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Cellular Concepts

Cellular concepts involve theoretical, ideal, and real coverage areas from center-excited cells using omni-directional antennas. Frequency reuse and planning are important concepts, where the same frequencies can be used in different cells as long as they are not adjacent. This is done by using a frequency reuse pattern where the cluster size determines the distance between co-channel cells that use the same frequency. The frequency reuse ratio is related to cluster size and capacity must balance transmission quality and co-channel interference.

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Annapurna Rathod
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18 views

Cellular Concepts

Cellular concepts involve theoretical, ideal, and real coverage areas from center-excited cells using omni-directional antennas. Frequency reuse and planning are important concepts, where the same frequencies can be used in different cells as long as they are not adjacent. This is done by using a frequency reuse pattern where the cluster size determines the distance between co-channel cells that use the same frequency. The frequency reuse ratio is related to cluster size and capacity must balance transmission quality and co-channel interference.

Uploaded by

Annapurna Rathod
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CELLULAR CONCEPTS

(a) Theoretical Coverage


(b) Ideal Coverage
(c) Real Coverage
Center –excited cells with Omni directional Antennas
Frequency Reuse or Frequency Planning

D
D
• Frequency reuse implies that , in a given
coverage area there are several cells that use
the same set of frequencies.
• These channels are called as Co-channel Cells
and the interference between signals from
these cells is called Co-Channel Interference.
Method to locate Co-Channel Cells
• In order to connect without gaps between
adjacent cells, the geometry of the cells is such
that the number of cells per cluster N can have
the values which satisfy
Where i & j are non negative integers..
• To find the nearest co-channel neighbors of a
particular cell, one must do the following (a)
move i cells along any chain of hexagons and (b)
turn 60o counter- clock wise & move j cells.
Example for N=3 , i.e i=1 &j=1
Reuse Number
• The frequency reuse distance can be
calculated by,
D=R(3N)1/2 or D=R

Where R= cell radius and N= reuse pattern or


Cluster size.
Example
• For a mobile system cluster size of 7, determine the frequency reuse
distance if the cell radius is five kilometers. Repeat the calculation for
a cluster size of 4.
Reuse ratio

• The parameter Q is called Co-Channel reuse


ratio is related to cluster size.
• For a hexagonal geometry Q=D/R or Q=
• A small value of Q provides larger capacity
since the cluster size is small whereas the
large value of Q improves the transmission
quality, due to smaller level of co-channel
interference.
Capacity Expansion Techniques
• Obtain additional frequency spectrum.
• Make changes in cellular architecture like ,
Cell Splitting and Cell Sectoring.
• Employ different channel allocation schemes.
• Adoption of next generation technology.
Cell Splitting

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