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18.2 Alternating Currect Through An Inductor PDF

1. A pure inductor has zero resistance and no capacitive effect, making it difficult to find in practice since inductors consist of coils with finite resistance. 2. The back EMF induced in an inductor changes sinusoidally as the current changes, leading the voltage by 90 degrees or π/2 radians. 3. For a pure inductor, the mean power over a complete cycle is zero since the energy supplied during one half of the cycle is returned during the other half, with no energy dissipated.

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228 views9 pages

18.2 Alternating Currect Through An Inductor PDF

1. A pure inductor has zero resistance and no capacitive effect, making it difficult to find in practice since inductors consist of coils with finite resistance. 2. The back EMF induced in an inductor changes sinusoidally as the current changes, leading the voltage by 90 degrees or π/2 radians. 3. For a pure inductor, the mean power over a complete cycle is zero since the energy supplied during one half of the cycle is returned during the other half, with no energy dissipated.

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Az MY
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physics is Awesome by Cikgu Az

1. A pure conductor has only inductive effect. Its resistance is zero and has no
capacitive effect.
2. Since an inductor usually consists of a coil of wire which has a finite resistance,
pure inductors are quite difficult to come by in practice.

3. Let the a.c in the inductor


The magnetic flux linkage in a inductor changes sinusoidally as the current
Changes. The back e.m.f. E induced in the inductor is given by

4. In order to sustain the flow of current, the applied voltage V must be of the
same magnitude but in the opposes direction of the back e.m.f.,
V = -E
= ω L I0
𝜋
V = ω L I0 sin (ωt + 2 )
𝜋
V = V0 sin (ωt + 2 ) , V0 = ω L I0
Comparing the equations
I = I0 sin ωt
with
𝜋
V = V0 sin (ωt + 2 )
and from the graphs of I and V in figure, we concluded that
I and V for a pure conductor are not in a phase.
𝑇 𝜋
The voltage V is leading the current I by 2 or 2 radians or 90⁰.
(watch video)
From the equation for the peak voltage
V0 = ω L I0
𝑉0
XL = 𝐼 = ω L = 2πfL (ω = 2πf)
0
𝑉0 𝑉𝑟.𝑚.𝑠
The ratio of =
𝐼0 𝐼𝑟.𝑚.𝑠

XL = 2 π f L

The reactance of the conductor is a measure of the opposite of the


inductor to alternating current. The unit of reactance = Ω
Also, XL =2𝜋𝑓𝐿, hence the inductive reactance increases as the frequency increases.
This is consistent with Faraday’s law—the greater the rate of change of current
in the inductor, the larger is the back emf. The larger back emf translates to an
increase in the reactance and a decrease in the current.
Power In a Pure Inductor Circuit
The variation of power P with the time for a complete cycle
Explanation why the mean power over a complete cycle is zero for
a pure inductor.
The area under the graph represents energy.
𝑇
- For the first quarter of the cycle, from time t = 0 to t= ,
4
the area under the graph is positive. This area represents the energy from the
a.c supply to the inductor. The energy stored in the inductor is maximum at time
𝑇 1
t = when the current I is maximum. Recall the equation energy = LI2.
4 2
𝑇 𝑇
During the second quarter of the cycle , t = to t = area under the graph is negative.
,
4 2
This area represents the energy from the inductor back to the a.c supply, which is equal
to the energy received from the a.c supply dusing the first quarter cycle. Hence, there is
no energy dissipated in the inductor for the first half of the cycle.
Similarly, during the third quarter cycle, energy is supplied to the inductor. This energy
is returned to the supply during the last quarter cycle. Hence, over the complete cycle,
the mean power dissipated is zero.

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