EEE446 – Spring 2016

Real-Time
Embedded Systems
by Syed Mashhood Murtaza
Department of Electrical Engineering,
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
Lecture # 2
 LECTURE 2

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS’ DESIGN

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 3

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 OUTLINE OF LECTURE 2

Part 0:
Basic Design Goals in Embedded Systems’ Design

Part-1:
The Design Metrics

Part-2:
Choices in Design & Implementation Technologies

Part-3:
The Embedded Systems’ Project Design Models & Platforms
EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 4
Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
Lecture # 2
Part 0
 Basic Design Goals
in
Embedded Systems Design

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 6

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 BASIC DESIGN GOALS

 Obvious Design Goal:

 Construct an implementation with the

desired functionality

 Key Design Challenge:

 Simultaneously optimize numerous

Design Metrics

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 7

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
Lecture # 2
Part 1
 The Design Metrics

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 9

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 OUTLINE OF PART 1

Part-1: The Design Metrics

1) Cost

2) Performance

3) Power

4) Size / Weight

5) Others
 Design Tradeoffs & Expertise
EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 10
Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 Vahid and Tony Givargis. Slides at: http://esd.cs.ucr.edu/index.html
Slide adapted from: "Embedded System Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction" by Frank
Bibliographic Note:
WHAT IS A DESIGN METRIC ???

 A Design Metric is:

 A measurable feature of a system’s implementation

Optimizing design metrics is a key challenge

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 11

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 THE DESIGN METRICS

(1)

Cost

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 12

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 Vahid and Tony Givargis. Slides at: http://esd.cs.ucr.edu/index.html
Slide adapted from: "Embedded System Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction" by Frank
Bibliographic Note:
COST – THE DESIGN METRIC

 Unit cost: the monetary cost of manufacturing each copy of the

system, excluding NRE cost

 NRE cost (Non-Recurring Engineering cost): The one-time

monetary cost of designing the system

 total cost = NRE cost + unit cost * # of units

 per-product cost = total cost / # of units

= (NRE cost / # of units) + unit cost

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 13

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 Vahid and Tony Givargis. Slides at: http://esd.cs.ucr.edu/index.html
Slide adapted from: "Embedded System Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction" by Frank
Bibliographic Note:
COST – THE DESIGN METRIC

 Example

– NRE = $2000, unit = $100

– For 10 units

– total cost = $2000 + 10*$100 = $3000

– per-product cost = $2000/10 + $100 = $300

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 14

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 Vahid and Tony Givargis. Slides at: http://esd.cs.ucr.edu/index.html
Slide adapted from: "Embedded System Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction" by Frank
Bibliographic Note:
COST – THE DESIGN METRIC

Compare technologies by costs -- best depends on quantity

 Technology A: NRE=$2,000, unit=$100
 Technology B: NRE=$30,000, unit=$30
 Technology C: NRE=$100,000, unit=$2

 But, must also consider time-to-market

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 15

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 Vahid and Tony Givargis. Slides at: http://esd.cs.ucr.edu/index.html
Slide adapted from: "Embedded System Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction" by Frank
Bibliographic Note:
COST – THE DESIGN METRIC

Calculating Losses due to delayed market entry

 Area = 1/2 * base * height
 On-time = 1/2 * 2W * W
 Delayed = 1/2 * (W-D+W)*(W-D)
 Percentage revenue loss
= (D(3W-D)/2W2)*100%

 Example
 Lifetime 2W = 52 wks,
 Delay D = 4 wks
 (4*(3*26 –4)/2*26^2) = 22%
 Lifetime 2W = 52 wks,
 delay D = 10 wks
 (10*(3*26 –10)/2*26^2) = 50%
Delays are costly!

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 16

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 THE DESIGN METRICS

(2)

Performance

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 17

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 System Design" by Wayne Wolf, Slides from: https://personal.cis.strath.ac.uk/duncan.smeed
Slide adapted from: Slides based on "Computer as Components, Principles of Embedded Computing
Bibliographic Note:
PERFORMANCE – THE DESIGN METRIC

What does “performance” mean?

