MANUAL FOR PREPARATION OF Ph.D.

THESIS
(Prescribed Format and Specification)

1. GENERAL:

The manual is intended to provide broad guidelines to the Ph.D. Scholars in the
preparation of the thesis. In general, the thesis shall report, in an organized and scholarly
fashion, an account of original research work of the research scholar leading to the discovery
of new facts or techniques or correlation of facts already known (analytical, experimental,
hardware oriented etc) and demonstrating a quality as to make a definite contribution to the
advancement of knowledge and the research scholar's ability to undertake sustained research
and present the findings in an appropriate manner with actual accomplishments of the work
plainly stated and honestly appraised.

2. NUMBER OF COPIES TO BE SUBMITTED FOR EVALUATION :

Ph.D. Thesis : Six copies have to be submitted to the University.

3. SIZE OF THESIS:

The size of thesis should not exceed 300 pages of typed matter reckoned from the first
page of Chapter 1 to the last page of the Appendix.

4. ARRANGEMENT OF CONTENTS OF THESIS:

The sequence in which the thesis material should be arranged and bound should be as
follows:

1. Cover Page & Title page

2. Bonafide Certificate
3. Abstract
4. Acknowledgement
5. Table of Contents
6. List of Tables
7. List of Figures
8. List of Symbols, Abbreviations and Nomenclature
9. Chapters
10. Appendices
11. References
12. List of Publications
13. Curriculum Vitae

The Tables and Figures shall be introduced in the appropriate places.

5. PAGE DIMENSIONS AND MARGIN:

The dimensions of the final bound 3 copies of the thesis report should be 290mm x
205mm. Standard A4 size (297mm x 210mm) paper may be used for preparing the copies.

The Thesis (at the time of submission) should have the following page margins :

Top edge : 30 to 35 mm
Bottom edge : 25 to 30 mm
Left side : 35 to 40 mm
Right side : 20 to 25 mm

The thesis should be prepared on good quality white paper preferably not lower than
80 gsm.

Tables and figures should conform to the margin specifications. Large size figures
should be photographically or otherwise reduced to the appropriate size before insertion.

6. MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION:

The Scholar shall supply a typed copy of the manuscript to the guide for the purpose
of approval. In the preparation of the manuscript, care should be taken to ensure that all
textual matter is typewritten to the extent possible in the same format as may be required for
the final thesis.

Hence some of the information required for the final typing of the thesis is included
also in this section.

The headings of all items 2 to 12 listed in section 4 should be typed in capital letters
without punctuation and centered 50mm below the top of the page. The text should
commence 4 spaces below this heading. The page numbering for all items 1 to 8 should be
done using lower case Roman numerals and the pages thereafter should be numbered using
Arabic numerals.

6.1 Cover Page & Title Page - A specimen copy of the Cover page & Title page for
thesis are given in Annexure I.

6.2 Bonafide Certificate – The Bonafide Certificate shall be in double line spacing using
Font Style Times New Roman Font Size 14, as per the format shown in Annexure II.

The certificate shall carry the supervisor‟s signature and shall be followed by
the supervisor‟s name, academic designation (not any other responsibilities of
administrative nature), department and full address of the institution where the
supervisor has guided the research scholar. The term ‘SUPERVISOR’ must be typed
in capital letters between the supervisor‟s name and academic designation.

6.3 Abstract - Abstract should be an essay type of narration not exceeding four pages
outlining the research problem, the methodology used for tackling it and a summary
 of the findings, when typed double line spacing, Font Style Times New Roman and
Font Size 14.

6.4 Acknowledgement – The acknowledgement shall be brief and should not exceed one
page when typed in double spacing. The scholar‟s signature shall be made at the
bottom end above his / her name typed in capitals.

6.5 Table of contents - The table of contents should list all material following it as well
as any material which precedes it. The title page, Bonafide Certificate and
Acknowledgment will not find a place among the items listed in the Table of Contents
but the page numbers in lower case Roman letters are to be accounted for them. One
and a half spacing should be adopted for typing the matter under this head. A
specimen copy of the Table Contents for thesis is given in Annexure III.

6.6 List of Tables - The list should use exactly the same captions as they appear above
the tables in the text. One and a half spacing should be adopted for typing the matter
under this head.

6.7 List of Figures - The list should use exactly the same captions as they appear below
the figures in the text. One and a half spacing should be adopted for typing the matter
under this head.

6.8 List of Symbols, Abbreviations and Nomenclature - One and a half spacing should
be adopted for typing the matter under this head. Standard symbols, abbreviations etc.
should be used.

6.9 Chapters - The chapters may be broadly divided into 3 parts (i) Introductory chapter,
(ii) Chapters developing the main theme of the thesis, (iii) Results, Discussion and
Conclusion.

