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T R F R T R: To Seismology Exercise 2

1. The document introduces solutions to the 1D wave equation in spherical media and shows that a propagating wave solution is proportional to a function evaluated at shifted radial coordinates plus or minus the velocity times time. 2. It asks the reader to determine the necessary grid spacing and time step for a numerical seismic simulation with given physical dimensions, maximum/minimum velocities, and a stability criterion relating velocity, time step, and grid spacing. 3. It asks the reader to show that the time derivative of displacement divided by longitudinal strain is proportional to phase velocity and consider any applications of this. 4. It introduces the Fourier transform and shows that the Fourier transform of the first derivative is related to the spectrum multiplied by i times

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89 views1 page

T R F R T R: To Seismology Exercise 2

1. The document introduces solutions to the 1D wave equation in spherical media and shows that a propagating wave solution is proportional to a function evaluated at shifted radial coordinates plus or minus the velocity times time. 2. It asks the reader to determine the necessary grid spacing and time step for a numerical seismic simulation with given physical dimensions, maximum/minimum velocities, and a stability criterion relating velocity, time step, and grid spacing. 3. It asks the reader to show that the time derivative of displacement divided by longitudinal strain is proportional to phase velocity and consider any applications of this. 4. It introduces the Fourier transform and shows that the Fourier transform of the first derivative is related to the spectrum multiplied by i times

Uploaded by

Udham
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to seismology Exercise 2

1
1) Show that Φ (r , t ) = f (r ± αt ) , where α is the wave velocity, is a solution to the 1-D
r
wave equation in spherically symmetric media:

r
1
2
[ ]
1
∂ r r 2 ∂ r φ − 2 ∂ t2 Φ = 0
α

2) Computational seismology: You want to simulate wave propagation on a discrete regular


grid with physical dimensions (1000km)3 with a dominant period of 10s. The maximum
velocity in the medium is 8km/s, the minimum 5km/s. Your numerical algorithm requires
20 points per dominant wavelength. How many grid points do you need? The so-called
stability criterion (or Courant criterion) is const=c dt/dx where c is the maximum velocity
and const=1. You want to simulate 500s. Determine dt and the number of required time
steps for the simulation?

3) Assume a longitudinal plane wave propagating in x-direction. Show that the time
derivative of displacement divided by the longitudinal strain (εxx) is proportional to phase
velocity. Any applications?

4) The Fourier transform (FT) brings a function f(x or t) into its representation in the Fourier
domain (k or ω). Show that the FT of the first derivative is given as

F {∂ x f ( x)} = −ikF (k ) or F {∂ t f (t )} = −iωF (ω )

Where F(k or ω) is the spectrum of f(x or t). Can you generalise to the n-th derivative? As
a consequence, what does the wave equation (acoustic, 1D) look like in the ω-k domain?

Hint: The definitions of the Fourier transform are (integration from -∞ to ∞):
∫
Time domain: f (t ) = F (ω )e 2iωt dω F (ω ) = f (t )e −2iωt dt ∫
∫ F ( k ) = ∫ f ( x )e −2 ikx
Space domain: f ( x) = F (k )e 2 ikx
dk dk

Replace f(x) with d/dx f(x) (or d/dt f(t)) in the above equations and integrate by parts:
b b

∫
a
f ( x) g ' ( x)dx = [ f ( x) g ( x)]ba − ∫ f ' ( x) g ( x)dx
a

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