 In general-purpose computing, performance often means

average-case, may not be well-defined.

 In real-time systems, performance means meeting

deadlines.
 Missing the deadline by even a little is bad.
 Finishing ahead of the deadline may not help.

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 18

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 Vahid and Tony Givargis. Slides at: http://esd.cs.ucr.edu/index.html
Slide adapted from: "Embedded System Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction" by Frank
Bibliographic Note:
PERFORMANCE – THE DESIGN METRIC

Widely-used measure of system, widely-abused

 Clock frequency, instructions per second – not good

measures

 Digital camera example – a user cares about how fast it

processes images, not clock speed or instructions per
second

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 19

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 Vahid and Tony Givargis. Slides at: http://esd.cs.ucr.edu/index.html
Slide adapted from: "Embedded System Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction" by Frank
Bibliographic Note:
PERFORMANCE – THE DESIGN METRIC
 Latency (response time)
 Time between task start and end
 e.g., Camera’s A and B process images in 0.25 seconds

 Throughput
 Tasks per second, e.g. Camera A processes 4 images
per second
 Throughput can be more than latency seems to imply due to concurrency, e.g. Camera
B may process 8 images per second (by capturing a new image while previous image
is being stored).

 Speedup of B over S = B’s performance / A’s

performance
 Throughput speedup = 8/4 = 2
EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 20
Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 THE DESIGN METRICS

(3)

Power

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 21

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 http://www.dauniv.ac.in/downloads/EmbsysRevEd_PPTs/Chap01Lesson_9Emsys.pdf
Part of the Text taken from:"Embedded Systems", Raj Kamal,McGraw-Hill Education, 2008.
Bibliographic Note:
POWER – THE DESIGN METRIC

Power/Energy Consumed by the Embedded System

determines its feasibility as a battery-run stand alone system
Optimizing the Power Metric means:
Reducing the Power Consumed

Hardware/Architecture based Power Metric Optimization:

 Operating Voltage Reduction
 Clock Rate Reduction
 (More Operations in every clock cycle)

 Wait, Stop and Cache Disable Instructions (availability)

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 22

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 http://www.dauniv.ac.in/downloads/EmbsysRevEd_PPTs/Chap01Lesson_9Emsys.pdf
Part of the Text taken from:"Embedded Systems", Raj Kamal,McGraw-Hill Education, 2008.
Bibliographic Note:
POWER – THE DESIGN METRIC

Power/Energy Consumed by the Embedded System

determines its feasibility as a battery-run stand alone system
Optimizing the Power Metric means:
Reducing the Power Consumed

Software based Power Metric Optimization:

 Clever real- time programming:
 use of 'Wait' and 'Stop' instructions
 disabling or controlling certain units when not
needed during program execution

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 23

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 THE DESIGN METRICS

(4)

Size / Weight

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 24

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 SIZE / WEIGHT – THE DESIGN METRIC

Size / Weight determines the possibility / feasibility of an embedded

system for several high-end applications e.g., Spacecrafts,
biomedical engineering systems (Implants) etc

Optimizing the “Size / Weight” Design Metric:

For the system’s SoC:

 Logic Optimization (minimizing the number of components)

 Use of smallest node IC fabrication Technology

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 25

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 SIZE / WEIGHT – THE DESIGN METRIC

Size / Weight determines the possibility / feasibility of an embedded

system for several high-end applications e.g., Spacecrafts,
biomedical engineering systems (Implants) etc

Optimizing the “Size / Weight” Design Metric:

For the Larger System (CPS):

 Use of most compact battery technology
 Use of most miniaturized PCB manufacturing & Packaging
Technology
 Use of lightest materials (e.g., heat sink metal) in the system

