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M AZIZ - PMO470S - MultiComp FUG Dist - Example 2-1 (2020)

This document provides an example problem for calculating the minimum number of trays required for a multi-component distillation process. The feed contains 6 components and the goal is to recover 98.5% of component 3 in the distillate and 98% of component 5 in the bottoms. Using the Fenske equation and specifications for component recoveries and relative volatilities, the minimum number of theoretical plates is calculated to be 9.45.

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218 views4 pages

M AZIZ - PMO470S - MultiComp FUG Dist - Example 2-1 (2020)

This document provides an example problem for calculating the minimum number of trays required for a multi-component distillation process. The feed contains 6 components and the goal is to recover 98.5% of component 3 in the distillate and 98% of component 5 in the bottoms. Using the Fenske equation and specifications for component recoveries and relative volatilities, the minimum number of theoretical plates is calculated to be 9.45.

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1

SEPARATION PROCESSES IV: M. AZIZ


(PMO470S)

Multi- Component Distillation:

EXAMPLE 2.1:

A feed mixture containing six components, is to be separated by distillation at a feed rate (F) of
1000 kmol.h-1 so that 98.5 % of component 3 goes to distillate (f3, D) and 98 % of component 5
goes to the bottom product (f3, W). Determine the minimum number of trays required. The
average relative volatilities with respect to component 5 is given.

The composition of the components in the feed are shown as follows:


Average relative
Composition fxi, D αi,5
volatilities
z1 0.032 α15 3.15
z2 0.068 α25 2.75
z3 0.170 α35 2.35
z4 0.300 α45 1.40
z5 0.320 α55 1.00
z6 0.110 α65 0.75
Total 1.000

FENSKE EQUATION:

x x
log (x LK ) ( xHK )
HK d LK b
Nm =
log αLK
2

ANSWER:

Component 3 : LK
Component 5 : HK

Feed (F) Distillate(D) Bottoms (W)


Component αi,5
xi, F (zi) kmol.h-1 xi, D kmol.h-1 xi, W kmol.h-1
1. Component 0.032 3.15
2. Component 0.068 2.75
3. Component (LK) 0.170 0.985 0.015 2.35
4. Component 0.300 1.40
5. Component (HK) 0.320 0.020 0.980 1.00
6. Component 0.110 0.75
TOTAL 1.000
3

98.5% of component 3, LK goes to the distillate:


𝐷𝑥3,𝐷 = (0985)𝐹𝑧3 = (0.985) (1000) (0.17) = 167.45 kmol.h-1

Mass balance for component 3 over the distillation column gives column:
𝑊𝑥3,𝑊 = 𝐹𝑧3 − 𝐷𝑥3,𝐷 = (1000) (0.17) – 167.45 = 2.55 kmol.h-1

98% of component 5, HK goes to the bottom:


𝑊𝑥5,𝑊 = (0.98)𝐹𝑧5 = (0.98) (1000) (0.32) = 313.6 kmol.h-1

Mass balance for component 5, over the distillation column gives column:
𝐷𝑥5,𝐷 = 𝐹𝑧5 − 𝑊𝑥5,𝑤 = (1000) (0.32) – 313.6 = 6.4 kmol.h-1

Feed (F) Distillate(D) Bottoms (W)


Component αi,5
xi, F (zi) kmol.h-1 xi, D kmol.h-1 xi, W kmol.h-1
1. Component 0.032 32 3.15
2. Component 0.068 68 2.75
3. Component (LK) 0.170 170 0.985 167.45 0015 2.550 2.35
4. Component 0.300 300 1.40
5. Component (HK) 0.320 320 0.020 6.400 0.980 313.6 1.00
6. Component 0.110 110 0.75

TOTAL 1.000 1000


4

Use the Fenske equation to estimate the minimum number of theoretical plates required for the
distillation. Minimum no of stages:

x x
log (x LK ) ( xHK )
HK d LK b
Nm =
log αLK

x x
log (x 3,D ) (x 5,D )
5,W d 3,W b
Nm =
log α35

167.45 6.4
𝑙𝑜𝑔[ ][ ]
313.6 2.55
𝑁𝑚 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2.35

Nmin = 9.45

Fractional recoveries of key components (Using FENSKE equation)


x x
log (x LK ) ( xHK )
HK d LK b
Nm =
log αLK

f (1−𝑓5,𝐷 )
log (f 3,D ) ( )
5,W d (1−𝑓3,𝑊 )x b
𝑁𝑚
log α35

0.985 0.015
𝑙𝑜𝑔[ ][ ]
0.980 0.020
𝑁𝑚 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2.35

Nmin = 9.45

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