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Environmental Engineering: AEN 3209 / MEC 4202

This document discusses pollution, pollution control, and pollution prevention. It defines pollution as the introduction of detrimental matter or energy into the environment. Pollution control involves measures after pollution occurs, while pollution prevention aims to eliminate or reduce pollution at its source. The goals of pollution prevention are to reduce waste generation, conserve resources, and prevent accidental releases. Effective pollution prevention and cleaner production programs can provide significant environmental, economic, and social benefits.

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Maurice Twesiime
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41 views

Environmental Engineering: AEN 3209 / MEC 4202

This document discusses pollution, pollution control, and pollution prevention. It defines pollution as the introduction of detrimental matter or energy into the environment. Pollution control involves measures after pollution occurs, while pollution prevention aims to eliminate or reduce pollution at its source. The goals of pollution prevention are to reduce waste generation, conserve resources, and prevent accidental releases. Effective pollution prevention and cleaner production programs can provide significant environmental, economic, and social benefits.

Uploaded by

Maurice Twesiime
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

AEN 3209 / MEC 4202


POLLUTION
Eng. Mutumba Raymonds

0700967439
[email protected]
What is Pollution?
What is Pollution?
 Introduction of matter or energy forms or inducing conditions to
the receiving medium(e.g. water, air, land…)

 Directly or indirectly forms a detrimental alteration of quality for


the medium with respect to later uses or its ecological function

 E.g. of pollutants: Water, Air and Land


Pollution Control & Pollution Prevention
Pollution control (PC):

 Measures taken to manage pollution after it has occurred…e.g

Pollution Prevention (PP):

 Measures taken at the source to eliminate and/or reduce


pollution (service operations, industrial complex
production/manufacturing)…e.g

 Five areas of PP focus: Water, Air, Solids, Time & Energy


Goals of PP :
 Eliminate and/or reduce waste generation

 Conserve natural resources and materials

 Prevent spills and accidental releases

 Prevent product losses


Policy as an approach for PP :

 Define environmental management policy (goals, accountable,


how to achieve , by whom )

 Achieve a greater decentralization of policies (known by all)

 Aim at improving performance management styles rather than


practices that emphasize strictly emissions control
Cleaner Production (CP):
 Continual effort: prevent pollution, reduce consumption of raw
materials and energy, and minimize waste generation at the
source, without decrease in production capacity

 CP refers to PP within the production processes (manufacturing)

 CP reduces waste and energy (reduces air, water and land


pollution thus benefit the environment and society)

 CP reduce costs and can generate profit; practical & feasible and
contribute to a sustainable future

 CP is process based and evolves with improvement in technology


and innovations
Cleaner Production (CP):
 Waste reduction: Achieve zero waste discharge

 Non-polluting production: Closed loop production processes with zero


contaminant release

 Environmentally sound products & By-products: Health and environmental


factors must be considered at the earliest point of product and process design
and over the product life-cycle (Production-use-disposal)

 Safe and healthy work environment: Minimize risks of workers by making the
workplace a cleaner, safer and healthier environment

 Production energy efficiency: Requires highest levels of energy efficiency


(Energy consumption per product output) & conservation (Reduction of
energy usage)

 Environmentally sound Packaging: Minimized product packaging and ensure


environmental friendly
PP and CP
 The effectiveness of the PP program is dependent on:

(i) Availability of resources (Technical, financial, Scientific,


and Engineering)

(ii) Cultural acceptance (Change of practices and envisioning


new goals of PP)

(iii) Development stages (Existence of different degrees/


levels of pollution due to the socio-economic development)
Key benefits of PP & CP Programs
 PP and CP have significant environmental (Reduction/eliminate CO2 & SO2
emissions; issues of climate change, acid precipitation, urban smog),
economic (Averted further environmental damage in a cost-effective manner)
and social benefits (Restoration of natural environment creates a safer and
more enjoyable habitat, and improves health & living standards)

 Reduction in operating costs (Reduced waste treatment, storage & disposal


costs; fewer resources for production & packaging; efficiency measures;
energy costs & facility cleanup)

 Reduction in ecological damage (Air quality improvement, no pollution of


water & land from waste generating, transporting, storage & disposal)

 Improved company/organization image (Positive employee attitude because


of safe & health working environment; Healthy, Safety & Sustainability of
neighborhoods)

 Reduction of civil and criminal liability (Reduced waste generated)…..


Other benefits of PP
 Minimizes or avoids the creation of pollutants;

 Avoids the transfer of pollutants from one medium to another;

 Accelerates the reduction and/or elimination of pollutants;

 Minimizes health risks;

 Promotes the development of pollution prevention technologies


eg. recycling technologies can help recover valuable materials
from waste
 Uses energy, materials and resources, more efficiently;

 Minimizes the need for costly enforcement;

 Avoids costly clean-up in the future; and

 Promotes a more competitive economy


Factors which affect PP programs
 The effectiveness of the PP program is dependent on:

(i) Availability of resources (Technical, financial, Scientific, and


Engineering)

(ii) Cultural acceptance (Change of practices and envisioning new


goals of PP)

(iii) Development stages (Existence of different degrees/levels


of pollution due to the socio-economic development)
Constraints to PP & CP Programs
 Resistance to change

 Fear of high costs

 Uncertainty of customer response to change

 Lack of priority for PP and CP programs


Summary

 Pollution, control and prevention-definition, goals, benefits,


factors, constraints…

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