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 26

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 THE DESIGN METRICS

(5)

Others

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 27

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 Vahid and Tony Givargis. Slides at: http://esd.cs.ucr.edu/index.html
Slide adapted from: "Embedded System Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction" by Frank
Bibliographic Note:
OTHER DESIGN METRICS

Several Other Metrics must also be considered while Designing

Embedded Systems:

 Flexibility: the ability to change the functionality of the system

without incurring heavy NRE cost

 Time-to-prototype: the time needed to build a working version of the

system

 Time-to-market: the time required to develop a system to the point

that it can be released and sold to customers

 Maintainability: the ability to modify the system after its initial

release

 Correctness, safety, many more

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 28
Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 Vahid and Tony Givargis. Slides at: http://esd.cs.ucr.edu/index.html
Slide adapted from: "Embedded System Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction" by Frank
Bibliographic Note:
THE DESIGN METRICS

Design Metric Tradeoffs

improving one, may worsen others

 Expertise with both software and hardware is needed

to optimize design metrics

 A designer must be comfortable with various

technologies in order to choose the best for a given
application and constraints

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 29

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
Lecture # 2
Part 2
Choices in Design & Implementation Technologies

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 31

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 OUTLINE OF PART 2

Part-2: Choices in Design & Implementation Technologies

1) Processor Considerations
a. General Purpose
b. Single Purpose
c. Application Specific
2) IC Design & Implementation Technologies
a. Full Custom IC
b. Semi Custom IC
c. Hardware Programmable ICs

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 32

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 (1)

Processor Considerations

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 33

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 Vahid and Tony Givargis. Slides at: http://esd.cs.ucr.edu/index.html
Slide adapted from: "Embedded System Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction" by Frank
Bibliographic Note:
PROCESSOR CONSIDERATIONS

 The architecture of the computation engine used to implement a

system’s desired functionality
 Processor does not have to be programmable
 “Processor” not equal to general-purpose processor

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 34

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 Vahid and Tony Givargis. Slides at: http://esd.cs.ucr.edu/index.html
Slide adapted from: "Embedded System Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction" by Frank
Bibliographic Note:
PROCESSOR CONSIDERATIONS

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 35

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 Vahid and Tony Givargis. Slides at: http://esd.cs.ucr.edu/index.html
Slide adapted from: "Embedded System Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction" by Frank
Bibliographic Note:
GENERAL-PURPOSE PROCESSOR

 Programmable device used in a variety of

applications
 Also known as “microprocessor”

 Features
 Program memory
 General datapath with large register file and
general ALU
 User benefits
 Low time-to-market and NRE costs
 High flexibility

“Pentium” the most well-known, but there are

hundreds of others
EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 36
Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 Vahid and Tony Givargis. Slides at: http://esd.cs.ucr.edu/index.html
Slide adapted from: "Embedded System Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction" by Frank
Bibliographic Note:
GENERAL-PURPOSE PROCESSOR

 Programmable device used in a variety of

applications
 Also known as “microprocessor”

 Features
 Program memory
 General Datapath with large register file and
general ALU
 User benefits
 Low time-to-market and NRE costs
 High flexibility

“Pentium” the most well-known, but there are

hundreds of others
EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 37
Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 Bibliographic Note:: RTES Graduate Course Lecture Slides by Dr. Jabran Khan, CIIT, Atd
GENERAL-PURPOSE PROCESSORS

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 38

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 Vahid and Tony Givargis. Slides at: http://esd.cs.ucr.edu/index.html
Slide adapted from: "Embedded System Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction" by Frank
Bibliographic Note:
SINGLE-PURPOSE PROCESSOR

 Digital circuit designed to execute exactly one program

 a.k.a. coprocessor, accelerator or peripheral

 Features
 Contains only the components needed to
execute a single program
 No program memory

