, acting, dancing,
among others).
I like using my hands to create things.

Identifying strengths and weaknesses


1. What are your strong points?
 Skills:___________________________________________________________________
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 Talents:
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 Passion:
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 Interests:
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2. What areas of improvement do you need for self- development?
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Copyright ©2016 by Rex Bookstore and Ricardo Rubio Santos


Lesson 3: Trait Theories
Personality deals with traits and disposition. Trait theory is an approach in identifying types of
personalities based on certain traits or attribute, which vary from one person to another.
(traitheory.com)

BIG FIVE

LOW SCORES HIGH SCORES


Extroversion Loner Joiner
Quiet Talkative
Passive Active
Reserved Affectionate

Agreeableness Suspicious Trusting


Critical Lenient
Ruthless Soft- hearted
Irritable Good- natured

Conscientiousness Negligent Conscientious


Lazy Hard-working
Disorganized Well-organized
Late Punctual

Neuroticism Calm Worried


Even-tempered Temperamental
Comfortable Self-conscious
Unemotional Emotional

Openness to experience Down-to-earth Imaginative


Uncreative Creative
Conventional Original
Uncurious Curious

Psychologist Costa and McRea(1992) developed and categorized scheme that described
personality. Based on their research, they discovered the existence of five universal and widely
agreed upon dimensions of personality. These dimensions or tendencies are openness to
experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. For it to be easily
remembered, it uses the acronym OCEAN. These dimensions may be described using its most
positive traits:

Openness to experience - Curiosity, interest, imagination, and creativity to new ideas


Conscientiousness- planning, organizing, controlling, preserving, and punctuality
Extraversion- sociable, talkative, active, outgoing, and fun-loving
Agreeableness- friendly, warm, trusting, generous, and kind-hearted
Neuroticism- calm, relaxed, and comfortable

Lesson 4: Measuring Personality


There are different ways to measure personality. One is by observing people’s behavior. This
is quite limited as other people may not be able to observe all aspects of personality such as
loneliness, which is the internal and is observed by others very subjectively.

The Myers- Briggs Type indicator


Katherine Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers developed the Myers- Briggs personality model
based on four preferences of individuals. These are:
 E or I (Extraversion or Introversion) is how an individual prefers to channel his or her energy
when dealing with people, whether it is inward(introversion) or outward (extroversion).
 S or N (Sensing or Intuition) is how one prefers to process information, whether using senses
such as being able to describe what one sees, or intuitively like dealing with ideas.

Copyright ©2016 by Rex Bookstore and Ricardo Rubio Santos


 T or F (Thinking or feeling) is how individual prefers to make decisions, either thinking or using
logic and analysis, or feeling which uses the cognitive senses based on values or beliefs.

 J or P (Judgement or Perception) is how an individual prefers to manage one’s life. Whether


through judging, which means a planned and organized life, or perception, which has a more
approach to living.

Summarizing the Big Ideas in this chapter


1. The self can be defined in different ways: philosophically, psychologically, spiritually, and in
thoughts, actions, or behavior.
2. Personality is the unique and enduring sets of behaviors, feelings, thoughts, motives, and
attitudes that characterize a person.
3. Both nature (heredity or genetic) and nurture (environment) influence the development of
one’s personality.
4. The different personality theories and one of which is the Big Five or Five Factor Model by
Costa and McRea, defines Five dimensions of personality: openness to experience,
conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
5. Personality traits can be measured using different personality tests such as the Myers-
Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI).

EVALUATE
1. How does knowing oneself better make a person accept his strengths and limitations, and
improve the way he deals with others?
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2. Share some of your unique characteristics, habits, and experiences.
_____________________________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________________________
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Copyright ©2016 by Rex Bookstore and Ricardo Rubio Santos


ELABORATE
Explain the quotation by Oscar Wilde: “To love oneself is the beginning of a lifelong romance”.
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EXTEND
Write your thoughts and feelings about what you have discovered and understood about your “self”,
your personality and personality traits, and your reflection regarding the question
“Who am I”?
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Copyright ©2016 by Rex Bookstore and Ricardo Rubio Santos

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