Scribd
Upload
43 views

SQL Tuning Case Study 9 - Use - Concat

This document contains a case study analyzing an SQL query with an OR condition in the WHERE clause. The query selects employee first and last names from the employees and departments tables where the employee ID is 101 or the department ID is 10 and the department location is 1700. The summary explains that when there is an OR condition, the indexes on each side of the OR must be scanned separately. It shows the execution plan with the USE_CONCAT hint, which rewrites the query using UNION ALL to separately scan the indexes.

Uploaded by

niaam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
43 views

SQL Tuning Case Study 9 - Use - Concat

This document contains a case study analyzing an SQL query with an OR condition in the WHERE clause. The query selects employee first and last names from the employees and departments tables where the employee ID is 101 or the department ID is 10 and the department location is 1700. The summary explains that when there is an OR condition, the indexes on each side of the OR must be scanned separately. It shows the execution plan with the USE_CONCAT hint, which rewrites the query using UNION ALL to separately scan the indexes.

Uploaded by

niaam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Case Study 9:

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------

SELECT /*+ INDEX_COMBINE(E EMP_DEPARTMENT_IX EMP_EMP_ID_PK) */


E.FIRST_NAME,E.LAST_NAME
FROM EMPLOYEES E,DEPARTMENTS D
WHERE ( E.EMPLOYEE_ID = 101 OR E.DEPARTMENT_ID = 10 )
AND E.DEPARTMENT_ID = D.DEPARTMENT_ID
AND D.LOCATION_ID = 1700;

FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME
-------------------- -------------------------
Neena Kochhar
Jennifer Whalen

Plan hash value: 1263223842

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes |
Cost (%CPU)| Time |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 2 | 58 |
3 (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 1 | NESTED LOOPS | | 2 | 58 |
3 (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 2 | NESTED LOOPS | | 2 | 58 |
3 (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 3 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID | EMPLOYEES | 2 | 44 |
2 (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 4 | BITMAP CONVERSION TO ROWIDS | | | |
| |
| 5 | BITMAP OR | | | |
| |
| 6 | BITMAP CONVERSION FROM ROWIDS| | | |
| |
|* 7 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | EMP_DEPARTMENT_IX | | |
1 (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 8 | BITMAP CONVERSION FROM ROWIDS| | | |
| |
|* 9 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | EMP_EMP_ID_PK | | |
1 (0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 10 | INDEX UNIQUE SCAN | DEPT_ID_PK | 1 | |
1 (0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 11 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID | DEPARTMENTS | 1 | 7 |
1 (0)| 00:00:01 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):


---------------------------------------------------

7 - access("E"."DEPARTMENT_ID"=10)
9 - access("E"."EMPLOYEE_ID"=101)
10 - access("E"."DEPARTMENT_ID"="D"."DEPARTMENT_ID")
11 - filter("D"."LOCATION_ID"=1700)
TABLE STATISTICS for EMPLOYEES

TABLE_NAME NUM_ROWS STALE


------------------------------ ----------- -----
EMPLOYEES 107 NO

COLUMN STATISTICS for EMPLOYEES

COLUMN_NAME NUM_DISTINCT NUM_NULLS HIST BUCKETS LOW_VALUE


HIGH_VALUE
----------------------------- ------------ ---------- ----- -------
-------------------------------- --------------------------------
COMMISSION_PCT 7 72 .1
.4
DEPARTMENT_ID 11 1 FREQ 11 10
110
EMAIL 107 0 ABANDA
WTAYLOR
EMPLOYEE_ID 107 0 100
206
FIRST_NAME 91 0 Adam
Winston
HIRE_DATE 98 0 FREQ 98 13-JAN-2001
00:00:00 21-APR-2008 00:00:00
JOB_ID 19 0 AC_ACCOUNT
ST_MAN
LAST_NAME 102 0 Abel
Zlotkey
MANAGER_ID 18 1 100
205
PHONE_NUMBER 107 0 011.44.1343.329
650.509.4876
SALARY 58 0 2100
24000