 Benefits
 Fast
 Low power
 Small size

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 39

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 Vahid and Tony Givargis. Slides at: http://esd.cs.ucr.edu/index.html
Slide adapted from: "Embedded System Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction" by Frank
Bibliographic Note:
APPLICATION SPECIFIC PROCESSOR

 Programmable processor optimized for a particular class of

applications having common characteristics

 Compromise between general-purpose and

single-purpose processors

 Features
 Program memory
 Optimized datapath
 Special functional units

 Benefits
 Some flexibility, good performance, size and power

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 40

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 OUTLINE OF PART 2

Part-2: Choices in Design & Implementation Technologies

1) Processor Considerations
a. General Purpose

b. Single Purpose

c. Application Specific

2) IC Design & Implementation Technologies

a. Full Custom IC
b. Semi Custom IC
c. Hardware Programmable ICs

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 41

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 Vahid and Tony Givargis. Slides at: http://esd.cs.ucr.edu/index.html
Slide adapted from: "Embedded System Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction" by Frank
Bibliographic Note:
IC TECHNOLOGY

 The manner in which a digital (gate-level) implementation

is mapped onto an IC

 IC: Integrated circuit, or “chip”

 IC technologies differ in their customization to a design

 IC’s consist of numerous layers (perhaps 10 or more)

 IC technologies differ with respect to who builds each layer and when

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 42

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 Vahid and Tony Givargis. Slides at: http://esd.cs.ucr.edu/index.html
Slide adapted from: "Embedded System Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction" by Frank
Bibliographic Note:
FULL-CUSTOM IC DESIGN

 All layers are optimized for an embedded system’s

particular digital implementation
 Placing transistors

 Sizing transistors

 Routing wires

 Benefits
 Excellent performance, small size, low power

 Drawbacks
 High NRE cost (e.g., $300k), long time-to-market

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 43

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 Vahid and Tony Givargis. Slides at: http://esd.cs.ucr.edu/index.html
Slide adapted from: "Embedded System Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction" by Frank
Bibliographic Note:
SEMI-CUSTOM IC DESIGN

 Lower layers are fully or partially built

 Designers are left with routing of wires and maybe placing some blocks

 Benefits
 Good performance, good size, less NRE cost than a full-custom
implementation (perhaps $10k to $100k)

 Drawbacks
 Still require weeks to months to develop

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 44

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 Vahid and Tony Givargis. Slides at: http://esd.cs.ucr.edu/index.html
Slide adapted from: "Embedded System Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction" by Frank
Bibliographic Note:
HARDWARE PROGRAMMABLE ICS (A.K.A. PLDS)

 All layers already exist

 Designers can purchase an IC
 Connections on the IC are either created or destroyed to implement desired
functionality
 Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) very popular

 Benefits
 Low NRE costs, almost instant IC availability

 Drawbacks
 Bigger
 expensive (perhaps $30 per unit), power hungry, slower

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 45

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 Vahid and Tony Givargis. Slides at: http://esd.cs.ucr.edu/index.html
Slide adapted from: "Embedded System Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction" by Frank
Bibliographic Note:
INDEPENDENCE OF PROCESSOR & IC TECHNOLOGIES

 With respect to processor technology or IC technology

 The two technologies are independent

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 46

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
Lecture # 2
Part 3
The Embedded Systems’ Project Design Models
&
Platforms

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 48

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 OUTLINE OF PART 3

Part3:The Embedded Systems' Design Models & Platforms

1) Software Design Models

2) Hardware Design Models

3) Software / Hardware Co-Design

4) Platform Based Design (Derived Design)

 Choosing an Embedded Platform

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 49

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 slides and textbook from Wayne Wolf, slides from: http://ece751.ece.wisc.edu/#lecture
Slide adapted from: "Embedded Computing Systems", Mikko Lipasti, adapted from M. Schulte Based on
Bibliographic Note:
THE EMBEDDED SYSTEMS’ PROJECT DESIGN MODELS
SOFTWARE DESIGN MODELS