The main text will be divided into several chapters and each chapter may be further
divided into several divisions and sub-divisions.

* Each chapter should be given an appropriate title.

* Tables and figures in a chapter should be placed in the immediate vicinity of

the reference where they are cited.

* Footnotes should be used sparingly. They should be typed single space and
placed directly underneath in the very same page, which refers to the material
they annotate.

6.10 Appendices - Appendices are provided to give supplementary information, which if

included in the main text may serve as a distraction and cloud the central theme under
discussion.

* Appendices should be numbered using Arabic numerals, e.g. Appendix 1,

Appendix 2, etc.
* Appendices, Tables and references appearing in appendices should be
 numbered and referred to at appropriate places just as in the case of chapters.

* Appendices shall carry the title of the work reported and the same title shall be
made in the contents page also.

* The list of publications made by research scholar during the period of

research, shall be brought in the Appendix titled, as List of Publications and
the same shall be reported in the contents. The author can refer the
publications mentioned in the Appendix, in the text of the Thesis, by
mentioning his/her name followed by Appendix number and the year of
publication, in brackets.

6.11 List of References - Any works of other researchers, if used either directly or
indirectly, the origin of the material thus referred to at appropriate places in the thesis
should be indicated. A paper, a monograph or a book may be designated by the name
of the first author followed by the year of publication, placed inside brackets at the
appropriate places in the thesis should be indicated. A paper, a monograph or a book
may be designated by the name of the first author followed by the year of publication,
placed inside brackets at the appropriate place of reference. The citation may assume
any one of the following forms.

The authors publications during the period of research should not be included in the
references and can be separately mentioned as in 6.10.

Examples of citation

(i) An improved algorithm has been adopted in literature (Tsychiya 1980)

(ii) Jankins and Walts (1968) have dealt at length this principle.

(iii) The problem of mechanical manupulators has been studied by Shin et al

(1984) and certain limitations of the method used, has been pointed out by
Shin et al (1984 a).

The listing should be typed 4 spaces below the heading "REFERENCES" in

alphabetical order in single spacing left-justified. The reference material should be
listed in the alphabetical order of the first author. The name of the author/authors
should be immediately followed by the year and other details. A typical illustrative
list given below relates to the citation example quoted above.

REFERENCES (Harvard referencing system)

1. Ariponnammal S. and Natarajan S. (1994) „Transport Phonomena of Sm Se1-x

Asx‟ Pramana – Journal of Physics Vol. 42 No.5 pp.421-425.

2. Barnard R.W. and Kellogg C. (1980) „Applications of Convolution operators

to Problems in univalent function theory. Michigan Mach. J., Vol 27, pp 81-
94.
3. Jankins G.M. and Walts D.G. (1968), Spectral Analysis and its Applications'
Holder Day, Sanfrancisco.
 4. Shin K.G. and Mckay N.D. (1984) `Open loop minimum time control of
mechanical manipulations and its applications', Proc. Amer. Contr. Conf., San
Diego, CA, pp.1231-1236.

6.12 Curriculum Vitae – A Vitae mentioning the salient potentialities of the author shall
be made at the end of the Thesis and shall be made in three paragraphs.

The Vitae shall be prepared in double spacing and shall be restricted to a single page.

6.13 Tables and Figures - By the word Table, is meant tabulated numerical data in the
body of the thesis as well as in the appendices. All other non-verbal material used in
the body of the thesis and appendices such as charts, graphs, maps, photographs and
diagrams may be designated as figures.

* A table or figure including caption should be accommodated within the prescribed

margin limits and appear on the page following the page where their first
reference is made.

* Tables and figures on half page or less in length may appear on the same page along
with the text. However, they should be separated from the text both above and
below by triple spacing.

* All tables and figures should be prepared on the same paper or material used for the
preparation of the rest of the thesis.

* For preparing captions, numerals, symbols or characters in the case of tables or

figures, the Computer should be enclosed.

* Two or more small tables or figures may be grouped if necessary in a single page.

* Wherever possible, the entire photograph(s) may be reproduced on a full sheet of

photographic paper.

* Photographs if any should be included in the colour Xerox form only. More than
one photograph can be included in a page.

* Samples of Fabric, Leather, etc., if absolutely necessary may be attached evenly in a

page and fixed/pasted suitably and should be treated as figures.

7. TYPING INSTRUCTIONS

7.1 General

This section includes additional information for final typing of the thesis. Some
information given earlier under 'Manuscript preparation' shall also be referred.
The impressions on the typed/duplicated/printed copies should be black in colour.

If Computer printers are used uniformity of the font in the same thesis shall be
observed.

