Scribd
Upload
82 views

Introduction To Databases in Python: Creating Databases and Tables

The document provides an introduction to creating, modifying, and deleting data from databases and tables in Python. It discusses how to initialize databases, build tables by defining columns, insert data into tables, update and delete rows from tables, and drop tables. Code examples are given for each operation to demonstrate how to interact with database tables programmatically using SQLAlchemy.

Uploaded by

NourheneMbarek
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
82 views

Introduction To Databases in Python: Creating Databases and Tables

The document provides an introduction to creating, modifying, and deleting data from databases and tables in Python. It discusses how to initialize databases, build tables by defining columns, insert data into tables, update and delete rows from tables, and drop tables. Code examples are given for each operation to demonstrate how to interact with database tables programmatically using SQLAlchemy.

Uploaded by

NourheneMbarek
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 31

INTRODUCTION TO DATABASES IN PYTHON

Creating

Databases
and
Tables
Introduction to Databases in Python

Creating Databases
● Varies by the database type
● Databases like PostgreSQL and MySQL have

command line tools to initialize the database
● With SQLite, the create_engine() statement will 

create the database and file is they do not already exist
Introduction to Databases in Python

Building a Table
In [1]: from sqlalchemy import (Table, Column, String,
...: Integer, Decimal, Boolean)

In [2]: employees = Table('employees', metadata,


...: Column('id', Integer()), 

...: Column('name', String(255)), 

...: Column('salary', Decimal()), 

...: Column('active', Boolean()))

In [3]: metadata.create_all(engine)

In [4]: engine.table_names()
Out[4]: [u'employees']
Introduction to Databases in Python

Creating Tables
● Still uses the Table object like we did for reflection
● Replaces the autoload keyword arguments with 

Column objects
● Creates the tables in the actual database by using 

the create_all() method on the MetaData
instance
● You need to use other tools to handle database 

table updates, such as Alembic or raw SQL
Introduction to Databases in Python

Creating Tables - Additional Column Options


● unique forces all values for the data in a column to be
unique
● nullable determines if a column can be empty in a 

row
● default sets a default value if one 

isn’t supplied.
Introduction to Databases in Python

Building a Table with Additional Options


In [1]: employees = Table('employees', metadata,
...: Column('id', Integer()), 

...: Column('name', String(255), unique=True,
...: nullable=False), 

...: Column('salary', Float(), default=100.00),
...: Column('active', Boolean(), default=True))

In [2]: employees.constraints
Out[2]: {CheckConstraint(... 

Column('name', String(length=255), table=<employees>,
nullable=False), 

Column('salary', Float(), table=<employees>,
default=ColumnDefault(100.0)), 

Column('active', Boolean(), table=<employees>,
default=ColumnDefault(True)) ...
UniqueConstraint(Column('name', String(length=255),
table=<employees>, nullable=False))}
INTRODUCTION TO DATABASES IN PYTHON

Let’s practice!
INTRODUCTION TO DATABASES IN PYTHON

Inserting Data
into a
Table
Introduction to Databases in Python

Adding Data to a Table


● Done with the insert() statement
● Insert() takes the table we are loading data into as the
argument
● We add all the values we want to insert in with 

the values clause as column=value pairs
● Doesn’t return any rows, so no need for a fetch method
Introduction to Databases in Python

Inserting One Row


In [1]: from sqlalchemy import insert

In [2]: stmt = insert(employees).values(id=1,


name='Jason', salary=1.00, active=True)

In [3]: result_proxy = connection.execute(stmt)

In [4]: print(result_proxy.rowcount)
Out[4]: 1
Introduction to Databases in Python

Inserting Multiple Rows


● Build an insert statement without any values
● Build a list of dictionaries that represent all the 

values clauses for the rows you want to insert
● Pass both the stmt and the values list to the
execute method on connection
Introduction to Databases in Python

Inserting Multiple Rows


In [1]: stmt = insert(employees)
In [2]: values_list = [
{'id': 2, 'name': 'Rebecca', 'salary': 2.00,
'active': True},
{'id': 3, 'name': 'Bob', 'salary': 0.00,
'active': False}
]

