Scribd
Upload
82 views

Lecture 5 - Principle of PE

This document provides an overview of petroleum engineering and drilling engineering. It discusses how drilling engineers plan and organize oil and gas well drilling operations. Their responsibilities include designing well programs, casing strings, and drilling plans. The document also describes different types of wells, drilling rigs, drilling methods (cable-tool and rotary), drilling components like bits and mud, and key systems like hoisting, rotating, and fluid circulation systems.

Uploaded by

kurddoski28
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
82 views

Lecture 5 - Principle of PE

This document provides an overview of petroleum engineering and drilling engineering. It discusses how drilling engineers plan and organize oil and gas well drilling operations. Their responsibilities include designing well programs, casing strings, and drilling plans. The document also describes different types of wells, drilling rigs, drilling methods (cable-tool and rotary), drilling components like bits and mud, and key systems like hoisting, rotating, and fluid circulation systems.

Uploaded by

kurddoski28
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 23

Zaxo university

School of Engineering
Principle of petroleum engineering

INTRODUCTION TO DRILLING
LECTURE 5

Nazir Mafakheri
Lecture 5
Drilling Engineering

▪ Drilling engineering is a subset of petroleum engineering.

▪ Drilling engineers plan and organise all the operations that take place in the drilling of oil and
gas wells.

▪ Drilling engineers design and implement procedures to drill wells as safely and
economically as possible.
Drilling Engineering
➢ The role of a drilling engineer can vary depending on the employer, but
responsibilities include:

▪ Designing well programs (e.g., casing sizes and setting depths) to prevent blowouts
(uncontrolled well-fluid release) while allowing adequate formation evaluation.
▪ Designing or contributing to the design of casing strings and cementing plans,
directional drilling plans, drilling fluids programs, and drill string and drill bit programs.
▪ Specifying equipment, material and ratings and grades to be used in the drilling
process.
▪ Providing technical support and audit during the drilling process.
▪ Performing cost estimates and analysis.
▪ establishing and administering drilling and service contracts
▪ Developing contracts with vendors.
Drilling Engineering
❑ Wells:
▪ An oil well is a general term for any boring through the Earth's surface that is designed
to find and acquire petroleum oil hydrocarbons.
▪ A well that is designed to produce mainly or only gas may be termed a gas well.
Drilling Engineering

❑ Wells can be classified as:

▪ Exploratory well: A well drilled in an unproved area, either to find a new oil or gas
reservoir or to extend a known reservoir. Sometimes referred to as a wildcat.

▪ Delineation well: Awell drilled just outside the proved area of an oil or gas
reservoir in an attempt to extend the known boundaries of the reservoir.

▪ Development well: Awell drilled within the area of an oil or gas reservoir known to
be productive. Development wells are relatively low risk
Drilling Engineering

❑Drilling rig
A drilling rig is a machine which creates holes in the ground.

▪ Rigs can be gigantic and complex for deep wells in hostile environments.
Or fairly small and simple for shallow wells on land.

A rig needs to have:


o A way to break rock.
o A way to remove rock fragments from the well.
o A way to stabilize the hole so that it does not cave in.
o A way to raise and lower pipe and tools in and out of the well.
o A way to control pressures in the earth so that fluids do not escape
o uncontrolled from the well.
o A way for the people on the rig to control
Drilling Engineering

❑ Drilling rigs are classified as:


1) Onshore (land)
2) Offshore (Marine)
Drilling Engineering

Rigs

Marine Land

Bottom FLoating Conventional Mobile


Su pport

Semi/ Drill ship Jacknife Portable Mast


Submersible (Small)
(Deeper)

Platform Barge Jacku p

Self - Tendered
Contained
Drilling Engineering

1) Onshore (land)
Drilling Engineering
Drilling Engineering

❑Drilling Methods:
Any drilling method must meet two requirements:
(1)a means of breaking or abrading the formations to be penetrated
(2)a means of removing the cuttings or the rock fragments which are produced in the drilling
operation.