Certain symbols, characters or markings not found on a standard typewriter may be

hand written using Indian ink or a Stylus pen (in case stencil sheets are used). Corrections,
interlineations and crossing out of letters or words will not be permitted in any of the copies
of the thesis intended for submission. Erasures, if made, should be neatly carried out in all
copies.

A sub-heading at the bottom of a page must have at least two full lines below it or
else it should be carried over to the next page.

The last word of any page should not be split using a hyphen.

One and a half spacing should be used for typing the general text. The general text
shall be typed in Font Style Times New Roman and Font Size 14.

Single spacing should be used for typing:

(i) Long Tables

(ii) Long quotations
(iii) Foot notes
(iv) Multilane captions
(v) References

All quotations exceeding one line should be typed in an indented space - the
indentation being 15mm from either margin.

7.2 Chapters

The format for typing Chapter headings, Divisions headings and Sub-division
headings are explained through the following illustrative examples.

Chapter heading : CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Division heading : 1.1 OUTLINE OF THESIS

Sub-division heading : 1.1.2 Literature review.

The word CHAPTER without punctuation should be centred 50mm down from the
top of the page. Two spaces below, the title of the chapter should be typed centrally in capital
letters. The text should commence 4 spaces below this title, the first letter of the text starting
20mm, inside from the left hand margin.
The division and sub-division captions along with their numberings should be left-
justified. The typed material directly below division or sub-division heading should
commence 2 spaces below it and should be offset 20mm from the left hand margin. Within a
division or sub-division paragraphs are permitted. Even paragraph should commence 3 spaces
below the last line of the preceding paragraph, the first letter in the paragraph being offset
from the left hand margin by 20 mm.

8. NUMBERING INSTRUCTIONS

8.1 Page Numbering

All pages numbers (whether it be in Roman or Arabic numbers) should be typed

without punctuation on the upper right hand corner 20mm from top with the last digit in line
with the right hand margin. The preliminary pages of the thesis (such as Title page,
Acknowledgement, Table of Contents etc.) should be numbered in lower case Roman
numerals. The title page will be numbered as (i) but this should not be typed. The page
immediately following the title page shall be numbered (ii) and it should appear at the top
right hand corner as already specified. Pages of main text, starting with Chapter 1 should be
consecutively numbered using Arabic numerals.

8.2 Numbering of Chapters, Divisions and Sub-Divisions

The numbering of chapters, divisions and sub-divisions should be done using Arabic
numerals only and further decimal notation should be used for numbering the divisions and
sub-divisions within a chapter. For example sub-division 4 under division 3 belonging to
chapter 2 should be numbered as 2.3.4. The caption for the sub-division should immediately
follow the number assigned to it.

Every chapter beginning with the first chapter should be serially numbered using
Arabic numerals. Appendices included should also be numbered in an identical manner
starting with Appendix 1.

8.3 Numbering of Tables and Figures

Tables and Figures appearing anywhere in the thesis should bear appropriate
numbers. The rule for assigning such numbers is illustrated through an example. Thus, if a
figure in Chapter 3, happens to be the fourth then assign 3.4 to that figure. Identical rules
apply for tables except that the word Figure is replaced by the word Table. If figures (or
tables) appear in appendices then figure 3 in Appendix 2 will be designated as Figure A 2.3.
If a table to be continued into the next page this may be done, but no line should be drawn
underneath an unfinished table. The top line of the table continued into the next page should,
for example read Table 2.1 (continued) placed centrally and underlined.

8.4 Numbering of Equations

Equations appearing in each Chapter or Appendix should be numbered serially, the

numbering commencing a fresh for each Chapter or Appendix. Thus for example, an
equation appearing in Chapter 2, if it happens to be the eighth equation in that Chapter should
be numbered (2.8) thus:
 2
Vc
fc = k (4.4)
Vc + Vw + Va

While referring to this equation in the body of the thesis it should be referred to as
Equation (4.4).

9. BINDING SPECIFICATIONS

* Thesis submitted for 6 copies should be bound using flexible cover of thick
white art paper. The cover should be printed in black letters and the text for
printing should be identical to what has been prescribed for the title page.

* The sixth copy of the Ph.D. thesis should be reduced to A5 size with printing
on both sides with hard bound binding and submitted after the viva-voce
examination duly certified by the supervisor that all the corrections suggested
by the examiners have been carried out with signature. The recommendations
of the Viva Board Examiners as per the specimen copy of the Annexure IV
should be placed between the Title Page and Bonafide Certificate on binding.
The seventh copy of the Ph.D. thesis in CD form.
 ANNEXURE I
(A typical Specimen of Cover Page & Title Page)
<Font Style Times New Roman - Bold>

STUDIES ON THE PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE

WITH CERAMIC WASTE AGGREGATE
<Font Size 18> <1.5 line spacing>

A THESIS
<Font Size 14>

Submitted by
<Font Size 14> <Italic>

SENTHAMARAI RM
<Font Size 16>

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of
<Font Size 14> <1.5 line spacing>

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
IN
<Font Size 16>

SCHOOL OF ---
VEL TECH RANGARAJAN Dr. SAGUNTHALA R & D
INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
CHENNAI 600 062
<Font Size 16><1.5 line spacing>

NOVEMBER 2004
<Font Size 14>
STUDIES ON THE PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE
WITH CERAMIC WASTE AGGREGATE

A THESIS

Submitted by

SENTHAMARAI RM

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY

SCHOOL OF ---
VEL TECH RANGARAJAN Dr. SAGUNTHALA R&D
INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
: CHENNAI 600 062

NOVEMBER 2004
 ANNEXURE II
(A typical Specimen of Bonafide Certificate)
<Font Style Times New Roman >

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
<Font Style Times New Roman – Size - 16>

<Font Style Times New Roman – Size - 14>

Certified that this thesis titled “STUDIES ON THE PROPERTIES OF

CONCRETE WITH CERAMIC WASTE AGGREGATE” is the bonafide

work of Mr.RM.SENTHAMARAI who carried out the research under my

supervision. Certified further that to the best of my knowledge the work

reported herein does not form part of any other thesis or dissertation on the basis

of which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier occasion of this or any

other candidate.

<<signature of the Supervisor>>

SIGNATURE

<<Name>>
SUPERVISOR

<<Academic Designation

>> <<Department>>

<<Full address of the College>>

 ANNEXURE III
(A typical Specimen of Declaration Certificate)
<Font Style Times New Roman >

DECLARATION CERTIFICATE
<Font Style Times New Roman – Size - 16>

I, <<<Name>>>, hereby declare that the Thesis entitled “ <<<”Thesis Title”

>>>>” submitted to the Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R & D Institute
Of Science And Technology,
Chennai in partial fulfillment for the award of the Degree of Doctorate of
Philosophy in <<<Department Name >>> under the Guidance of <<<Guide
Name >>> thesis has not previously formed the basis for the award of any other
degree, Diploma, Associateship, Fellowship or other title.

Place: Chennai Signature of the Candidate

Date: Name: <<xxx>>
Reg No: <<xxx>>
 ANNEXURE IV
(A typical Specimen of Table of Contents)
<Font Style Times New Roman, Font Size 14>
TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

ABSTRACT iii
LIST OF TABLES xvi
LIST OF FIGURES xviii
LIST OF SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS xxvii

1 INTRODUCTION (text in 12pt roman font) 1

1
1.1 GENERAL 2
1.2 USE OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE IN CONCRETE-MAKING 5
1.2.1 General
12
1.2.2 Beneficiation Ceramic Waste
19
1.2.3 Test on Ceramic Waste Coarse Aggregate
1.2.3.1 General 25
1.2.3.2 Beneficiation Ceramic Waste 29
1.2.3.3 Test on Ceramic Waste Coarse Aggregate 33
1.3 SUSTAINABLE CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY 45
1.4 CERAMIC INDUSTRIAL WASTE AS COARSE AGGREGATE
58
69
2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 GENERAL 75
2.2 ALTERNATE AGGREGATES 99
2.3 RECYCLING 100
ATTENTION TO Ph.D / M.S.(By RESEARCH) SCHOLARS

MANUAL FOR PREPARATION OF Ph.D THESIS

9. BINDING SPECIFICATIONS

Thesis submitted in A4 size (6 copies) should be bound using flexible cover of

thick white art paper. The cover should be printed in black letters and the text
for printing should be identical to what has been prescribed for the title page.

The seventh copy of the Ph.D thesis to be submitted after the oral examination
should be reduced to A5 size with printing on both sides with hard bound
binding duly certified by the supervisor that all the corrections suggested by the
examiners have been carried out with signature. The recommendations of the
viva board examiners as per the title page and Bonafide certificate on binding.
The seventh copy of the Ph.D thesis in CD form
th
The 7 copy of the thesis in A5 size should contain the following.
1. A certificate as follows:

This is to certify that all the corrections suggested by the examiners have
been incorporated in the thesis of Mr./Ms.________________________

Place: SUPERVISOR
Date: (DESIGNATION)

(OR)

In case if no corrections are suggested by the examiners, the certificate should be

as follows.

This is to certify that no corrections have been suggested by the examiners in the
thesis of Mr./Ms.__________________________.

Place: SUPERVISOR
Date: (DESIGNATION)

2. A Xerox copy of the minutes of the Oral Examination Board.

These two items should be placed in between the Title page and Bonafide
Certificate