In [3]: result_proxy = connection.execute(stmt,


values_list)

In [4]: print(result_proxy.rowcount)
Out[4]: 2
INTRODUCTION TO DATABASES IN PYTHON

Let’s practice!
INTRODUCTION TO DATABASES IN PYTHON

Updating 

Data
in a
Table
Introduction to Databases in Python

Updating Data in a Table


● Done with the update statement
● Similar to the insert statement but includes a where
clause to determine what record will be updated
● We add all the values we want to update with 

the values clause as column=value pairs
Introduction to Databases in Python

Updating One Row


In [1]: from sqlalchemy import update

In [2]: stmt = update(employees)

In [3]: stmt = stmt.where(employees.columns.id == 3)

In [4]: stmt = stmt.values(active=True)

In [5]: result_proxy = connection.execute(stmt)

In [6]: print(result_proxy.rowcount)
Out[6]: 1
Introduction to Databases in Python

Updating Multiple Rows


● Build a where clause that will select all the records you want
to update
Introduction to Databases in Python

Inserting Multiple Rows


In [1]: stmt = update(employees)

In [2]: stmt = stmt.where(


employees.columns.active == True
)

In [3]: stmt = stmt.values(active=False, salary=0.00)

In [4]: result_proxy = connection.execute(stmt)

In [5]: print(result_proxy.rowcount)
Out[5]: 3
Introduction to Databases in Python

Correlated Updates
In [1]: new_salary = select([employees.columns.salary])

In [2]: new_salary = new_salary.order_by(desc(


...: employees.columns.salary)
)

In [3]: new_salary = new_salary.limit(1)

In [4]: stmt = update(employees)

In [5]: stmt = stmt.values(salary=new_salary)

In [6]: result_proxy = connection.execute(stmt)

In [7]: print(result_proxy.rowcount)
Out[7]: 3
Introduction to Databases in Python

Correlated Updates
● Uses a select() statement to find the value for the
column we are updating
● Commonly used to update records to a maximum value or
change a string to match an abbreviation from another table
INTRODUCTION TO DATABASES IN PYTHON

Let’s practice!
Introduction to Databases in Python

Deleting 

Data
from a
Database
Introduction to Databases in Python

Deleting Data from a Table


● Done with the delete() statement
● delete() takes the table we are loading data into as 

the argument
● A where() clause is used to choose which rows to
delete
● Hard to undo so BE CAREFUL!!!
Introduction to Databases in Python

Deleting all Data from a Table


In [1]: from sqlalchemy import delete

In [2]: stmt = select([


func.count(extra_employees.columns.id)])

In [3]: connection.execute(stmt).scalar()
Out[3]: 3

In [4]: delete_stmt = delete(extra_employees)

In [5]: result_proxy = connection.execute(delete_stmt)

In [6]: result_proxy.rowcount
Out[6]: 3
Introduction to Databases in Python

Deleting Specific Rows


● Build a where clause that will select all the records you want
to delete
Introduction to Databases in Python

Deleting Specific Rows


In [1]: stmt = delete(employees).where(
employees.columns.id == 3)

In [2]: result_proxy = connection.execute(stmt)

In [3]: result_proxy.rowcount
Out[3]: 1
Introduction to Databases in Python

Dropping a Table Completely


● Uses the drop method on the table
● Accepts the engine as an argument so it knows 

where to remove the table from
● Won’t remove it from metadata until the python process is
restarted
Introduction to Databases in Python

Dropping a table
In [1]: extra_employees.drop(engine)

In [2]: print(extra_employees.exists(engine))
Out[2]: False
Introduction to Databases in Python

Dropping all the Tables


● Uses the drop_all() method on MetaData
Introduction to Databases in Python

Dropping all the Tables


In [1]: metadata.drop_all(engine)

In [2]: engine.table_names()
Out[2]: []
INTRODUCTION TO DATABASES IN PYTHON

Let’s practice!

You might also like