➢ Today, the two most widely used drilling methods are:


▪ Cable-tool.
▪ Rotary drilling
✓ Although rotary drilling is used more frequently, the earliest method used was cable- tool
drilling.
Drilling Engineering
1) Cable-Tool
▪ In the cable-tool method, drilling is accomplished by lowering a wire
line or cable into the hole. On the end of the line is a heavy chisel-
shaped piece of steel called the drilling bit.
▪ An up-and down motion is applied to the line at the surface. This
churning action chips small pieces of rock from the formations.
▪ The bit, which weights several hundred pounds, is continuously
dropped until a few feet of hole have been drilled.
▪ At this time, the line is raised by a drum at the surface and the bit is
removed. Then a bailer, a metal pipe with a one way flapper valve on
the lower end is lowered into the hole on another line called the sand
line.
▪ The chips cut by the drilling bit are picked up in the bailer and removed
from the hole so drilling can resume.
Drilling Engineering
❑ Rotary drilling
▪ Rotary drilling uses a sharp, rotating drill bit to dig down through the Earth's crust.
▪ The spinning of the drill bit allows for penetration of even the hardest rock.
Drilling Engineering
➢Rotary Drilling Process
▪ Rotary table rotates the drill string
▪ Downward force applied to the bit
▪ Cuttings are lifted to the surface by circulating a fluid down the drill string.

Main Component Parts of a Rotary Rig are:-


a. Power System
b. Hoisting System
c. Fluid Circulating System
d. Rotary System
e. Well Control System
f. Well Monitoring System
Drilling Engineering

➢Three principal types of bits are used in a rotary drilling operation:

(1)Drag of fish-tail bits

(2)Rolling –cutter bits more commonly called rock bits,

(3)Diamond bits. Most drilling bits are rock bits.


Drilling Engineering

➢ The Mud
▪ The drilling fluid can be liquid, commonly called mud, or it can be air,

natural gas, or foam.

▪ In addition to removing the cuttings from the well, the drilling fluid serves to

lubricate the bit and drill string.

▪ And, if it is mud, to prevent the flow of pore fluids into the well bore and to help

stabilize the bore hole through its density and other properties.
Drilling Engineering

➢Power System

▪ The power systems or prime movers in a rotary drilling rig are those pieces of
equipment that provide the power to the entire rig.
▪ Recently, while diesel engines still compose the majority of power sources on
rotary rigs, other types of engines are also in use.
▪ The energy from these prime movers is used to power the rotary equipment, the
hoisting equipment, and the circulating equipment.
Drilling Engineering
Drilling Engineering

➢ Hoisting Equipment:
▪ The hoisting equipment on a rotary rig consists of the tools used to raise and
lower whatever other equipment may go into or come out of the well.
▪ The most visible part of the hoisting equipment is the derrick, the tall tower-like
structure that extends vertically from the well hole.
▪ The hoisting system is made up of the drawworks, derrick, crown block,
traveling block, hook and wire rope.
▪ If a drill bit needs to be changed, either due to tear or a change in the subsurface
rock, the whole string of pipe must be raised to the surface.
Drilling Engineering

➢ Rotating Equipment:

▪ The rotating equipment consists of components that actually serve to rotate the
drill bit.
▪ Rotating equipment from top to bottom consists of swivel, a short piece of pipe
called the kelly, rotary table/topdrive, drill string and bit.
▪ A component called the swivel, which is attached to the hoisting equipment,
carries the entire weight of the drillstring, but allows it to rotate freely.
▪ The drill bit is located at the bottom end of the drillstring, and is responsible for
actually making contact with the subsurface layers, and drilling through them.
Drilling Engineering

Rotating system; the figures at bottom left


indicate the comparative sizes of the drill pipe
and drill collar.
Drilling Engineering

You might also like