Technical Guidance Notes - Restricted Earth Fault Protection
3.2 7SR Relay: Restricted Earth Fault Protection - 3 Wire + Earth System
10MVA
11kV
1/600
1/600
Rstab
7SR NLR
REF
Figure 3-4 Example System – 3 Wire + Earth REF Protection
CT and Connection Details
Line CT (LCT) Earth CT (ECT)
Turns ratio (T) 1/600 1/600
Voltage Knee Point (VK) 360V 300V
Magnetising Current (Imag) @ VK 30mA 40mA
CT secondary resistance (RCT) 7.5ȍ 6.0ȍ
CT lead loop resistance (RL) 0.15ȍ 0.2ȍ
Settings Requirements
Rated current = VA / (¥3 x VL)
Rated current = 10 x 106 / (¥3 x 11000) = 525A
Assigned through fault current (rated stability limit) = 16 x rated current = 8.4kA. See section 2.2.1
Required Primary Operate Current (Fault Setting)
10 – 25% of protected winding rated current, or as specified by the user.
POCprov (10 – 25% of Irated) = 52.5 - 131A. Say 60A. (0.1A secondary). See section 2.2.2
©2012 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Page 17 of 40
Technical Guidance Notes - Restricted Earth Fault Protection
Calculation of Required Stability Voltage Limits
The assigned through fault current is 8400A.
With reference to section 2.2.1
VS t IF (RCT RL ) u T
8400
VS t u 7.5 0.15 107.1V
600
8400
VS t u 6 0.2 86.8V
600
V 300
VS d KMIN 150V
2 2
? 107.1 Vs 150
Calculation of Stabilising Resistor Value
The required relay setting Is can be calculated from:
POC = ( 3(IMAGLCT) + IMAGECT + Is ) / T
Therefore: Is = POC x T – (3(IMAGLCT) + IMAGECT) = 60/600 – (3(IMAGLCT) + IMAGECT)
= 0.1 – (3(IMAGLCT) + IMAGECT)
Say Vsprov = 120V (from requirement 107.1 < Vs < 150)
From CT magnetising curve: At 120V IMAGLCT = 7mA and IMAGECT = 9mA
Is = 0.1 – (3(0.007) + 0.009) = 0.07A
Rstab = Vs/Is = 120/.07 = 1714 Ohms (Say 1800 Ohms giving Vs = 1800 x 0.07 = 126V)
Metrosil Specification
With reference to section 2.2.4
‘C’ Value
Vs = 126V (i.e. > 100V) so a ‘C’ value of 1000 is chosen
Short Time Power Rating
From equation 10:
4
P1SEC t u IF u T u VK
ʌ
4 1
P1SEC t u 8400 u u 360 6417W
ʌ 600
For values < 8kW/s a 75mm Metrosil is used.
©2012 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Page 18 of 40
Technical Guidance Notes - Restricted Earth Fault Protection
Stabilising Resistor Specification
With reference to section 2.2.5
Continuous Power Rating
PCONT t Is2 x Rstab
PCONT t 0.072 x 1800
PCONT t 8.82W
Short Time Power Rating
VFint 2
P1SEC t Where: V Fint t 4
(V K 3 x R stab x I Fint ) x 1.3
Rstab
8400
IFint 14A
600
VFint t 4 (VK 3 x Rstab x IFint) x 1.3
VFint t 4 (3603 x 1800 x 14 u 1.3 1354V
2
1354
P1SEC t 1018 W
1800
Summary of Relay Settings and Components
REF Element = Enabled
REF Setting (Is) = 0.07A
REF Delay = 0s
Rstab = 1800 Ohms, 45W continuous (typical manufacturers data)
Metrosil: diameter = 75mm, ‘C’ value = 1000
POC (Fault Setting) = ( 3(IMAGLCT) + IMAGECT + Is ) / T
POC = (3(0.007) + 0.009 + 0.07) x 600 = 60A
©2012 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Page 19 of 40
Technical Guidance Notes - Restricted Earth Fault Protection
3.3 7SR Relay: Restricted Earth Fault Protection - 4 Wire 4CT
Figure 3-5 Example System – 4 Wire REF Protection
CT and Connection Details
Line CT (LCT) Neutral CT (NCT)
Turns ratio (T) 1/600 1/600
Voltage Knee Point (VK) 360V 450V
Magnetising Current (Imag) @ VK 30mA 20mA
CT secondary resistance (RCT) 7.5ȍ 4.5ȍ
CT lead loop resistance (RL) 0.15ȍ 0.5ȍ
Settings Requirements
Rated current = VA / (¥3 x VL)
Rated current = 10 x 106 / (¥3 x 11000) = 525A
Assigned through fault current (rated stability limit) = 16 x rated current = 8.4kA. See section 2.2.1
Required Primary Operate Current (Fault Setting)
10 – 25% of protected winding rated current, or as specified by the user.
POCprov (10 – 25% of Irated) = 52.5 - 131A. Say 60A. (0.1A secondary). See section 2.2.2
©2012 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Page 20 of 40
Technical Guidance Notes - Restricted Earth Fault Protection
Calculation of Required Stability Voltage Limits
The assigned through fault current is 8400A.
With reference to section 2.2.1
VS t IF (R CT RL ) u T
8400
VS t u 7.5 0.15 107.1V
600
8400
VS t u 4.5 0.5 70 V
600
V 360
VS d KMIN 180V
2 2
? 107.1 Vs 180
Calculation of Stabilising Resistor Value
The required relay setting (Is) can be calculated from:
POC = 3(IMAGLCT) + IMAGNCT + Is / T
Therefore: Is = POC x T – (3(IMAGLCT) + IMAGNCT) = 60/600 – (3(IMAGLCT) + IMAGNCT)
= 0.1 – (3(IMAGLCT) + IMAGNCT)
Say Vsprov = 120V (from requirement 107.1 < Vs < 180)
From CT magnetising curve: At 120V IMAGLCT = 7mA and IMAGNCT = 4mA
Is = 0.1 – (3(0.007) + 0.004) = 0.075A
Rstab = Vs/Is = 120/.075 = 1600 Ohms
Metrosil Specification
With reference to section 2.2.4
‘C’ Value
Vs = 120V (i.e. > 100V) so a ‘C’ value of 1000 is chosen
Short Time Power Rating
From equation 10:
4
P1SEC t u IF u T u VK
ʌ
4 1
P1SEC t u 8400 u u 450 8kW
ʌ 600
For values < 8kW/s a 75mm Metrosil is used.
©2012 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Page 21 of 40
Technical Guidance Notes - Restricted Earth Fault Protection
Stabilising Resistor Specification
With reference to section 2.2.5
Continuous Power Rating
PCONT t Is 2 x Rstab
PCONT t 0.075 2 x 1600
PCONT t 9W
Short Time Power Rating
VFint 2
P1SEC t Where: V Fint t 4
(V K 3 x R stab x I Fint ) x 1.3
Rstab
8400
IFint 14A
600
VFint t 4 (VK 3 x Rstab x IFint) x 1.3
VFint t 4 (450 3 x 1600 x 14 u 1.3 1554V
2
1554
P1SEC t 1509W
1600
Summary of Relay Settings and Components
REF Element = Enabled
REF Setting (Is) = 0.075A
REF Delay = 0s
Rstab = 1600 Ohms, 60W continuous (typical manufacturers data)
Metrosil: diameter = 75mm, ‘C’ value = 1000
POC (Fault Setting) = (3(I MAGLCT) + IMAGNCT + Is) / T
POC = (3(0.007) + 0.004 + .075) x 600 = 60A
©2012 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Page 22 of 40
Technical Guidance Notes - Restricted Earth Fault Protection
3.4 7SR Relay: Restricted Earth Fault Protection - 4 Wire 5CT
Figure 3-6 Example System – 4 Wire + Earth REF Protection
CT and Connection Details
Line CT (LCT) Neutral CT (NCT) Earth CT (ECT)
Turns ratio (T) 1/600 1/600 1/600
Voltage Knee Point (VK) 360V 450V 300V
Magnetising Current (Imag) @ VK 30mA 20mA 40mA
CT secondary resistance (RCT) 7.5ȍ 4.5ȍ 6.0ȍ
CT lead loop resistance (RL) 0.15ȍ 0.5ȍ 0.2ȍ
Settings Requirements
Rated current = VA / (¥3 x VL)
Rated current = 10 x 106 / (¥3 x 11000) = 525A
Assigned through fault current (rated stability limit) = 16 x rated current = 8.4kA. See section 2.2.1
Required Primary Operate Current (Fault Setting)
10 – 25% of protected winding rated current, or as specified by the user.
POCprov (10 – 25% of Irated) = 52.5 - 131A. Say 60A. (0.1A secondary). See section 2.2.2
©2012 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Page 23 of 40
Technical Guidance Notes - Restricted Earth Fault Protection
Calculation of Required Stability Voltage Limits
The assigned through fault current is 8400A.
With reference to section 2.2.1
VS t IF (R CT R L ) u T
8400
VS t u 7.5 0.15 107.1V
600
8400
VS t u 6 0.2 86.6V
600
8400
VS t u 4.5 0.5 70 V
600
V 300
VS d KMIN 150V
2 2
?107.1 Vs 150V
Calculation of Stabilising Resistor Value
The required relay setting Is can be calculated from:
POC = ( 3(IMAGLCT) + IMAGNCT + IMAGECT + Is ) / T
Is = POC x T – (3(IMAGLCT) + IMAGNCT + IMAGECT) = 60/600 – (3(IMAGLCT) + IMAGNCT + IMAGECT)
= 0.1 – (3(IMAGLCT) + IMAGNCT + IMAGECT)
Say Vsprov = 120V (from requirement 107.1 < Vs < 180)
From CT magnetising curve: At 120V IMAGLCT = 7mA , IMAGNCT = 4mA and IMAGECT = 9mA
Is = 0.1 – (3(0.007) + 0.004 + 0.009) = 0.066A say 0.065A
Rstab = Vs/Is = 120/.065 = 1846 Ohms (Say 1800 Ohms giving Vs = 1800 x 0.065 = 117V)
Metrosil Specification
‘C’ Value
Vs = 117V (i.e. > 100V) so a ‘C’ value of 1000 is chosen
Short Time Power Rating
Using the empirical formula
4
P1SEC t u IF u T u VK
ʌ
4 1
P1SEC t u 8400 u u 450 8kW
ʌ 600
For values < 8kW/s a 75mm Metrosil is used.
©2012 Siemens Protection Devices Limited Page 24 of 40