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 50

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 slides and textbook from Wayne Wolf, slides from: http://ece751.ece.wisc.edu/#lecture
Slide adapted from: "Embedded Computing Systems", Mikko Lipasti, adapted from M. Schulte Based on
Bibliographic Note:
THE EMBEDDED SYSTEMS’ PROJECT DESIGN MODELS
HARDWARE DESIGN MODELS

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 51

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 slides and textbook from Wayne Wolf, slides from: http://ece751.ece.wisc.edu/#lecture
Slide adapted from: "Embedded Computing Systems", Mikko Lipasti, adapted from M. Schulte Based on
Bibliographic Note:
THE EMBEDDED SYSTEMS’ PROJECT DESIGN MODELS
HARDWARE-SOFTWARE CO-DESIGN

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 52

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 Vahid and Tony Givargis. Slides at: http://esd.cs.ucr.edu/index.html
Slide adapted from: "Embedded System Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction" by Frank
Bibliographic Note:
THE EMBEDDED SYSTEMS’ PROJECT DESIGN MODELS
HARDWARE-SOFTWARE CO-DESIGN LADDER

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 53

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
THE EMBEDDED SYSTEMS’ PROJECT DESIGN MODELS
PLATFORM BASED DESIGN (DERIVED DESIGN)

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 54

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 Bibliographic Note:: RTES Graduate Course Lecture Slides by Dr. Jabran Khan, CIIT, Atd
PLATFORM BASED DESIGN (DERIVED DESIGN)
CHOOSING AN EMBEDDED PLATFORM

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 55

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 Bibliographic Note:: RTES Graduate Course Lecture Slides by Dr. Jabran Khan, CIIT, Atd
PLATFORM BASED DESIGN (DERIVED DESIGN)
CHOOSING AN EMBEDDED PLATFORM

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 56

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 Bibliographic Note:: RTES Graduate Course Lecture Slides by Dr. Jabran Khan, CIIT, Atd
PLATFORM BASED DESIGN (DERIVED DESIGN)
CHOOSING AN EMBEDDED PLATFORM (LOW-END)

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 57

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 Bibliographic Note:: RTES Graduate Course Lecture Slides by Dr. Jabran Khan, CIIT, Atd
PLATFORM BASED DESIGN (DERIVED DESIGN)
CHOOSING AN EMBEDDED PLATFORM (HIGH-END)

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 58

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 PLATFORM BASED DESIGN (DERIVED DESIGN)
CHOOSING AN EMBEDDED PLATFORM (HIGH-END)

http://electronicdesign.com/author/vandana-lokeshwar
EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 59
Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 Bibliographic Note:: RTES Graduate Course Lecture Slides by Dr. Jabran Khan, CIIT, Atd
CHOOSING AN EMBEDDED PLATFORM
SINGLE BOARD COMPUTERS

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 60

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 CHOOSING AN EMBEDDED PLATFORM
SINGLE BOARD COMPUTERS

 How many do we have ???

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_single-
board_computers

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-
board_computer#See_also

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 61

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 Bibliographic Note:: RTES Graduate Course Lecture Slides by Dr. Jabran Khan, CIIT, Atd
CHOOSING AN EMBEDDED PLATFORM
FEATURES OF SINGLE BOARD COMPUTERS

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 62

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 CHOOSING AN EMBEDDED PLATFORM
POPULAR SINGLE BOARD COMPUTERS’ COMPARISON

Bibliographic Note: http://electronicdesign.com/author/vandana-lokeshwar

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 63
Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 CHOOSING AN EMBEDDED PLATFORM
POPULAR SINGLE BOARD COMPUTERS’ COMPARISON

Bibliographic Note: http://electronicdesign.com/author/vandana-lokeshwar

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 64
Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad
 YOUR QUESTIONS ???

EEE446 Real-Time Embedded Systems, Spring 2016, by Syed Mashhood Murtaza, 65

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad