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Igcse Pure Maths (9-1) : Coordinate Geometry Lecture - 3 07Th May, Thursday

The document provides instruction on coordinate geometry topics including finding intersection points of lines and curves, finding the equation of a perpendicular bisector, verifying if a point lies on a line equation, and calculating the area of a shape from coordinate points. Methods are demonstrated through examples such as finding the intersection of a curve and line, finding the perpendicular bisector equation between two points, substituting coordinates into a line equation, and calculating the area of a triangle using the coordinate points of its vertices.

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127 views

Igcse Pure Maths (9-1) : Coordinate Geometry Lecture - 3 07Th May, Thursday

The document provides instruction on coordinate geometry topics including finding intersection points of lines and curves, finding the equation of a perpendicular bisector, verifying if a point lies on a line equation, and calculating the area of a shape from coordinate points. Methods are demonstrated through examples such as finding the intersection of a curve and line, finding the perpendicular bisector equation between two points, substituting coordinates into a line equation, and calculating the area of a triangle using the coordinate points of its vertices.

Uploaded by

abrarjay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IGCSE PURE MATHS(9-1)

COORDINATE GEOMETRY
LECTURE – 3
07th MAY, THURSDAY
QUICK RECAP:
• Finding distance between two set of coordinates.

• Finding gradient of two pair of coordinates.

• Finding mid point of two set of coordinates on a line.

• Finding the coordinate which internally divides a line in a ratio T:U

• Finding the equation of a line using two methods.

• Finding the equation of a line which is either parallel or perpendicular to another line
equation.

• Finding the coordinates where the line equation cuts on x axis or y axis.
What’s new to learn?

• How to find the intersection point when a curve meets a line OR when
two lines meet?

• How to find the equation of a perpendicular bisector?

• How to verify whether a given set of coordinate lies on the equation of


line?

• How to find the area of a shape from given sets of coordinates?


1. How to find the intersection point when a curve
meets a line OR when two lines meet?

• When a curve equation intersects/cuts/meets a line equation OR

• When a line equation intersects/cuts/meets another line equation :

• We simply subject y from both the equations and equate them to


solve for x.

• Then from the solved value(s) of x we substitute it back to any of the


equations given to find the corresponding value(s) of y.
Example 1:
• Find the coordinates of the points of intersection of the curve with

equation y = 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟐 and the line with equation 7x + y = 8.

• Solution:
• Since y is already subjected in the curve equation y = 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟐 --- eq (i) we
change the line equation and make y subject.

7x + y = 8

• y = 8 - 7x --- eq (ii)
Now subs the values of x into
• y = 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟐 --- eq (i) y = 8 - 7x --- eq (ii) equation (ii): y = 8-7x

When x = 1,
• Equate eq (i) = eq (ii) or y of eq (i) = y of eq (ii) y = 8-7(1)
• 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟐 = 8 - 7x y=1

When x = -2
• 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟔 = 𝟎 (rearrange)
y = 8-7(-2)

𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟔 = 𝟎 y = 22

3x (x + 2) -3(x +2) = 0 So coordinates of intersection are:


(3x-3)(x+2) =0
(1 , 1) & (-2 , 22)
x = 1 or x = -2
Example 2:
• Find the coordinates of the points of intersection of the line P with equation
y = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒 and the line with equation 4x + 2y = 8.
• Solution: So we make y subject from second line equation
• 4x + 2y = 8 𝟖
Now we subs x = into equation 1 to get the value of y:
𝟓
• 2y = 8 – 4x y = 3x – 4
• y = 4 – 2x ---- eq (ii) 𝟖
When x =𝟓
𝟖
y = 3( ) – 4
• Now we equate both the y’s: 𝟓
𝟒
Therefore y =
• 3x – 4 = 4 – 2x 𝟓

• 3x + 2x = 4 + 4 𝟖 𝟒
So intersection coordinate is (𝟓 , 𝟓 )
• 5x = 8
𝟖
• Therefore, x = 𝟓
Class work #1:
1) Find the coordinates of the points of intersection of the curve with
equation y = 𝒙𝟐 −8x +11 and the line with equation x + y = 5

2) Find the coordinates of the points of intersection of the line L1 with


equation y = 5𝒙 − 𝟐 and the line L2 with equation 12x + 2y = 8.
2. How to find the equation of a perpendicular bisector?
• A perpendicular bisector is basically a line equation which intersects/cuts/meets another
line equation at the mid point and at 90 degrees.

• Steps to finding the equation of a perpendicular bisector.

1) Find gradient of the line which is to be cut from the given eqn or set of coordinates.

2) Use the formula of 𝒎𝟏 x 𝒎𝑷 = - 1 where 𝒎𝑷 is the gradient of the perp bisector

3) Find the mid point of the line which is to be cut if not given.

4) Finally substitute the values of the mid point and 𝒎𝟐 into the equation of a line
formula: 𝒚 − 𝒚𝑴 = 𝒎𝑷 (𝒙 − 𝒙𝑴 ) Perpendicular bisector

Mid point (𝒙𝑴 , 𝒚𝑴 ) Line that is to be


bisected
Example 3:
• Find an equation, with integer coefficients, for the perpendicular bisector of the
line joining the points (5, 9) and (11, –3).

𝒚 𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏 −𝟑−𝟗
Step 1: Find gradient : 𝒎 = = 𝟏𝟏−𝟓 = −𝟐 ( or value of 𝒎𝟏 )
𝒙 𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏
−𝟏 𝟏
Step 2: Find gradient of perp bisector: 𝒎𝟏 x 𝒎𝑷 = - 1 => 𝒎𝑷 =−𝟐 = 𝟐
𝒙𝟏 +𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟏 +𝒚𝟐
Step 3: Find the midpoint : (𝒙𝑴 , 𝒚𝑴 ) = ( 𝟐 , 𝟐 )
𝟓+𝟏𝟏 𝟗+(−𝟑)
(𝒙𝑴 , 𝒚𝑴 ) = ( 𝟐 , 𝟐 )
(𝒙𝑴 , 𝒚𝑴 ) = (8 , 3)
Finally equation of a perpendicular bisector : 𝒚 − 𝒚𝑴 = 𝒎𝑷 (𝒙 − 𝒙𝑴 )
𝟏
𝐲−𝟑 = 𝟐
(𝒙 − 𝟖)
𝟏
y= 𝒙 −𝟒+𝟑
𝟐
𝟏
Therefore, y = 𝒙 −𝟏
𝟐
Class work #2
• The points A and B have coordinates (5, 9) and (9, 3)
respectively.

The line l is the perpendicular bisector of AB.

Find the equation of the line l.


3. How to verify whether a given set of coordinate lies
on the equation of line?

• Just use substitution method.

• Put the given value of x and y into the line equation.

• If Left side is equal to Right side then the given coordinate lies on the line.

• Sometimes this substitution method of coordinates into line equation is also


used to find value of unknown constants.
Example 4:
• Show / verify that coordinate ( 3 , 4 ) lies on the equation of line
y = 2x – 2 .

• So here x = 3 and y = 4 are to be put into the line equation.


• y = 2x – 2
• 4 = 2(3) – 2
•4=4
• Since LHS = RHS , hence coordinate (3 , 4) lies on the equation.
Example 5:
• The point ( a , 5) lies on the line with equation 4x +3y – 10 = 0.
Find the value of the constant a.

Solution: Subs x = a and y = 5 into the line equation.

4x +3y – 10 = 0

4(a) + 3(5) – 10 = 0

4a + 5 = 0
−𝟓
a=
𝟒
Class work #3
1. Show / verify that coordinate ( 5 , -2 ) lies on the equation of line
y = 2x – 12 .

1. The point ( b , 9) lies on the line with equation 2x +4y – 6 = 0.


Find the value of the constant b.
4. How to find the area of a shape from given sets of
coordinates?
• Let’s say coordinates A (𝒙𝟏 , 𝒚𝟏 ) B (𝒙𝟐 , 𝒚𝟐 ) and C (𝒙𝟑 , 𝒚𝟑 )
• And they form an area.

𝟏 𝒙𝟏 𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟑 𝒙𝟏
• Area = 𝒚𝟏 𝒚𝟐 𝒚𝟑 𝒚𝟏
𝟐

𝟏
• Area = (𝒙𝟏 . 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 . 𝒚𝟑 + 𝒙𝟑 . 𝒚𝟏 ) − (𝒙𝟐 . 𝒚𝟏 + 𝒙𝟑 . 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒙𝟏 . 𝒚𝟑 )
𝟐
Example 6:
• Given, coordinates A (2,3) , B (0 , 5) and C (7 , 1)

𝟏 𝒙𝟏 𝒙𝟐 𝒙 𝟑 𝒙𝟏
• Area = 𝒚𝟏 𝒚𝟐 𝒚𝟑 𝒚𝟏
𝟐

𝟏 𝟐 𝟎 𝟕 𝟐
• Area =
𝟐 𝟑 𝟓 𝟏 𝟑
𝟏
• Area = (10 +0 + 21) – (0 + 35 + 2)
𝟐

𝟏
• Area = | -6 | = 3.
𝟐

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