INDEX STATISTICS for EMPLOYEES

INDEX_NAME NUMDIST NUM_ROWS UNIQUENESS


------------------------------ ------- --------- ----------
EMP_DEPARTMENT_IX 11 107 NONUNIQUE
-->DEPARTMENT_ID

EMP_EMAIL_UK 107 107 UNIQUE


-->EMAIL

EMP_EMP_ID_PK 107 107 UNIQUE


-->EMPLOYEE_ID

EMP_ID_SAL 74 107 NONUNIQUE


-->DEPARTMENT_ID,SALARY

EMP_JOB_IX 19 107 NONUNIQUE


-->JOB_ID

EMP_MANAGER_IX 18 107 NONUNIQUE


-->MANAGER_ID
EMP_NAME_IX 107 107 NONUNIQUE
-->LAST_NAME,FIRST_NAME

TABLE STATISTICS for DEPARTMENTS

TABLE_NAME NUM_ROWS STALE


---------------------------------- -----
DEPARTMENTS 27 NO

COLUMN STATISTICS for DEPARTMENTS

COLUMN_NAME NUM_DISTINCT NUM_NULLS HIST BUCKETS LOW_VALUE


HIGH_VALUE
----------------------------------------- ---------- ----- -------
-------------------------------- --------------------------------
DEPARTMENT_ID 27 0 10
270
DEPARTMENT_NAME 27 0 Accounting
Treasury
LOCATION_ID 7 0 FREQ 7 1400
2700
MANAGER_ID 11 16 100
205

INDEX STATISTICS for DEPARTMENTS

INDEX_NAME NUMDIST NUM_ROWS UNIQUENESS


-------------------------------------- -------- ----------
DEPT_ID_PK 27 27 UNIQUE
-->DEPARTMENT_ID

DEPT_LOCATION_IX 7 27 NONUNIQUE
-->LOCATION_ID

Resolution:

The use_concat hint requests that a union all execution plan be used for all OR
conditions in the query, rewriting the query into multiple queries. The use_concat
hint is commonly invoked when a SQL query has OR conditions in the where clause.

Whenever there is an OR condition both the columns in the OR operator has to be


scanned separately using separate index. This is accomplished by INDEX_JOIN hint.
Index EMP_DEPARTMENT_IX will scan E.DEPARTMENT_ID = 10 and expect one row.
Similarly, Index EMP_EMP_ID_PK will scan for E.EMPLOYEE_ID = 101 and expect 1 row
again. These two rows will further be given for join operation with the departments
table.

SELECT /*+ USE_CONCAT */ E.FIRST_NAME,E.LAST_NAME


FROM EMPLOYEES E,DEPARTMENTS D
WHERE ( E.EMPLOYEE_ID = 101 OR E.DEPARTMENT_ID = 10 )
AND E.DEPARTMENT_ID = D.DEPARTMENT_ID
AND D.LOCATION_ID = 1700;
Equivalent:
-------------------------------------------------------
SELECT E.FIRST_NAME,E.LAST_NAME
FROM EMPLOYEES E,DEPARTMENTS D
WHERE E.EMPLOYEE_ID = 101
AND E.DEPARTMENT_ID = D.DEPARTMENT_ID
AND D.LOCATION_ID = 1700

UNION ALL

SELECT E.FIRST_NAME,E.LAST_NAME
FROM EMPLOYEES E,DEPARTMENTS D
WHERE E.DEPARTMENT_ID = 10
AND E.DEPARTMENT_ID = D.DEPARTMENT_ID
AND D.LOCATION_ID = 1700;
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 3210906806

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost
(%CPU)| Time |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 2 | 58 | 4
(0)| 00:00:01 |
| 1 | CONCATENATION | | | |
| |
| 2 | NESTED LOOPS | | 1 | 29 | 2
(0)| 00:00:01 |
| 3 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID | EMPLOYEES | 1 | 22 | 1
(0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 4 | INDEX UNIQUE SCAN | EMP_EMP_ID_PK | 1 | | 1
(0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 5 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID | DEPARTMENTS | 1 | 7 | 1
(0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 6 | INDEX UNIQUE SCAN | DEPT_ID_PK | 1 | | 1
(0)| 00:00:01 |
| 7 | NESTED LOOPS | | 1 | 29 | 2
(0)| 00:00:01 |
| 8 | NESTED LOOPS | | 1 | 29 | 2
(0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 9 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| EMPLOYEES | 1 | 22 | 1
(0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 10 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | EMP_DEPARTMENT_IX | 1 | | 1
(0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 11 | INDEX UNIQUE SCAN | DEPT_ID_PK | 1 | | 1
(0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 12 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID | DEPARTMENTS | 1 | 7 | 1
(0)| 00:00:01 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):


---------------------------------------------------

4 - access("E"."EMPLOYEE_ID"=101)
5 - filter("D"."LOCATION_ID"=1700)
6 - access("E"."DEPARTMENT_ID"="D"."DEPARTMENT_ID")
9 - filter(LNNVL("E"."EMPLOYEE_ID"=101))
10 - access("E"."DEPARTMENT_ID"=10)
11 - access("E"."DEPARTMENT_ID"="D"."DEPARTMENT_ID")
12 - filter("D"."LOCATION_ID"=1700)

SQL> select count(*) from employees where employee_id = 101;

COUNT(*)
----------
1

SQL> select count(*) from employees where department_id = 10;

COUNT(*)
----------
1

You might also like