Scribd
Upload
48 views

Random Numbers: Hugo Bowne-Anderson

This document discusses random numbers and random walks. It introduces Python's random number generator and shows how to simulate coin tosses and random walks. Repeating the random walk simulation with more trials and plotting the results in a histogram reveals the binomial distribution that emerges from the random process.

Uploaded by

saw
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
48 views

Random Numbers: Hugo Bowne-Anderson

This document discusses random numbers and random walks. It introduces Python's random number generator and shows how to simulate coin tosses and random walks. Repeating the random walk simulation with more trials and plotting the results in a histogram reveals the binomial distribution that emerges from the random process.

Uploaded by

saw
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 31

Random Numbers

I N T E R M E D I AT E P Y T H O N

Hugo Bowne-Anderson
Data Scientist at DataCamp
INTERMEDIATE PYTHON
INTERMEDIATE PYTHON
INTERMEDIATE PYTHON
INTERMEDIATE PYTHON
INTERMEDIATE PYTHON
Can't go below step 0

0.1 % chance of falling down


the stairs

Bet: you'll reach step 60

INTERMEDIATE PYTHON
How to solve?
Analytical

Simulate the process


Hacker statistics!

INTERMEDIATE PYTHON
Random generators
import numpy as np
np.random.rand() # Pseudo-random numbers

0.9535543896720104 # Mathematical formula

np.random.seed(123) # Starting from a seed


np.random.rand()

0.6964691855978616

np.random.rand()

0.28613933495037946

INTERMEDIATE PYTHON
Random generators
np.random.seed(123)
np.random.rand()

0.696469185597861 # Same seed: same random numbers!

np.random.rand() # Ensures "reproducibility"

0.28613933495037946

INTERMEDIATE PYTHON
Coin toss
game.py

import numpy as np

np.random.seed(123)

coin = np.random.randint(0,2) # Randomly generate 0 or 1

print(coin)

INTERMEDIATE PYTHON
Coin toss
game.py

import numpy as np
np.random.seed(123)
coin = np.random.randint(0,2) # Randomly generate 0 or 1
print(coin)

if coin == 0:
print("heads")

else:
print("tails")

0
heads

INTERMEDIATE PYTHON
Let's practice!
I N T E R M E D I AT E P Y T H O N
Random Walk
I N T E R M E D I AT E P Y T H O N

Hugo Bowne-Anderson
Data Scientist at DataCamp
Random Step

INTERMEDIATE PYTHON
Random Walk
Known in Science

Path of molecules

Gambler's nancial status

INTERMEDIATE PYTHON
Heads or Tails
headtails.py

import numpy as np
np.random.seed(123)
outcomes = []
for x in range(10) :
coin = np.random.randint(0, 2)
if coin == 0 :
outcomes.append("heads")
else :
outcomes.append("tails")
print(outcomes)

['heads', 'tails', 'heads', 'heads', 'heads',


'heads', 'heads', 'tails', 'tails', 'heads']

INTERMEDIATE PYTHON
Heads or Tails: Random Walk
headtailsrw.py

import numpy as np
np.random.seed(123)
tails = [0]
for x in range(10) :
coin = np.random.randint(0, 2)
tails.append(tails[x] + coin)
print(tails)

[0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 3]

INTERMEDIATE PYTHON
Step to Walk
outcomes

['heads', 'tails', 'heads', 'heads', 'heads',


'heads', 'heads', 'tails', 'tails', 'heads']

tails

[0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 3]

INTERMEDIATE PYTHON
Let's practice!
I N T E R M E D I AT E P Y T H O N
Distribution
I N T E R M E D I AT E P Y T H O N

Hugo Bowne-Anderson
Data Scientist at DataCamp
Distribution

INTERMEDIATE PYTHON
Random Walk
headtailsrw.py

import numpy as np
np.random.seed(123)
tails = [0]
for x in range(10) :
coin = np.random.randint(0, 2)
tails.append(tails[x] + coin)

INTERMEDIATE PYTHON
100 runs
distribution.py

import numpy as np
np.random.seed(123)
final_tails = []

for x in range(100) :
tails = [0]
for x in range(10) :
coin = np.random.randint(0, 2)
tails.append(tails[x] + coin)

final_tails.append(tails[-1])
print(final_tails)

[3, 6, 4, 5, 4, 5, 3, 5, 4, 6, 6, 8, 6, 4, 7, 5, 7, 4, 3, 3, ..., 4]

INTERMEDIATE PYTHON
Histogram, 100 runs
distribution.py

import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

np.random.seed(123)
final_tails = []
for x in range(100) :
tails = [0]
for x in range(10) :
coin = np.random.randint(0, 2)
tails.append(tails[x] + coin)
final_tails.append(tails[-1])

plt.hist(final_tails, bins = 10)


plot.show()

INTERMEDIATE PYTHON
Histogram, 100 runs

INTERMEDIATE PYTHON
Histogram, 1,000 runs
distribution.py

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

np.random.seed(123)
final_tails = []
for x in range(1000) : # <--
tails = [0]
for x in range(10) :
coin = np.random.randint(0, 2)
tails.append(tails[x] + coin)
final_tails.append(tails[-1])

plt.hist(final_tails, bins = 10)


plot.show()

INTERMEDIATE PYTHON
Histogram, 1,000 runs

INTERMEDIATE PYTHON
Histogram, 10,000 runs
distribution.py

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

np.random.seed(123)
final_tails = []
for x in range(10000) : # <--
tails = [0]
for x in range(10) :
coin = np.random.randint(0, 2)
tails.append(tails[x] + coin)
final_tails.append(tails[-1])

plt.hist(final_tails, bins = 10)


plot.show()

INTERMEDIATE PYTHON
Histogram, 10,000 runs

INTERMEDIATE PYTHON
Let's practice!
I N T E R M E D I AT E P Y T H O N

You might also like