COMPARATIVE RELIGION

RELIGION
IS
INSTINCTIVE, MENTAL, HAPPINESS
BUT
WHICH ONE?

SH. DR.
MOHAMMAD HAWAREY

First Edition
1422H
2001G
Basmalah

In the Name of Allah

The Most Gracious, The Most Merciful

Page 3 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Important Remark

Important Remark

Due to the Shariah ruling we adopt and

consider most correct, there exist no copyrights
for this handbook. Any person has the full right to
buy, sell, copy, distribute, and redistribute this
book with no prior permission from the author,
provided that no single character, letter or word
is changed, erased, or altered in any way. In
case of questions or comments, please contact
the Editor on his email below. We do ask to cite
this book when reproducing anything in it.

The Author

Page 4 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Introduction................................................................................ 7

CHAPTER ONE
FUNDAMENTAL SURVEY OF THE SIX RELIGIONS.................... 13
Preface.................................................................................. 14
Part One: Religions’ Views about God ............................ 18
Section I: Confucianism View ........................................ 18
Section II: Hinduism View ................................................ 18
Section III: Buddhism View .............................................. 18
Section IV: Judaism View................................................ 19
Section V: Christianity View ............................................ 19
Section VI: Islam View ..................................................... 20
Part Two: Outline of Religion Views & History .................. 21
Section I: Confucianism .................................................. 21
Section II: Hinduism .......................................................... 26
Section III: Buddhism........................................................ 27
Section IV: Judaism.......................................................... 29
Section V: Christianity...................................................... 35
Section VI: Islam ............................................................... 42
Part Three: Comparison between Hinduism and
Buddhism .............................................................................. 51

CHAPTER TWO
GOD IN RELIGIONS.................................................................. 65
Section I: God in Confucianism......................................... 66
Section II: God in Hinduism ................................................ 68
Section III: God in Buddhism .............................................. 73
General Comparison among These Three Religions ..... 77
Section IV: God in Judaism ................................................ 77
Jews & Christians: The Relationship .................................. 83
Judaism and Islam............................................................... 83
Section V: God in Christianity ............................................ 85
Morals and the Three Religions ......................................... 90
Comparisons ........................................................................ 91
Mental Faith...................................................................... 91
Page 5 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org
Table of Contents

God's Esteem.................................................................... 91
Doubt in Belief .................................................................. 92
Section VI: God in Islam...................................................... 92
God's Omnipresence.......................................................... 93
God’s Multiplicity and Characteristics............................. 93
But what is the Relationship of the Creatures with the
Creator .................................................................................. 94
Atomic System Recognizes the Oneness of God .......... 95
Allah's Grace and Mercy ................................................... 97
Allah's Forgiveness and Love ............................................. 97
Islam Creates One Nation ................................................. 99
Prayer in the Three Religions .............................................. 99
Catechism in Islam, Judaism & Christianity ................... 101
Views of the Three Religions about the One of the other
Two....................................................................................... 102
The Next Life in the Three Religions................................. 103
When does Islam care for the Four Values in arranging
the three Relationships ..................................................... 105
Where are These Three Relationships and Four Values in
the other Two Heavenly Religions................................... 105
The Three Religions Views about the Relationship between
God and This Life ................................................................. 109
E/Abraham Is the Great Grandfather of … .................. 110
The Last Point of this Comparison among These Three
Heavenly Religions ............................................................ 113

CHAPTER THREE
CONCLUSION......................................................................... 115
Conclusion.......................................................................... 116

References ............................................................................. 119

Brief Biography....................................................................... 123
Accessory Information.......................................................... 124

Page 6 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Introduction

Introduction

Religiousness is a natural human property. It

is seen explicitly in the running life of every man,
family, tribe and nation all along the course of
history.
Some people worship the One Omni-
present Omni-potent God. Some others worship
numerous heavenly and earthly Gods. Some
others degenerate in devotion even to worship
or at least to sanctify certain animals, such as
the Indian Cow and Ox, or certain insects as the
Egyptian Beetles.
It is noticeable that the core of all human
sanctity, devotion and worship is God or Gods. It
is the Being around whom/which people
were/are used to congregate in their
prayers/rites.
But it is seen that spirituality has always
occupied the human psycho-mental space and
not materialism. It is not merely a case of
dividing steps and times among human races
due to the materialistic view though it is
highly/lowly practiced in this/that people in
this/that period of time. It is due to exterior and
interior factors, therefore we see the peoples
and nations which were forced to abandon it
how fast they came back to it when they got rid
of that compulsory.
For example, the peoples of the ex-Soviet
Union. How fast did they put out their

Page 7 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Introduction

communistic material dresses, which they were

forced by the police power to put on. Merely a
political stroke and everything was changed.
Spiritual practices strongly took place the
material ones. It is as if they were waiting that
crucial moment of change. They went back to
their original doctrines and religions. It was an
unbelievable case or matter of change even to
the acknowledged people.
Now, the essential question that needs a
very urgent and satisfactory answer is:
What is the core point of human spirituality?
If it is God, Who is God? What is God?
Where is God?
Undoubtedly, the answers of these
questions should settle the problem of what is
Before human life. But what about the other two
sides of the life: the After of it, and the
relationship between it and the Before and the
After?
The solution of this triple-sided problem is
very necessary for man’s satisfaction in heart
and contentment in mind. Man wants such a
solution to secure him the sound and perpetual
settlement of his feeling happy or unhappy.
Religions have attempted to spare that
settlement. Their viewpoints about God himself
have formed the main entrance for them. One
says God is only creator. Others say God is both
creator & controller. Others say recognition of
God is misleading minds as if opium when

Page 8 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Introduction

effective to people. Every stand has its certain

effects both individually and socially in man’s
life.
Let us hereafter in this book try to see how
do major six religions: Confucianism, Hinduism,
Buddhism as earthly religions, Judaism,
Christianity and Islam as heavenly ones look
upon God, aiming and hoping to hit the
purpose after we give as much as possible the
Fundamental survey of these religions.
But before that let us have a look about this
sort of science: Comparative Religion.
Science of Comparative Religion was firstly
created by Moslem scholars. There are many
Moslem writers well-known with their books in this
field. Nupakhti (202 A.H.) wrote the first book in
this science and called it (Ideas and Religions).
Maso’udi (346 A.H.) wrote the second two books
of this studies and called them (Religions). Adam
Metz, who recognized that the Moslem scholars
have the favor of priority in this field wrote that
frankly in his book (Islam Civilization in the 4th.
Hejrah Century), part 1, page 366.
Religions before Islam were used in their
scholars to look upon each other as heretics. This
case is well clear with the reciprocal non-
recognition between Judaism and Christianity
as heavenly religions, between Hinduism and
Buddhism as earthly religions.
But when Islam came into existence, it
determined the One origin of all the Divine

Page 9 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Introduction

Religions from the very beginning of humanity

with Adam (PBUH)(1) and the first Message Allah
revealed to Him until Mohammad (PBUHR)(2) and
the last Message Allah revealed to Him.
Consequently, Islam in its recognition of
Moslems and Non-Moslems specifies the rights
and duties of Ahlul-Ketab (believers of Divine
Revealed Books), who belong to the Old and
New Testaments, as a separate part of the
Islamic Nation all over the Islamic world from
those who do not belong to any of those
Heavenly Revealed Books.
It is well-known that the Glorious Quran and
the Prophet Mohammad’s Sunnah (Tradition)
have held many comparisons among religions,
and, successively, the Moslem scholars moved in
the same way. But regretfully we say that
because of the Crusade wars against Moslems
and the Andalus (Spain) suppression against
Moslems, this science promotion had stopped.
They did not end that stop until the modern era
when the Azhar Moslem Scholars resumed
writing on the way.
This science, due to Prof. Dr. Ahmad Shalabi
in his book (Comparative Religions &
Easternization) depends on three main rules
which I have noticed earnestly in writing this
paper.
The Curriculum should cover the study of all

(1) Peace Be Upon Him.

(2) Peace Be Upon Him and Relatives.

Page 10 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Introduction

Religions first, then to hold the comparison

among them in general and in specific themes,
such as the Belief in God, the Legislation and
Laws, or the History.
The Sources have to be widely covering the
Worldly Religions with the necessary details of
each.
The Nonalignment in writing would be so
clear and strictly performed that the writer has
to give the different or contradictory views as
much as he can, and whatever they meet or
not his/her own thoughts.
It is very important to say that this
comparison among the Divine Religions Islam,
Christianity and Judaism has promoted with the
(so-called) Peace Process between (Israel) and
the Arab States to become a type of realizing a
mutual understanding among the three
religions. Many conferences and meetings have
been convened for the purpose, esp. in Egypt,
Jordan and Vatican. Clearly, it is (a promising)
movement in the U.S.A. in particular in spite of
this cursed war waged against Islam and
Moslems and the so-called terrorism.
But what promise?!
And to what time this case should
continue?!
And when such a science of Comparative
Religions would promote impartially and truly?!

Page 11 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Blank

Page 12 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

CHAPTER ONE

FUNDAMENTAL SURVEY OF THE SIX RELIGIONS

Confucianism, Hinduism, Buddhism,

Judaism, Christianity, Islam

Page 13 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

Preface

As a necessary preliminary step, these three

questions have to be answered:
1. Why are there religions?
2. What does genuine religiousness mean?
and
3. Within the Course of Humanity what do
we see in this field?
As an inevitable result of reading deeply
and illuminatively all the assigned books in this
paper and countless others, I can say
unhesitatingly that merely an investigating
survey for the history of religions determines the
evidence of the fact that theological insights
have been in existence all through the course of
humanity and without any exception both of
races or individuals.
So what is the Relationship with
Religiousness of man?
Therefore, to speak psychologically and
sociologically, man emphasizes his cause of
relationship with religiousness in this way:
It is being naturally and instinctively created
from the beginning of man’s creation, and it is
well clear with man when feeling weak, lack
and needy for outside factors both for his life
very existence and order at the same time.
It is in existence despite all attempts run by
some people or scholars to hide the reality
behind deceitful screens of logic more than any

Page 14 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

other sound intellectual and perceptible pleas,

matter which incites man to go on looking for
solutions for his problems.
Seeking Solutions for the problems:
What are these Solutions?
People, consequently, whenever seeking
solutions for their problems, find that embracing
a certain religious faith and joining the
representing religious group or commune would
secure the looked-for solution.
Corresponding for those Solutions:
To what extent these Solutions correspond
with human Fitrah (nature) and mind?
It is well-known that the extrinsic factors of
environment, starting from the parental and
familial stimuli and ending with the educational-
cultural systems, correspond with the intrinsic
intuition - intellectual factors, so as to meet the
genuineness of human religiousness of Fitrah
and instincts of religion.
Many of Human Religions:
But why are there many different religions?
There are various causes for that matter as
follows:

1. It is because of Individual Potentials:

Undoubtedly, it is due to human individual
distinctive potentials, since none is exactly
similar to another of people, not in respect of
the very existence of man’s properties and
characteristics but of the high or low level of

Page 15 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

each, a matter which effects the strong or weak

commitment with the religious faith and its
beliefs and laws.
2. It is because of the very Existence of
Religions and the level of Relationship with the
Creator:
This is in regard of adherence to the religious
beliefs and teachings, but what about the very
existence of religions?
It is the matter of The Creator and all His
creatures: whenever man believes in The
Creator of the whole existence, including the
living and non-living beings, he has to settle the
question of the relationship between Him and
His creatures in a certain case limited in the
mere existence of the Creator and His creatures,
and, consequently, certain religions are
established.
If he sees that the Creator is merely A
Creator and has nothing to do with the control
of all His creatures, there should be a separation
between Him and His creatures, and a religion
or many religions are founded.
But if faith assures His complete control,
there should be no such a separation both in
man’s individual life or societal and communal
one, and other religion or more are in existence.
Six Religions & The One Creator:
How do the six religions look upon the Oneness
of God?
All the well known six religions:

Page 16 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

Confucianism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism,

Christianity and Islam ascertain the Creator
Omnipresence, Omnipotence, though the
Heavenly latter three differ from the former ones
in His reality and control, i.e. if He is the One and
without any companion in His Oneness, or He
has any sort of companionship with others.
Now we can put down the theme of this
chapter in the following parts and sections.

Page 17 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

Part One: Religions’ Views about God

Section I: Confucianism View

Confucianism sees...:
What?

Confucianism, as a general idea, sees that

the Emperor, as the Son of Heaven, charges his
people throughout the Superiors and less-rank
Rulers, who aim to apply the general principles
of conduct and morality rather than manners.

Section II: Hinduism View

Hinduism sees ….:

What?

Hinduism, as a general idea, sees in Indra

and, next to him in rank, Agni as the top Gods
who partake control all other life, man and
universe domains and aspects.

Section III: Buddhism View

Buddhism sees …:
What?

Buddhism, as a general idea, sees, in result

of people sufferings, that the Great God
Brahman is not good if he is powerful and

Page 18 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

helpless at the same time, but he is even not

God if not powerful.

Section IV: Judaism View

Judaism sees…:
What?

Judaism, as a general idea, sees that the

One God of Abraham and his descendants
(PBUT) is in full control of all creatures though
they do not care much about Him in running life
affairs.

Section V: Christianity View

Christianity sees …:
What?

Christianity, as a general idea, sees that the

Trinity of Father, Son and the Holy Ghost are the
Top-sacred Beings, though the Father of them
controls the whole creatures through His Son
Jesus (PBUH).
It sees also that His teachings are delivered
to the children of Israel (Jacob) by His son who
delivered them by his eleven disciples and
saints.
It sees at last, that attention must be called
to the fact that there should be separation
between the church and state, referring to

Page 19 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

Jesus’ words “Give to Caesar what is his, and to

God what is His”.

Section VI: Islam View

Islam sees...:
What?

Islam, as a general idea, sees there is no

God but the One Allah, and Mohammad
(PBUHR)is the Messenger of Allah. His Message
the Quran and Sunnah should be applied in life
by the Islamic State. They should be adhered to
by all human races, starting from the very date
of the Revelation until the Dooms Day.

Page 20 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

Part Two: Outline of Religion Views & History

Now we come to speak in brief about the

Religions’ views and history:
What are the outlines of the views and
history of each of the six Religions?
Outline of Religion Views & History
But what was the outlined- views and history
of each of these six well-known religions?

Section I: Confucianism

Let us start with Confucianism, due to the

date order only.
Who is the founder of this religion?
Where did he include his teachings?
Its founder is Confucius. He was born in
China in 551 B.C. and died there in 479 B.C. His
doctrine and teachings are included in his work
called Analects, which means Selected Sayings.
What was this founder?
Confucius was a private man who was used
to train the sons of the gentlemen to become
members of the ruling class. He himself was
longing to become a ruler, so as to teach his
supposed Good Way, which Analects portray, to
the people. He relied upon the ideal old
thoughts and asked others to follow the rules of
the Former Kings, so as to avoid committing any
wrong action.
Upon whom did he rely to deliver his

Page 21 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

doctrine and teachings?

He depended on certain men. He called
them the Divine Sages. Three of whom his
Analects mentioned: Yao, Shun and Yû the
Great, who were assisted in running their tasks by
a certain group of servants.
His Twenty Disciples:
Were there certain disciples for him?
There were some twenty people. The
introduction of the Book Confucianism, edited
by Jaroslav Pelikan, figured as the Confucius
disciples.
Then who is Master Tseng ?
Master Tseng is the most important one of
them all, because he is edited in the Analects
with twelve sayings of his own.
Transmitter of Analects:
Who?
But it is worthily remembered that Confucius
described himself as a transmitter and not an
originator of Analects. This case justifies
supposing the book empty of containing many
authentic sayings, and possibly none at all,
though we have to assure in precaution that
such an oldest stratum, even isolated, takes
place in Gospels as well as in Buddhist literature.
And, also, since one has to depend on
“hearing much” to know very little of real texts
which might be ascribed to Confucius, there
should be much caution.
Why was such a caution taken?

Page 22 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

It was taken because all the sources

underhand were mainly pre-Han, and those
forged books were late. So old and isolated
sentences have been detached from their
context and connected together in a clever
way to falsify the meaning.
Similarity with other Religions:
Does this case similar to any other religions?
This case is similar to that in all Scriptures of
Judaism Old Testament, and of Christianity New
Testament, and of some of the Prophetic
Sunnah and not Quran of Islam.
But when all the ritual books of
Confucianism were put down?
All the ritual books were certainly written
long after the time of Confucius. The attributes
they adopt are almost alike to those in churches
of protestant and catholic, and some how to
the inside-outside Moslem mosques.
Their Dress-regulation:
What about this dress regulation?
The dress-regulation contained in the
Analects are the same as other nations who
care much of them for the certain occasions
both for the upper class and public one.
Their Burial and Mourning Rites:
What about them?
The burial and mourning rites, besides the
sacrifice ones, are nearly the same as in
prohibitions as with Buddhism, Christianity and
Islam.

Page 23 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

Their Ritual Vessels:

How are they?
The ritual vessels have to be arranged by
the Divine King, who was the Emperor and the
Son of Heaven, so as to give their magic
influence over the common people.
The Social Virtues:
How are they and what is their relationship
with the society?
They were used to adhere to social virtues,
such as royalty, promise-keeping, respect for
elders and courage in the cause of right. They
had a very vast scope of ritual virtues. Their
gentlemen had to master 300 rules of major
ones and 3000 of minor ones, else they were
disregarded of being gentlemen.
Their Music and Dancing:
What are they and their effect in society?
Confucius considered music and dancing
the same as the ancient Greeks. They are
instruments of education. They promote virtue,
love among gentlemen, and make common
people easy to rule.
Analects Book:
Was it interpreted?
The Analects have two main interpretations:
the old and the new. The old is that of the Lun
Yu Chi Chieh, presented to the throne about
A.D. 240, though done before hundreds of years.
It continued until Chu Hsi (A.D. 1130-1200) came
to say that he was like Confucius; a transmitter

Page 24 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

rather than an originator.

But he achieved his main object to
popularize the new approach to the Confucian
classics taught by the brothers Ch’eng Hao (A.D.
1033-1085) and Ch’eng I (A.D. 1033-1107).
Chu Hsi Role:
What was it?
Chu Hsi, the great scholar, was concerned
with a Truth rather than with a God. So he
assumed one Truth involved in the teachings of
the brothers Ch’çng and in the sayings of
Confucius, and that the Truth of the brothers lay
on the surface but that of Confucius Analects
lay hidden behind the words.
Chu Hsi’s task, as he said, was to make it
known or accessible to everybody. That case
made him a great popular educator and
evangelist but not at all a scholar.
Chinese interest in historical events:
What were the effects of that interest?
And since the Chinese were not in lack of
the chronological sense, they mentioned the
important dates, such as that of Confucius
birthday and death, in connection to public
events and persons. So, the accepted date of
Confucius, i.e. 551-479 B.C., is doubtful to M.
Maspero who suggested a quarter of a century
later than it.

Page 25 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

Section II: Hinduism

What is the book Rig Veda?

As for Hinduism, The Rig Veda, which covers
the other three primary books of the Hinduistic
revelation: Yujur Veda, Sama Veda and Athara
Veda, means Praise of Wisdom and constitutes
the core of this religion and philosophy.
How many hymn are there in this book?
It involves them all in one thousand and
twenty five hymns, distributed over ten books.
They are clearly seen herein with this book
(Hinduism: The Rig Veda) translated by Ralph
T.H. Griffith, with a valuable introduction which
speaks that the Rig Veda must be understood in
the light of the religious meanings of the older
Verdic religion and of the Brahmanism and the
Hinduism that came after.
Hinduism is Monotheistic Religion,
How?
It is remarkable that that Introduction and
other sources emphasize that this religion is
implicitly monotheistic religion, since it frankly
says in Book 1, as aforementioned, “They call
him Indra, Mitra, Varuna, Agni, and he is
heavenly nobly-winged Garutman. To what is
One, sages give many a little: they call it Agni,
Yama, Matarisvan” (1:164.46).
The Complete Rig Veda:
Where is it?
It is known also that Griffith’s translation

Page 26 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

dated 25 May 1889, was the complete one

although Prof. H. H. Wilson published in 1819 his
Sanskrit English Dictionary and began translating
the Rig Veda in 1850. But that of Griffith,
published at Delhi in 1973 and again in 1976, has
well established the basis for the modern Indian
edition of the Rig Veda in English.
More details should be mentioned later
when comparing between this religion and
Buddhism.

Section III: Buddhism

Who is the founder?

As for Buddhism, Prince Gautama of India is
the founder of this religion. It had been in
existence before twenty four centuries.
Its Extended Land:
It extended from its motherland India to
Nepal and Ceylon, where it trespassed the
borders to China, Japan, Tibet, Central Asia and
Siberia.
It stamped other religions:
Where?
It stamped clearly upon modern
Brahmanism in India and adapted the Hinduist
habits and conventions to its precepts.
Its Spread:
To what extension?
More than a third of mankind, due to Edwin
Arnold in his book (The Light of Asia), owe their

Page 27 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

moral and religious ideas to this famous, gentle,

holy and beneficent Prince, who united the
princely qualities with the intellect of a sage and
the passionate devotion of a martyr.
Where was he born?
When was he dead?
This Prince Gautama was born near the
nowadays border of Nepal in about 620 B.C.
and died in about 543 B.C.
Its Ideas & Beliefs:
What are they?
From along his life, which we will see later in
more details, he was used to call for eternal
hope, immortal boundless love, faith in final
good and human freedom.
He rejected:
What?
He rejected all degradation inflicted by the
priests upon those great ideas whose inclusive,
comprehensive doctrine aimed at the general
purport.
Its Chief Features:
What are they?
Buddhism chief features are well noticeable
in Nirvana, Dharma and Karma which show to
what sublime, emotional, meditative..
personality was the Prince Gautama, who is still
worthily praised and lauded by many eminent
scholars as one of the prominent characters of
religion in the course of the human seeking for
the Truth.

Page 28 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

Section IV: Judaism

What is the relationship of Judaism with

Abraham?
As for Judaism, it started with Abram (PBUH)
later called Abraham, who was born in today
Iraq, in Kur-Kaldan, before about forty centuries,
then he went to the north in Haran, from where
he was ordered by the One Creator God to
move to the (so-called) Promised Land in a
gradual journey.
Abraham's Family:
Who are they?
He accompanied with him his family and his
nephew Lot. His wife Sarah, the prominent figure
all along his journey, was the other basic
character.
Genesis Old Testament says:
What?
In the first Chapter, Genesis, of their Bible,
Abraham (PBUH) and his family co-lived
prosperously with the Kananites in Palestine,
despite they were separated from each other.
Abraham’s Journey to Palestine:
Was it there or more?
But, due to Genesis, he went, because of
the famine, with his wife Sarah to Egypt, where
he disguised as her brother, so as to secure his
life and earn much benefits.
But a plague affected Pharaoh and all his

Page 29 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

close men to dismiss Abraham and his wife

Sarah, when they discovered that those false
brother-and-sister were the cause.
His sons in serial birthday:
Ishmael His First Son & Isaac His Next Son.
Later on, due to Genesis also, after the birth
of his son Ishmael from his maiden Hajar, who
was given to him from the Pharaoh, and then
the birth of Isaac from Sarah, he was oppressed
by this Sarah to take Hajar and her son Ishmael
away to live far from her and her only son Isaac.
Sacrifice Order:
With whom?
Genesis narrates that God ordered
Abraham to sacrifice his son (Isaac), a story
which is refuted by most of Moslem Scholars,
since they overweigh the Sacrifice Order for
Ishmael not Isaac.
He obeyed and so God redeemed (Isaac)
by a ram sent down from Heaven not to pacify
his mother Sarah, but for a short time after which
she died in her fatal grief, sorrow and pain.
What Genesis says?
Jacob & Essau are the Sons of Isaac:
Genesis assures that Isaac got a son, and
named him Jacob. But because of his mother’s
envy the feeling of hatred broke out between
him and his brother Essau, since he was going to
gain his father’s blessing and then heredity and
legacy.
Jacob mother ill-utilized the blindness of

Page 30 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

Isaac and cheated him to bless Jacob in stead

of Essau though he intended this one. But, due
to Genesis, he refused Essau complain of that
deceit and considered the bless sound:
What a wonderful story and the like which
degenerates God’s prophets & Messengers! It is
not extraordinary since they were and still
accustomed to commit such crimes!
Jacob's Twelve Sons:
Who are they?
Genesis speaks that Jacob married one of
his father’s family members to have his ten sons
from her and his other two sons, Joseph and
Benjamin, from his second wife.
What happened among the brothers?
How?
Genesis assures the repetition of the envious
case but among these twelve brothers, as a
result of a maltreatment of their father in
preferring those two sons, Joseph and Benjamin,
and Joseph in particular, to the other ten ones.
What effect?
They, consequently, decided to get rid of
Joseph, whom, due to Genesis they sold to
traders who by turn sold him to the Pharaoh of
Egypt, where he was successfully living after
having all the country control in his hands
through God’s learning him the interpretations
of dreams.
Travel to Egypt..
Why?

Page 31 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

Once more famine swept upon Palestine to

enforce Jacob, called thereafter Israel, to send
his sons to bring back supplies of food from
Egypt.
Similar to Islam..
What?
Those repeated attempts of buying food,
agreed upon with Islam, ended by acquainting
their brother Joseph, who ordered them to go
back to Palestine and bring back their parents
and the whole family to live near him in Egypt.
Pharaoh Maltreatment to Israelites:
Why?
Genesis determines that they lived there
separating from the Egyptians, who envied their
prosperity and later on exercised slavery and
harsh treatment against them. It is remarkable
that Genesis is still repeating envy as the only
cause of all misfortunes of Beni Israel among
themselves and between them and others. It
ignores all other causes of their badness.
Maltreatment Continued..
Why?
Because they were anxious and afraid of
them.
Moses Came:
From where?
Moses (PBUH) who fled away to Madian, for
fear of Pharaoh and his men, came back to be
ordered, on the way, by God as His Messenger
to save his people the Israelites or Beni Israel

Page 32 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

from the tyranny of Pharaoh.

The Tyranny ended..
Why?
and How?
He, at last, accompanied them in Exodus
from Egypt to Palestine through the Red Sea in a
miracle by which they crossed the sea safely
whereas Pharaoh and his army were drowned, a
miracle agreed upon with Islam.
Did they arrive Palestine?
and settle there?
After so many ordeals, because of
committing misdeeds against God’s orders and
even disbelief and worshipping the calf, the
Israelites kept in wander for forty years in Sinai as
a punishment for those misdeeds and disbelief.
Moses died there at the end of the wandering
period to be succeeded by his close friend
Eshaia (Yusha’i) since his brother Aaron (Haron)
had died before him. Yusha’i occupied
Palestine after they had been rejecting his
orders for fear of Amalek the Palestinians.
Results of Wars Against Palestinians, Babylon
& Romans:
What were?
Wars broke out between them and the
Palestinians (Amalek) to defeat them through
God’s help after they had restored truthfulness
and good promise. But they did not last long on
this good case. So they settled not long period
there because of going to disobedience to

Page 33 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

God. So they suffered of the Babylon and later

the Roman oppression, during which they were
exiled and expelled from Palestine to stay there
for less than two centuries.
They were easily used to go back to
disobedience and disbelief since they
embraced the beneficial viewpoint of life which
abandon spirituality from everything.
Jesus Christ Came:
This is Exodus and the period of their Kings
which ended with the revelation to Jesus Christ
(PBUH) to be the Messenger of God, so as to
reform the Israelites after straying away from
God’s commandments in the so-called Old
Testament and Talmud.
Mohammad (PBUHR) came..
They continued living in offense and
corruption after God had rescued Jesus Christ
(PBUH) from them to lift him up to the sky and to
leave them in controversial case about him.
They continued committing disobedience and
corruption despite of the Roman Expel.. until
God revealed to Mohammad (PBUHR) to be His
Messenger not to them or Arabs or any other
special group of people but to all human and
jinn beings in general. So he tried to save them
by calling them with many Quranic verses, but
they obstinately went on in their badness and
disbelief. They deserved consequently the third
Expel.
The continued running the same bad way

Page 34 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

until both the Crusade powers and Zionist one

gathered together to enable them to come
back to Palestine. It is because of not their
goodness but of Moslems weakness in belief and
behavior and adherence to their Islam. It is still a
punishment to bring them back to Palestine, the
sacred Islamic land.
Now, let us go back to the serial
emergence of religions to live with Jesus Christ
(PBUH) and his religion.

Section V: Christianity

As for Christianity, it commences with the

birth of Jesus Christ (PBUH) from his mother Mary
without a father but with God’s miracle to beget
him in this way as a sign of God’s omnipotence,
the same as Eve, who was begotten from a
father (Adam) without a mother, and the same
but in more a wonderful miracle as of Adam
who was created of the earth soil throughout
the God’s order and without father and mother.
What is the bible of Christianity?
Is it the new Testament?
Due to the New Testament, and the four
gospels of Mathew, Mark, Luke, and John, all the
details of Jesus’ biography are narrated, after
which the Acts of the Eleven Apostles covered
the long period of preaching, in which the
church system was established.
Jews Neglected Jesus:
Page 35 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org
Chapter One

What is the Jews’ viewpoint about Jesus?

The Jews neglected completely any
mention of Jesus in their Old Testament and
Talmud, although, up to Dr. Israel Walvensun, he
was mentioned at first in Talmud, with how he
was killed, but they dropped the event out, so as
not to be known by any of the Christian nations
among whom they, the Jews, were and still
living so as to pass their press so easily on the
Christian clergymen and on their public opinion
that they would respond to their forgery of
religion. In fact this case took place both in
regard of putting down the responsibility of the
today Jews for so-called Christ Blood and for
supporting their assumed selected people and
promised land..
The Politician Saul:
What was his political role?
Saul, or later St. Paul, was really the founder
or at least the revivalist of Christianity. His efforts
and endeavors before and after he was taken
to Rome for trail as a Roman and not Israelite,
due to his assumption, show to what extent the
man was clever as a politician more than as a
religious one.
Wells and Saul:
Well’s Testimony on his behalf:
If we read what Wells wrote in his book
(Outline of History, vol. 3, p. 998) the role of Saul
would be so clear that he himself alone had
secured Christianity from vanishing, especially

Page 36 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

through his messages, which prevail upon the

New Testament, besides his journeys, which
started from Antioch to move to Rome and
back along the Mediterranean countries to
Palestine.
There are many Western scholars who
assure his wide extent of trick he played by
himself and messages in inoculating Trinity into
Christianity in place of Unitarianism.
Gerald L. Berry & Saul:
What does G. L. Berry say about Saul?
Also, if we read something of what Gerald L.
Berry wrote in his book (Religions of the World)
from page 68 to page 76, we will be immensely
surprised with the details he mentioned about
the viewpoint of the Western intellectual elite in
respect of Christianity and its idea about Christ..
Saul Inserted Strange Beliefs into Christianity:
Saul Inoculated Christianity with Paganish
Beliefs:
Saul inoculated the believers and others
with many paganish beliefs so as to follow his
teachings and to destroy every opponent
against him, despite the strong opposition of the
disciples. How bitterly he was used to face them
all without any supporter except John, who was
very obedient to his orders all along his journeys
and moving from place to another. How Europe
responded greatly to his views, since he
intermingled them cleverly and cunningly with
the paganish European ones, such as the

Page 37 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

festivals of the New Year, the Resurrection, the

Easter …etc.
Roman Empire Change:
What happened to that Empire?
After being persecuted fiercely by the
Roman Empire, the Emperors began to change
gradually their stand. In year 313 A.C.
Constantine recognized Christianity, and
Augustine before and Gregory I after supported
it. The Archbishop of Rome became the most
powerful one among the five Archbishops of
Antioch, Jerusalem, Alexandria, Constantinople
and Rome, because of two things:
1. Rome was the capital, and
2. Rome church was believed to be
established by St. Peter himself, authorized by
Jesus directly.
Asia & the Pure Christianity in Opposite of
Europe:
What was the effect of changing Europe to
the Paul Christianity of Trinity?
To sum up, Asia was living generation after
generation the Jesus Christianity, without any
deviation from the pure faith that God is One
and nothing to do with father and son at all. At
the same time Europe was living the Paul
Christianity and its belief of Trinity. It was
inevitable to settle this problem of dissention by
a certain conference for the high Christian
clergymen.
Conference of Niqia convened..

Page 38 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

When?
The Emperor Constantine called for the
Conference of Niqia in 325 A.C. to be attended
by 2048, who in most of them were believing in
Jesus’ Christianity. But the Emperor’s close
friends as European were believing in Paul’s
Christianity.
What happened?
The Emperor and Pope Rome were incited
against the opponents to exile some of them
and expel the others, since they were rejecting
the Trinity Belief. The Egyptian Scholar Arius was
killed. The Roman Empire was dissented into two
parts in respect of Christianity Belief. Another
conference was necessary.
The Second Conference convened..
What were the effects?
Another conference was ordered to
convene to put an end for the dissention. None
attended it but those of Paul’s Christianity. They
were only 318 one, who decided the divinity of
Christ the same as Paul was used to propagate.
What did they decide also?
Also, they decided to destroy all documents
disagreeing with their belief, and to punish
harshly who might hide any of those documents.
What effects..
Challenge..
Consequently, the true Christianity of Jesus
started vanishing gradually and the police of
Christianity of Paul replaced it without the true

Page 39 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

gospels and the true God-unifying believers.

And this is the case of today. The challenge was
over on behalf of Paul Christianity of Trinity.
This is the Bitter Truth the Western Scholars
have discovered early.
Herein an impartial objective stand should
be dealt with...
What happened?
Contradictory Viewpoints:
But out of nonalignment and honesty in
such a controversial scientific problem, the other
contradictory viewpoint should be presented as
much brief as possible.
New Testament Assures …:
What?
It is clear that the current New Testament
assures the great influence of St. Paul Messages
in particular and not less than that of others in
general.
The New Testament started with the
presentation of Jesus’ life (PBUH) and what he
endured of sufferings, caused by the Jews or
Israelites or the Children of Israel, all along his
about thirty years of life, from the very beginning
of his birthday until (so-called) crucifixion and
death and resurrection.
The New Testament includes St. Paul’s
messages, the commandments of Jesus and
their interpretations which are still preached
with, focusing on the faith of Trinity and on
bewaring of committing any misdeed or

Page 40 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

disbelief, whatever and however the

oppressions against the believer might be.
Now, there should be a standing by St. John
and his role in Christianity.
St. John Divine Revelation:
What about?
The Divine Revelation of St. John comes at
the end of the New Testament. It prepares
psychologically the believer in Christ to endure
even any unbearable sort of aggression or
suppression they might suffer for the sake of
Jesus (PBUH) and the Heavenly life they should
be rewarded for that at the Dooms Day.
What is therein also?
The Second Coming - down of Jesus:
At the same time it prepares the believers
for the Second Coming-down of Jesus and for
the Last Dooms Day in which all people should
be either rewarded in Heaven for sound belief,
even without sound deeds, since Jesus (PBUH)
has, due to them, redeemed them all on the
cross and atoned all their misdeeds, esp.
whenever repeatedly confessed of, or punished
in Hill for unbelief in the Trinity.
What therein more in the New Testament?
Testimony of Christian Believers:
At the end, a testimony of cardinal believers
and preachers of the New Testament should be
mentioned. It is The House of The Holy Book in
the Middle East, Beirut, Lebanon. They say that
New Testament was written through the Holy

Page 41 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

Ghost in less than one hundred years, and in

Greek language which was of a literary and
commercial type at that time of Jesus (PBUH) in
Palestine.
But the eldest version goes back to the
second century after Jesus (PBUH). But what
different investigations say about the reality and
authenticity of the gospels and the messages is
something else which must be left for such true
efforts, and which all other religions and beliefs
are exposed to.

Section VI: Islam

Islam Started ..:

As for Islam, it started with the beginning of
revealing Quran as the Heavenly Message on
the Prophet Mohammad (P.B.U.H.& R.), who
lived between 570 & 632 A.D. in Mecca
(Nowadays of Saudi Arabia), when he was forty
years old. He spent nearly thirteen years there in
Mecca and the surroundings calling the
idolatrous Arabs in particular, as being the
necessary basis and core of the Islamic Nation
all over the world, and the other non-Arabs. He
was used to focus his efforts of propagation
within the Stage of Mecca for his belief and
religion at the season of pilgrimage.
How did people deal with the New
Religion?
Fierce Enmity..

Page 42 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

Effect..
He faced fierce enmity against his Call for
the Oneness of Allah (The God), for which he
was forced to permit his followers the Moslems to
immigrate to Habasha (Ethiopia) twice escaping
death they were threatened with day and night.
Harsh Boycott..
How?
Also, he was compelled by Mecca to spend
three years with his Relatives Banu Hashem and
Banu Abdel-Muttaleb in their valley in a very
harsh boycott and without permitting any
supplies or provisions of food or water. They were
going to decease except of patience and some
supplies were sent in a hidden way.
What did Mecca do..
They wanted to stop the New Call..
They thought in reconciliation with the
Prophet (PBUHR). They hoped to find listening
ears from him to respond with their conditions
after he had seen the harshness and suppression
they dealt with him and his Friends.
Conditions of Reconciliation:
What were they?
The chiefs of Mecca tried in all ways to
break the protection ring his Uncle Abu Taleb
was effecting around him. Due to their claim his
Uncle offered the conditions of reconciliation on
him: to be their king, if he was aiming headship,
to be the richest one of them, if he was running
after wealth and money, to bring him the best

Page 43 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

physicians to cure and heal him, if he was

suffering of any sort of illness or disease.
What was the answer?
His Answer…:
He answered unhesitatingly: “I swear by
Allah, if they place the sun in my right hand and
the moon in my left hand I would not quit this
matter (of Islam) even if I would be killed”. So
they desperately went back to torturing and
suppressing against the Prophet (PBUHR) and his
followers.
But did he (PBUHR) yield?
No, but he started looking for strong men or
tribes to protect him and his call and support
them. So he went to Tae’f to be opposed also
badly. Then he commenced presenting himself
on the tribes and their bosses asking them
“Believe in me and support me”.
Did they know his meaning?
Yes, exactly, exp. when A’amer the boss of
Beni Sa’asa’a said (Do you authorize the matter
(headship) to us after you?
He (PBUHR) answered, “No, the Matter is
God’s and He is the One Who authorizes any
other one”.
The result: When the ordeal ended?
After Aqaba Baya'a & Migration to
Madinah:
But Yathreb (Madinah City), in Hijaz and not
far from Mecca, secured him victory after nearly
thirteen years when great seventy three men

Page 44 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

and two ladies came to Mecca and held

secretly an agreement called Aqaba Baya’a or
Allegiance of Aqaba the second with him to
migrate from Mecca to Madinah to live among
them and under their protection and support.
Why Migration to Madinah though to
assassinate Mecca Bosses was possible..
Then it yielded..
They thought of this matter and asked the
Prophet (PBUHR) to permit then to kill Mecca
bosses.
What was his answer?
“No, we haven’t been ordered to do so!”
Assuring that the demand of Mecca stage was
patience for offense and obedience of God
without any material action. It is nowadays
called Intellectual challenge against the anti-
Islamic ones and political struggle against those
who have societal and individual matters care
in their hands.
Then what did the Prophet (PBUHR) do?
Foundation of the First Islamic State:
That Baya’a, really, was the crucial turning
point in the history of Islam. It shifted the Islam
Message and Call from a mere theoretical
Message to practical application in the First
Islamic State under the Prophet’s direct control
as the Ruler side by side as a prophet.
The Prophet Continued ten years more..
To do what?
The Prophet's Death:

Page 45 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

When?
Ten years he passed away after he did his
best within the Help of Allah in putting an end
for all his interior and exterior enemies in decisive
battles for which he was almost obliged to enter.
He was revealed with the Quranic laws
necessary for the Islamic State side by side with
what is necessary to deliver this Message to
other peoples and nations all over the world
through Jihad by which the material blocks were
eradicated and not to force anyone to
embrace Islam.
The battles started with Mecca in Badr,
Uhud and Trench battles. Then after Mecca and
Ta’ef He (PBUHR) had sent his letters to the kings
and princess of The Persian and Roman
neighboring countries to wage Mu’tah battle
against the Romans, and prepared another
army to Tabuk, but his fixed hour had come
before he sent it to the field of the battle.
The Prophet died..
After?
He died after he had paved the way for
the continuity of the Islamic State, called
Caliphate after him, and for the delivering of
Islam Call to all peoples and nations all over the
world, and to protect the Call when delivered.
He settled the matter derisively with all the
enemies and the application of Islam Shariah,
since he was, due to the two only sources of his
Message, viz. Quran and Sunnah, the Last

Page 46 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

Prophet and Messenger of Allah and the Mercy

for all the world.
Before his Death the Prophet assured..
What?
The four Rules of the Islamic State were
determined as follows:
1. Sovereignty is of Shariah and not of
people.
2. Judging or Authority is of the
nation who deputes the caliph to apply
Shariah in life.
3. It is obligatory to erect Caliph
during three days after the last one.
4. The Caliph alone has the right to
Adopt the Shariah laws with consultation
and counsel.
The Prophet Limited..
What?
The eight Corners of the Islamic State were
limited as follows:
1. The Caliph himself.
2. The Delegation Assistant.
3. The Execution Assistant.
4. The Valis.
5. The Judges.
6. The Prince of Jihad.
7. The Assembly of Ummah.
8. The Directors of Departments.
After the Death of the Prophet..
What happened?
The contract of Caliph was concluded to

Page 47 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

govern Moslems by Quran and Sunnah. Directly

after his death and before burial the great
Friends met together in the House of Beni
Sa’edah to limit the Caliph. The candidate was
Abu Baker who was chosen as the first Caliph of
the Prophet (PBUHR) in the House and then
pledged allegiance in the mosque to govern
Moslems after the prophet (PBUHR).

The Rashideen Caliphs came successively

after..
Omer Ibn Al-Khattab, then Othman Ibn
Affan,
then Ali Ibn Abi Taleb (G. S. T.).
Each of them was pledged allegiance by
the Contracting then Obedience Baya’a after
the suitable candidacy and election.
Then the Umayyad, Abbasid and Ottoman
eras came and passed.
But the process of the three stages of
candidacy, election and baya’a was confused.
It became as if succession to the throne in
kingdom though the baya’a continued to force
the Caliph to apply the Shariah of Quran and
Sunnah.
Therefore, we can say decisively that the
Islamic State continued but with mal-application
of how to erect the Caliph and not nil-
application of Shariah laws in this process.
That case determines and demands..
What?

Page 48 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

It confirms to take full care to avoid that

bad application whenever re-establishment of
the Caliphate System is realized on earth.. We
have full confidence in God’s Victory in any
time of today period because all factors of that
hope are available despite this fierce war
waged by enemies against Islam to prevent it
from coming back to life once again.
Sorts of Accusations..
Against whom?
and why?
There were so many accusations against
Him (PBUHR)in regard of His health and message
authenticity. But there were opposite answers
manifesting their untruthfulness though all of
them are either of prejudiced one, whose words
were and are easily vaporized, or of those
seeking knowledge, whose words were and are
ended in love and faith in the Prophet and his
Message .
The Strongest Defense..
What is it?
Despite all the positive and negative stands
from this Heavenly Message, on pleas of
terrorism, because of certain events here or
there, Islam is still in need of the State or Regime
or Government which would apply its Shariah in
its real conditions, and by which all peoples and
nations can see the reality more than any
writings or lectures defending it.
What is Moslems stand now

Page 49 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

before this was against

the so-called terrorism?
It is necessary to get the benefit of those
worldly effects against Islam in working in two
ways:
One- to go on with the Islamic call in
accordance with Mecca Stage, avoiding all
actions of violence:
Two - to hold many various debates and
discussions with the others.
Now, let us try to hold a comparison
between only two of these six aforementioned
worldly religions.

Page 50 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

Part Three: Comparison between Hinduism and

Buddhism

The comparison is going to be between

Hinduism and Buddhism, since India is the
motherland of them both and they are greatly
intermingled or interchanging influences and
their followers are almost innumerable.
Prelude for Comparison:
As a prelude, we have to say that it is very
difficult to discuss the Indian religions, because
of their great number and intermixture not only
in views and beliefs but also in founders. A deep
insight shows that they have neither limited
doctrines nor philosophic systems. They are more
or less void of the Godly Dogma. Brahmanism,
Hinduism and Buddhism are the main prevailing
three religions though there are many others.
Brahmanism as the Background..
For which of them?
Brahmanism is the background of most of
the Indian religions, in general, and of Hinduism
and Buddhism, in particular. Let us have a quick
general survey about it.
What is Brahmanism..
Its Belief ..
It says that there are two great Beings in the
world, one is Brahman, who is the origin and
source of the whole world, and Itman, who is the
ego-centric basis or consciousness of the one’s
character and its relationship with the exterior

Page 51 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

world. It is the so-called Spirit. Both of Brahman

and Spirit have to be unified to compose the
Universal Union, for which death forms the first
step whenever Spirit goes out of the body so as
to incarnate gradually in other bodies and in
other shapes or forms which at last ends in
consuming in the world and Immortality.
Spirit Transmigration..
What is it?
It is the state of Transmigration of the Spirit
into another animal or non-animal form, either
highly promoted or lowly degenerated, of
course throughout one’s merits and demerits.
How does it run?
Karma, as they call, is the Omnipotent God
of this gradual transmigration for whom
oblations should be sacrificed in a certain ritual
celebrations which the Priests have to perform
on behalf of the devotees.
Buddha and the Priests..
Buddha saw..
Buddha saw all those domineering Priests
and rejected them all-in-all to set a new religion
in which he attempted to put a conclusion for
the Priests’ practices and oblations or libations.
What did Buddha found? and
What was the effect of that foundation?
Buddha founded Buddhism in the sixth or
fifth century before Christ. The priests who were
devaluated in Buddhism attacked him so
fiercely that he was obliged to seek another

Page 52 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

shelter in China. The Brahmanists, influenced by

Buddhism, adapted their religion to be
accepted simply by the common people. In this
way Hinduism took place in being.
What is Brahman ?
Brahman in Hinduism is an impersonal Being
which appears in three Gods: Brahma, Vishnu
and Sheifa. Brahma is looked upon as the
identified God character with a red color and
four heads. The myth says that he broke out from
the egg in which he was swimming. Then he
created Heaven and earth, each in half of the
egg. Then he connected the two halves by one
part of him to create the masculine and
feminine sexes from the two parts. The animal
and human beings and the universe were
created also from those two parts. Then after all
this creation was over, he withdrew far from his
creatures to cause weakness in popular
worshipping for him.
What is Vishnu?
But Vishnu, who was hovering around in the
sky by his magic wings, is as attractive popular
God, who saves Spirits by transmigration when
they come down to earth. His incarnations are
so numerous that the eighth of them was
Krishna, the charming God whose life is as
poetic as a hymn or a song.
What is Sheifa ?
The third God Sheifa is the god of mortality
and fertility and in whose hand dwell the natural

Page 53 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

death and productivity, and who is strange in

temper, cruel and lusty, pleased with picnics
once and luxury once more.
The Unimportant Gods..
Are there any other Gods?
There are other unimportant Gods, who
numerate more than three million ones and
consist from everything and every animal or
tree. They are worshipped by the low castes of
the people who believe in the inaccessibility to
the Great Gods, who are always busy in their
tasks and who are worshipped only in the
shrines. So, such a people see that the little Gods
only can help them in their daily life.
Cow Is Sacred..
Why?
As for the other sacred Beings, the Hinduists
see that the Cow has its own private prestige in
devotion and holiness, and therefore it must not
be harmed or hurt whatever and however the
disadvantage it causes. They see its sanctity as a
result of its great advantage both of milk and
manure. They also sanctify the Ox, because
Sheifa rides on its back.
Ghandi Revolt..
The Indian Castes..
Ghandi effected..
On other hand, and in consequence of
Ghandi’s revolt against the system of social
castes and its effects on the people thinking
and devotion, the Hinduistic republic

Page 54 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

demolished that system throughout the force of

law and legitimacy.
Continuity of Rites Performance:
But performance of rites and offering of
oblations for the benefit of daily life are still
continuous from the very beginning of the child
birthday, or even pregnancy, until death and
after death, assuming to fulfill his safety and
security in the society he lives with and which he
ought to remember always as the origin upon
which their life is built.
Uga Method..
What is it?
Its object?
Lastly, if their numerous Gods and prevailing
society distinguish their religion the other belief
of transmigration depicts it with the powerful
characteristic which has the greatest religious
influence upon their thoughts and beliefs.
They think that man is not a distinctive being
in regard of other animals but all animals have
the same spirit of the man except its
evolutionary stages through Karma, whom
Hinduists endeavor to get benefit of by using
Uga Method of meditation and sports so as to
meet the Whole Spirit.
This is in respect of Hinduism and its
thoughts, beliefs and method for sparing security
and safety for man. What did Buddhism have in
opposite of all that?
Buddhism & Salvation:

Page 55 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

As for Buddhism, it starts really as a way for

the salvation of the human soul from all its
miseries and mischief throughout continuous
transmigration and mortification. Herein it meets
somehow Hinduism.
Buddhism founder..
Who?
Gautama is the founder of Buddhism and
the effective factor in Hinduism development.
He was brought up in about B.C. 563 and died in
about B.C. 483, which means that Buddhism was
established at the end of the sixth century and
the starting of the fifth one before Christ. This was
the period within which Hinduism was promoted.
The Prince Gautama..
Who is he?
Buddhism myth narrates that the Prince
Gautama was brought up in a very rich family,
and of a father who was the king of Nepal
provinces or at least the chief of a high class
tribe. This means he was a very good spectator
of the low classes when roving among them with
his very keen eyes and sensitive intuition.
Did he make a family?
He Married a Princess..
He married a princess when he was twenty
nine years of old and got a son, a matter which
stimulated him with his marital and parental
feelings to sympathize with the others and their
children.
On his walks outside his palace, he saw the

Page 56 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

various conditions of people’s unhappiness. So,

he was used to ponder so deeply and
affectionately upon all those unhappy people.
This state of Buddha sensitivity influenced the
promotion of Hinduism. But what happened as a
result of all those affections and sensitivity?
He Departed …:
Why? and where?
He, in result of those miserable cases, gave
up living in his palace, esp. after he saw three
men: a sick man, a poor man and a deceased
man in one day.
Of course he left his wife without even
bidding her farewell although she was going to
deliver his son.
He Denounced ..:
Gautama started studying Brahmanism but
to find no solution of healing the sufferings of
troubles.
He saw that the Priests were directing
religion and all rites on behalf of their own
benefits, especially out of the oblations.
Consequently, he denounced these procedures
and went on looking for the Truth in some other
way or principle.
Looking for the Truth..
Where?
He came across two of the Brahman priests
whom he at once left them back to continue his
seeking for the Truth, which, up to his estimation,
should be far from such priests and their cruel

Page 57 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

measures against the unhappy ones.

He met other priests..
With / out Mortification..
Once more he met other five priests, living
ascetic life and looking for the Truth also but by
the mortification method, a case which
attracted his attention to live with them for six
years successively and in the same way. But
feeling of nothing new he left them also to go
back to his ordinary life of wandering but
without any mortification.
He was asking his food and sleeping place
wherever he resided.
To the time of..
The Truth Light Emerged..
On his wandering, he came to a big tree
under which he spent seven weeks
contemplating and meditating for the Truth
Light which at last emerged to him suddenly. He
became very pleased and spoke about what
he had seen to the first two traders who were
passing by him.
What happened..
They believed in his words. He came back
to his five comrades to believe directly in his
words also.
Buddha for Gautama..
Why?
Because of Light he saw Buddha was
nominated Buddha instead of Gautama, which
means the Illuminative Being. He visioned four

Page 58 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

truths from which his religion was formed:

His Four Truths..
Their relationship with Nirvana..
The four Truths were:
1.Life is all-in-all full of unhappy and
miserable conditions, for which man has
to live in perpetual pessimism.
2.The cause of this misfortunes is running
always after lust and pleasure and
without any satisfaction or satiety.
3.The eradication of lust and pleasure
roots up human pains and miseries and
results in Nirvana, which fulfils the pure
spiritual ecstasy.
4.The way to access to Nirvana needs
eight conditions or rules:
What are they?
4.1 Sound faith.
4.2 Strong determination.
4.3 Good words.
4.4 Virtual deeds.
4.5 Straight life.
4.6 Real effort.
4.7 True thoughts.
4.8 Right contemplation.
Any Similarity with Other Religions:
Most of these stipulations are not bounded
to Nirvana and Buddhism, but they can be
found in Hinduism or Confucianism, and all of
them are taken for granted in the Heavenly
Religions, esp. Islam and Christianity.

Page 59 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

Buddha View about God..

He is Indifferent About God..
Buddha did not think of these semi-
devotional measures as the Way for Worshipping
any God, but only to annihilate man’s sufferings,
and to secure his salvation from all his
unhappiness factors, and to help him to access
to Nirvana Ecstasy, to which one has to
dedicate all his activities. So Buddhism is
indifferent about God devotion from Hinduism.
People Complained His Wandering..
Why?
Buddha continued his type of life,
wandering from house to house, preaching his
teachings in a very decent and kind way within
the monastic system and its hermitages. People,
in consequence, complained such a way of life,
esp. for forsaking families and business works.
His Strictness Ended..
How?
But the strictness and hardships of this order
ended later when admittance to hermitage
came to be refused but to those who might pass
a very strict exam, and to practise equal
treatment for all priests together with
disregarding the system of castes.
His Confession..
What was it?
Also, the elder one of them was obliged to
read daily over his mates the confession of the
great four sins: murder, adultery, thievery and

Page 60 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

feeling proud of having super power, sins which

expel the monk out from the cell.
To Abandon Other Sins..
What are they?
Also, they have to abandon other many
sins, such as drinking wine, eating out of order,
dancing, singing, attending a pleasure show,
perfuming, using comfortable utensils, and at
last earning money.
Effects of These Principles:
Undoubtedly, these conditions harden the
way to be hermit, from one hand, and simplify
the family and popular way of life for the others,
from the other hand.
Other Three Principles:
But there are other more three principles
than those before mentioned. These are
available in Dûrme Buddhist Order:
I trust in Buddha.
I trust in Shariah.
I trust in community.
… and Their Meanings:
The first principle means to believe in
Buddha and to follow his way;
the second one means to confide in his
laws;
the third one means to put faith in the
hermits and their interpretation of Buddha
teachings.
Likeness and Dislikeness between
Hinduism & Buddhism:

Page 61 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

Herewith, it is seen how Buddhism

distinguishes between its system from Hinduism
and all other Indian religions, although they
almost agree in some ideas, such as incarnation
or transmigration and, and in some procedures
they practice as the way of devotion, such as
contemplation.
Buddha has Three Establishments:
What are they?
It is worthwhile to mention that Buddha
Shariah includes all his religious or sacred writings
with the following three establishments:
1. Finana, which is the Monastic System called
Singa, and which represents the monasticism
development from the era of the very first
monks.
2. Dhemana, which is the whole
commandments and laws of Buddha, esp.
the four truths and eight rules.
3. Shariah and commentaries of Buddhism
scholars who were divided into two sects:
Hayanana & Mahayana.
Hayanana means the Small Wheel whose
members are very coherent together with the
original old scriptures of Buddha through which
one has to access by his own effort to Nirvana,
and on condition that he has not to sanctify
anyone or to believe in any god. This sect was
widely spread over Ceylon and Indo-China
countries.
Mahayana means the Great Wheel, whose

Page 62 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter One

scholars have the power to amend the old

Buddhism so as to become easily understood by
the believers who have to dedicate themselves
to the communal and social affairs, and to exert
their best to access to Nirvana, and to sanctify
the old Buddhists and those who can exemplify
their type. This sect was broadly existed in China,
esp. in the fourth and fifth centuries after Christ.
Chinese Effects on Buddhism..
What are they?
It is remarkable how much the Chinese
effected development upon Buddhism, esp.
when they came to believe in the Last Day as
the Dooms Day in which there is happiness for
the righteous people, and torture for the sinner
ones, not merely for torture but on purpose to
secure them salvation from sins.
It is notable, at the end, that these two sects
believe in the four Truths and eight rules
aforementioned, and that they distinguish
Buddhism from Hinduism, whereas the Buddhist
view of rejection sanctifying any God or figure
but their elders show the great difference from
Hinduism and all other earthly and heavenly
religions

Page 63 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Blank

Page 64 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

CHAPTER TWO

GOD IN RELIGIONS

Page 65 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

Section I: God in Confucianism

It is a Method of Life Without God.

But how?
It is, as a general idea, not more than a way
of life without referring to any God words..
It is more or less a method of regulating the
State and Family affairs in a moral way. It has no
gods or temples or shrines with priests and other
clergymen as other religions.
Its Sacred Writing:
What are they?
The Analects or Selected Sayings are their
sacred writings, which are ascribed to the
founder Confucius. They are the only real
sources of this religion.
Confucius Poor Life…:
How was it?
Confucius, who probably lived between
(501? and 479? B.C.), as a son of a poor father,
was brought up in poverty in LU, China. He ran a
moral life. But because of common corruption,
he could not apply his thoughts in a steadfast
State. He died after the death of Buddha (483?
B.C.).He died after he interpreted the old
religious books in a way suitable for his own
views.
But He Accepted the Common Chinese
Religion..:
How?
Confucianism, as a way of societal and

Page 66 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

familiar affairs, attempted to construct the

relationships down among people. It did not
look up in the sky the same as other religions. Its
own system was involved with great respect and
sacredness. It has so many books stressing on the
governors and State.
They care much about the way how to
handle the private and public affairs. Confucius,
therefore, accepted the common religion
known to the Chinese. That religion was
accustomed to worship Heaven and practise
offering oblations to. He looked upon Heaven as
a universal potency in which human power is
injected for the welfare of all people.
He and the Son of Heaven (God)..
How was his view emerged prominently?
It was so clear when he considered the
Emperor as the son of God though all clergymen
of the earthly religions in China and Indian
continent were looking upon Confucius as a
monotheist who believed in one God.
Confucius, therefore, may be considered as
a monotheist.
He was tolerance in adherence to
sanctifying the natural phenomena and
forefathers and spirits (jinni). He denounced
hallowing any person except the Emperor,
whom he saw as the Son of Heaven. He thought
and even believed that the Emperor was
authorized by the One God as His
representative on the ground.

Page 67 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

Such a consideration is not available in any

other religion but Christianity along the medieval
ages.

Section II: God in Hinduism

Spiritual Indian..
Why?
From the very beginning let us ask about the
cause of the prevailing Indian Spirituality, and
why it is so greatly remarkable?
It is because of facing all aspects of natural
activities, and of feeling weak before them, the
Indian man became highly spiritual and greatly
ascetic. He, consequently, ran after heavenly
powers for which he was/is hoping to get help.
So Gods became numerous..
And Man of Many Gods..
Why?
It was/is clear that no Hinduist might/may
be found living there without worshipping many
gods at the same time. He fancies the world as if
so crowded with gods that worthwhile
worshipping due to natural phenomena and life
conditions. Simply, for example, he prays for the
tiger that eats his cattle. He prays for the railway
constructed by the European man. Even he
prays for the European himself.(1)
Abnormal Worship:
Why?

(1) Habib Said, The Great Worldly Religions, and G. Lubaun, The Civilization of India, p. 368.

Page 68 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

The ancient Indians worshipped the animals,

esp. the Cow. They pray/ed for the penis due to
believing that it is/was the cause of creation.(1)
Worship of Animals:
Why was it common in India?
Totemism, which is built upon believing in a
secret relationship between a group or one man
and a totem (a primitive sacred thing), was/is
the cause of their worshipping to animals. Also,
believing in incarnation, viz. God embodiment in
this animal or that, made/makes them perform
such a worshipping.
The Sacred Cow:
Sanctifying the Cow has another story..
What is it?
The Rig Veda, their sacred writing, speaks in
detail about the sacredness they practice for
the cow. They, due to Sama Veda, speak about
the pray for it.(2)
This was the general case in the past..
But where was M. Chandi later?
M. Ghandi Preferred the Cow to His Real
Mother:
Why?
Mahatma Ghandi esteemed the cow so
highly that he called it (My Mother the Cow), in
the aforementioned journal. He said that his
mother the Cow is preferable to his actual
mother because of its milk for many years

(1) Weach, The People and Religions of India, p.310.

(2) Bhavana Journal, Bombay, 1963.

Page 69 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

without any cost but food and because of no

costs for sickness and death, whereas the real
mother does not give the same lot of milk and
for high costs for sickness and death.
So Hinduism Has Many Gods:
But how?
Hinduism, therefore, has many gods. They
represent all natural phenomena. Indra, for
example, is the god of thunder, Agni of fire, Sun
is worshipped as the fire of gods, Surya is one of
them.
Do Indians confine worship in sacred things?
They Intermingle Sacred & Non-sacred
Things..
How?
Hinduism, due to Lewis Renon, has no
borderline between the sacred thing and the
secular non-sacred things at all. Both things are
intermingled together without any separation
between them.
It Is Almost Pluralistic Religion..
and monotheistic at the same time..
How?
This religion, as many other earthly ones, has
two directions in respect of god: the
monotheistic and the pluralistic. It prevails the
second one because it responds with the
advantages tendency.
The Trinity of Brahmanism:
Where is it?
It is in the belief and very religion of

Page 70 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

Brahmanism.
On the 9th. Century B.C., the Indian priests
approached to Unitarianism. They gathered
together the many gods in only one. They called
that process Brahmanism. It had three gods in
one: Brahma of creation, Vishnu of protection
and Sheifa of destruction. And Brahman is the
One of those three gods. This Trinity opened the
gate widely before those religions of the same
aspect, such as Christianity.
Where is Trinity in Hinduism?
It is seen well when it kept on the Trinity of
Varuna in the sky, Indra in the air and Agni on
the ground.
The Certain & Public Ceremonies:
What are they?
The followers are/were accustomed to offer
those three gods oblations and libations for
each of them and in certain ceremonies. They
rub the statute with the best oil or ointment or
perfume they have, and dress it with the best
clothes and jewels they own… They have to
perform this either at home in private or in
certain public places. They behave in this way or
that due to what may fulfill pleasure and
satisfaction to the certain god.
The Four Castes..
Where are they?
What Effects have they on Hinduism?
The four societal castes had their effects on
Hinduism and its gods. The high classes were

Page 71 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

used to worship those great gods in certain

shrines. Such a worship cost much. The low
classes, such as the cast one, were used to
worship the low-level gods both at home and
any place. In this way they cost little in offerings.
The Law Karma in Hinduism:
What sort of law is it?
Hinduism believes in Karma, the law of
punishment and reward. Every evil deed or
virtuous one is controlled within that law. It
believes in Transmigration of Souls, which means
the soul’s tendency to go back to the secular
world for certain purposes the holder of which
has not done before death. If those purposes
are good the soul transmigrates in a body of a
good man as a reward, but if they are bad or
evil the soul transmigrates in a body of a bad or
evil one as a punishment. Herein Hinduism meets
with the heavenly religions in the idea of soul
immortality. But Hinduism is different from all
those religions when believing in saying that Soul
or Spirit is separated completely in its activities
and punishment or reward, whereas those
religions have no such a separation.(1)
Mixing Spirit With Virtues:
But don’t they believe in any meeting
between Spirit and Virtues?
Yes, they believe, also, in Starting or Mixing
the Spirit with virtues done in life. They see this
process of mixing as the way to end

(1) Prof. Atria, India Culture and Spiritual Aspects.

Page 72 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

Transmigration.(1) It is worthwhile to say that this

idea of mixing spirit with Virtues has inspired the
thinkers of the Heavenly Religions, esp. Islam,
with the view of mixing material with spirit. But
this idea in Islam is different completely in
meaning and purpose from Hinduism since it
sees it in controlling all human deeds or actions
by God’s Orders and Prohibitions so as to satisfy
God and enter His Paradise.
What does Hinduism see in Existence Unity?
It Believes in it..
But how?
Hinduism believes in Existence Unity. It says
that this life is created from the Great Spirit
Atma. This Spirit is immortal Being. It is a bit of the
Greatest Creator God. It seeks always to go
back to unify with its origin. And since Brahman,
the Greatest god, is composed from the three
gods: Brahma, Vishnu and Sheifa, they believe in
the union of existence.
Undoubtedly, all thinkers who believe in this
idea are effected by that Hinduistic believe of
Existence unity.

Section III: God in Buddhism

Soul Salvation:
Buddhism Believes in Soul Salvation:
But how?
Buddhism is the same as Confucianism. It is

(1) Prof. Atria, and also Habib Said, the World Great Religions, p. 33.

Page 73 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

not a religion as the others which believe in god.

It is a way of trying to secure human soul its
salvation from unhappiness and pain. Therefore
it has the idea of salvation, but how to achieve
it is different from all Heavenly religions, esp.
Christianity in which such an idea is prevailing.
It Believes in Transmigration & Mortification:
For what purpose?
Also, Buddhism believes in Transmigration
and Mortification the same as Hinduism. But
such an idea and its way have nothing to do
with the Heavenly religions.
The Prince Against Richness & Pleasures:
Prince Gautama, the founder (563? – 483?
B.C.), was a son of the king or chief of one of the
provinces by the borderline of Nepal. So, it was
not expected from him to lead such a
movement against richness and pleasures, and
at the same time to disregard religions and
gods. But the exciting point in his views and way
of salvation is that meeting between him and
the poor Confucius.
The Four Truths:
The Prince & His Four Truths:
Let us go on to see Prince Gautama, who
became Buddha, the holder of Lighting or
Illuminating Truth. He meant the Truth of the
Salvation Way through Mortification. We will see
the Prince sitting or residing for seven weeks
under the big tree waiting the revelation or
inspiration of that Light. He is now assuming that

Page 74 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

he was inspired with the aforementioned four

principles consisting the body of the Truth, or
about which, or upon which, that Light or Way
should be built:
1. Everybody suffers pain all along his life.
2. Running after lust and pleasure is the
cause of miseries.
3. Eradicating that running realizes
happiness and Nirvana ecstasy.
4. Fulfilling Nirvana in full comes by
adherence to these eight matters or rules:
4.1 Sound faith.
4.2 Straight determination.
4.3 Good words.
4.4 Virtuous deeds.
4.5 True life.
4.6 Strong effort.
4.7 Sound thought.
4.8 Right meditation.
What is the Sound Meditation Process?
Buddhism sees through this thinking and
meditation process a form of worshipping
though Buddha himself did not esteem it this
way.
Buddhism Worship:
What is the worship of this religion?
What God is/ was worshipped?
What form or way or system do they follow?
Buddha saw in meditation the way of
worship and even the worship itself.
It sees in Buddha himself as a type of God

Page 75 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

incarnated in statues and receives chants..

Hermitage System:
Hermitage System Reflects this Religion in
Life.
How did Buddha run his life?
He was used to shelter in winter season in
this house or that, even a palace of a king or
prince. But after winter he came back to
wandering among people propagating his sect.
Cells or hermitages are spread all over India. The
system in which those cells are run determines
the existence of so-called religion in Buddhism.
Buddhism Two Sects:
There are two sects in this religion:
One, Hayanana, which Copies Buddha
Character, two, Mahayana, which adapts the
old teachings.
Views of both sects about God:
Hayanana, whose followers are adhered to
the old original principles of Buddha. They
endeavor to copy his character by exerting
hard efforts. Nirvana, as they think, may be
achieved without any sanctifying any other or
believing in any god.
Mahayana, whose followers are careful to
amend or adapt the old teachings of Buddhism
so as to be acceptable by the common people.
They think that they have to discover by
themselves what Buddha discovered. The next
step, as they think, should be to teach the
discovered or achieved Truths to others. They

Page 76 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

aim no personal profit at all. They only wish

others to be similar to themselves in efforts and
souls. They, instead of sanctifying certain gods,
see that their elders of Buddhism, and those who
can fulfill the same level of Nirvana, are those
who deserve to be sanctified. This sort of
sanctification is the same as that of gods, esp.
they care to worship or express that process of
sanctification in shrines or temples.

General Comparison among These Three

Religions

When comparing among these three

earthly or terrestrial religions, we see that only
Hinduism is full of gods, whereas Confucianism
and Buddhism are alike in taking no care for
worshipping or even having gods in their
teachings since they endeavor to spare
happiness for man through his family and
society in Confucianism, and through his own
sect Hayanana or Mahayana in Buddhism, and
adherence to the teachings with or without
amendment.

Section IV: God in Judaism

Judaism Beginning..:
How?
Judaism is from the very beginning a
monotheistic religion. But Jews or Hebrews did

Page 77 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

not adhere sincerely to Unitarianism.

Their prophets, starting from Moses (PBUH)(1)
until Jesus (PBUH) propagated the Existence and
worship of the One God, but they were used not
only to get out from the belief and way or law,
but to get away of them and replace them with
others.
Deviation of Judaism:
to What?
They deviate to incarnation..
They did not leave any deviation away from
Unitarianism but they committed within their
historical course.
For example, they deviated to incarnation,
to pluralism when they accompanied God with
the Gods of the peoples they co-lived with
them, and to beneficialism along their historical
stages.
Incarnation has nothing to do with the
Heavenly religions but through inculcation from
those earthly ones.
Hebrews’ Other Worships..:
Hence, what did they worship?
Sometimes Hebrews worshipped Spirits and
stones; sometimes they worshipped the gods of
the neighboring people.
J. S. Well says ..
What?
J. S. Well says in his book (The Religion
Revolution of Today, p.30) that the Jews were at

(1) Peace Be Upon Him.

Page 78 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

first Wandering Bedouins, and were

overwhelmed by primitive thoughts, such as fear
of demons, and believed in Spirits. They
worshipped stones, sheep and even trees.
Reinach says ..:
What?
Reinach says in his book (History of Religion,
p.176) that they were accustomed from time to
time to have small idols, kept in their houses and
carried by them from place to place.
Charles F. Kent says..:
What?
Charles Foster Kent says in his book (A
History of Hebrew People, p.42) that Moses
attempted to construct one nation of those
groups of Hebrews who followed him. He asked
them doggedly to worship the One God
Jehovah, who was believed in by the Unitarian
Akhnatun, the Pharaoh of Egypt at that time.
… and Suspects ..:
What?
Herein, this historian provokes suspicion
even in the source of the Hebrew belief of the
Oneness of Jehovah. But due to confirmed
scriptures of the Heavenly religions, esp. Quran,
that belief was real, and it was revealed to
Moses and his successors of prophets from the
One God, despite what Weach repeated in his
book (Civilization of the Near East, p.84 & p.88).
W. Durient Determines ..:
What?

Page 79 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

W. Durient determines in his famous book

(The Story of Civilization, p.338) that the Jews did
not quit at all the worshipping of the calf and
ram and lamb, which were deeply planted or
dug into their souls from the very time of their
living in Egypt.
Exodus repeats..:
What?
Exodus, Old Testament, still repeats their
story with the calf, and how they were dancing
in bare case around it within their worship.
Snake Worship:
Later on they worshipped the Snake, the
wonderful miracle of Moses before the Pharaoh
of Egypt and the very great congregation for
the occasion (Kings II, 18:4).
Ba'al Worship:
C. F. Kent and his aforementioned book,
p.94, says that the God of Kana’nites Ba’l
became one the Hebrew gods side by side with
Jehovah, and that they continued in this way
until the time of Ishaia (Yusha’).
Exodus & Jewish Jehovah:
What does Exodus say about Jehovah?
As for the characteristics of the Jewish
Jehovah, He was the same as any body in
walking along with them in a cloudy pole, when
day, and in firy pole at night (Exodus 13:20-21).
.. and the Ignorant God:
How?!
When they speak about God, he is as

Page 80 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

ignorant as any illiterate people who needs to

be led or guided by them even in his own deeds
(Exodus 12:7 & 12:12).
.. and the Uninnocent God:
How?!
They also portray him in an Uninnocent
person who used to repent his misdeeds (Exodus
22:14). And even he orders them to steal
(Samuel I – 15:10). He is a cruel god, destructive
and fanatic to his people the Israelites (Exodus
12:12). He was even under the control of Moses
so as to abandon his anger against the Hebrews
(Exodus 32:10-4 & 13-18).
The stages of Worship to Jehovah:
What are they?
It is remarkable that there are three stages
in their worship to Jehovah:
Before erecting the Temple.
In the Temple.
After the destruction of the Temple.
They worshipped ..:
What?
They worshipped the gods of the
neighboring tribes, as aforementioned, in the
time of Kings (Judges 10:6).
W. Durient says ..:
What?
After a time when David (PBUH) considered
Jerusalem as his capital, Solomon established
the Temple in which they restricted worshipping
Jehovah for generations regardless some

Page 81 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

deviations they committed when worshipping

paganish gods, such as the Sacred Stones, the
Ba’al Statute, the Copper Snake, the Golden
Calf (W. Durient, The Story of Civilization, part 2,
p.346).
Ishaia says ..:
What?
After the Babylon Exile and the destruction
of the Temple, Ishaia called the Hebrew back to
Unitarianism and to reject all other gods than
Jehovah. This prophet was accused of betrayal
by Kurush, the Persian King. (Ishaia 44:88).
Y. Daya says ..:
What?
But the Hebrews did not respond to Ishaia
call, because of the roots dug deeply in their
souls for the beneficial God. This is the case of
the today Jews in (Israel), which they adhere to
and even they are running after (Y. Daya,
Paradise for the Fearful).
Genesis says ..:
What?
Most of them do not care for the presence
of God, esp. because the rabbis always remind
them of Jacob (Israel) and his wrestle with god
and men, and how he overcame them all
(Genesis 32:23-29).
Daniel Gordis Says..:
What?
Daniel Gordis in his book (God Was Not In
The Fire, p.46) refers to the Jewish tradition which

Page 82 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

suggests that to be human you have to wonder

and to ask, to dream and to cry. Jews, under the
successive pressure, have to endeavor societal
welfare and not God’s presence.
Their Skeptic Belief:
How?
God himself does not ask them to give up
doubts about his presence. They look upon
skepticism as a healthy, legitimate and even
celebrated condition in Jewish life. They always
see the world they witness as an unfair cruel
one. They consider the question about believing
in God not the central Jewish spiritual one.

Jews & Christians: The Relationship

They are in contrary with the Christians who

say: “Believe, and you will be saved”, since they
say: “Search, and you find meaning”. They seek
not God’s truth, but God’s feeling. The one of
them has to set aside the quest for proof and
search for relationship. They openly say that
mind cannot prove God’s Existence, or what
God is, or what God does.

Judaism and Islam

Is there any relationship between them?

Other religions, esp. Islam, prove God’s
Existence rationally and feelingly since they
depend not on the sensate or perceptive proof

Page 83 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

only, but also on the mental one. It is the

testimony of the creatures and being in need
both in existence and control to the Omnipotent
Omniscient Creator God.
And they prove that God the Creator is
different in His very Self from all his creatures.
And they also prove that since God is beyond
human mental faculty man can neither
perceive Him nor know what He does. And they
insist righteously that such a prove has not to
incite doubt in one’s soul, but certainty. And
they, ultimately, assert that God is knowable
and that His boundlessness far exceeds human
capacity to understand in himself.
Daniel Gordis says..:
What?
Rabbi M. Kaplan suggests (D. Gordis’ book
before referred to) that Jewish life revolves
around believing, behaving and belonging.
They emphasize that their faith is in part a result
of their behaviour. Their Mishna insists that “the
reward is commensurate with the effort”, (Avot
5:22). This rule differs from Christianity, which
cares mostly for belief, but it responds with Islam
exactly, esp. in the field of deeds and the
Prophet Hadeeth “Reward is equal to the
effort”..
Jews Concentrate on..:
What?
In a word, Jews do not make God a part of
everyday Jewish life. They concentrate on

Page 84 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

‘social justice’ and not on God’s one.

Section V: God in Christianity

Jesus Christ (PBUH) started his prophecy

when he was thirty years old, and continued for
only three years, three months and three days.
Gospels Determine:
What?
Gospels of Luke, John, Mathew and
Barnabus, besides the Acts and the British
Encyclopaedia determine that Jesus Christ was
the Messenger of God to the Israelites or Beni
Israel (Luke 7:16, John 6:14, Mathew 15:21,
Barnabus 52:13).
The Christian Belief About Jesus:
In spite of all these sacred writings, Christians
do not believe in Jesus as a man born ordinarily,
but as the son of the Immortal Father God. And,
as a consequence, he is immortal as his father.
How does the Christian belief see that?
Theologically, they attempt to interpret this
state. They say that when the Father became
angry with the human race, because of Adam’s
first wrong for which he was dismissed from
paradise, He decreed together with His mercy
to atone this wrong and then to be satisfied with
all this.
What did the Lord do?
He sent his only son Jesus to the earth. It was
when Jesus came into the Virgin Mary’s womb

Page 85 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

to beget him the same as any other baby.

What did his Mother do with him?
She brought him up to be seen as a human
one. When he was thirty years old God revealed
His Message the Bible to him and ordered him to
deliver it to his people Beni Israel.
Did his delivery run easily?
Or, there were obstacles in his way?
His people challenged him harshly and tried
to trick him with the Romans. They chased him
from place to place to stop delivering of his
Message. He went on regardless of their tricks
and asking people to adhere to worshiping and
obeying God and performing only spiritual
deeds.
At last, what was the end of their tricks?
They stimulated the governing Romans
unjustly against him so as to kill or crucify him.
They wanted to get rid of him pleading badly
that he was ambitious to be the king of the
country and to depose them.
What did the Roman do?
They responded to the Jewish tricks. They
were bribed. They, therefore, decided to crucify
Jesus Christ. His disciple Yahotha the Iscoriot was
guiding the Roman soldiers to seize him for thirty
golden pieces as a bribe paid by the Jews.
The nowadays gospels say that this case is
true.
But other writings with Barnabus gospel
reject this story. They insist that Jesus Christ was

Page 86 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

not captured. But Yahotha the Iscariot was

seized in his place after he was made very
similar to Christ, who was lifted up to the sky.
All gospels testify for that truth though they
restrict it to after so-called cruification.
But how Christianity of Trinity interprets that
murder of killing and...?
Alright, they believe that Christ did not commit
any wrong to be punished, but they see that it was
not a punishment. It was merely a Godly process
done by the (Father) to atone by (his only son)
Jesus Christ Adam and his human race, because
of his wrong when he disobeyed (The Father) order
and ate from the forbidden tree. Therefore, this
murder was not more than atonement for that
wrong, esp. after (The Father) formed (his only son)
in a shape of one of Adam offspring.
The New Testament Decides..:
What?
God, therefore, due to the Christian
thought, is the Father of the son Jesus through
the Holy Ghost.
But the gospels and Acts of the New
Testament decide three truths:
God is One and has no companion or
partner (Mathew 23:8, Mark 12:30-31, John
20:18).
Jesus is the Messenger of the One God and
not more than that case (Mathew 21:11, Luke
7:16, John 6:14, 7:40, 8:40).
Jesus is the Messenger of God to Beni Israel

Page 87 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

only and not to all peoples (Mathew 15:21-24,

10:5-6, Acts 11-1, 10-28,).
The Triple Shifting of Christianity:
How was it?
Has it any relationship with the original
Christianity?
Therefore, shifting Christianity from
Unitarianism to Trinity, and Jesus from a
Messenger of God to the Son of the Father, and
the Religion from private to Beni Israel to
Universal, this act of triple shifting is a new
process.
And it has nothing to do with the original
Christianity. Many Western scholars determine this
truth. Wells in his book (Outline of History) is one of
them.
Who Committed that Shifty?
Many scholars, e.g. Prof. Dr. Ahmed Shalabi,
in this field of Comparative Religion, assure that
this shifty or deviation took place because of
Saul or Paul or St. Paul, when he courageously
added one sentence to the assumed or
supposed order Jesus Christ (PBUH) revealed to
him on his way to Damascus from Jerusalem.
Jesus said to him, due to his words, “Hold up
torturing me Saul and call for Christianity”. But,
due to those scholars, Saul added this sentence
to the words of Jesus that he (Jesus) was the son
of God. (Luke, Acts 9:3-30).
Paul way..
Paul, hence, went on interpreting Jesus’

Page 88 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

words and commandments and teachings

within that addition.
Who Opposed or Supported that Shifty?
But his action confronted strong opposition
from most of the Asian Christians. Paul fails
bitterly to enforce his understanding on them.
But he found the solution on the hands of the
European Christians, specifically by the Roman
Emperor Constantine.
When and How Took place?
It was when that Emperor interfered in the
Conference of Niqia (D.A. 325) and enforced
Paul’s views of Trinity on the Christian Belief in
place of Unitarianism.
Christian View about God:
What?
Consequently, we can say that the current
Christianity is different in esteeming and
evaluating God from Islam. They see He is Father
of Jesus, the only son. They believe that this only
son forms the mediator between man and God.
They always repeat ‘No Heaven Without This
Mediator’.
But Judaism sees partnership and
companionship with various Gods, as before
mentioned.
Islam View about Mediation:
What?
But Islam rejects this matter of mediation
and assures that only one’s own faith, beliefs
and deeds are his way to Heaven and God’s

Page 89 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

Satisfaction, though there is the Prophet’s

Shafa’a (mediation) on the Dooms Day only.
Christianity Similar Hinduism About Trinity:
How?
Let us recall again that Christian doctrine of
Trinity meets the Hinduism Trinity in regard of
number. The Christian Father, Son and Holy
Ghost are the same in number as the Hinduism
Brahma, Vishnu and Sheifa. Also, both of them
say that the three unite in One, Christianity in the
Father, and Hinduism in the Great Brahman.
Nothing of such a doctrine of Trinity is in
existence in any other heavenly or earthly
religion.
Judaism & its Mitzvah:
What does it say?
As for the relationship with God, Christianity
has its own unique path to achieve spirituality.
They differ in spiritual fulfillment from that of
Judaism and Islam, as the other two heavenly
religions. Due to Mitzvah, the central feature of
Judaism, both Christianity and Judaism make
virtually opposite claims. But also both of them
strive to create a better life for the believers.
They completely meet with Islam in this strife.

Morals and the Three Religions

God stresses in Christianity on the ethical

side of Beni Israel, because the secular or
material side was the prevailing one and the

Page 90 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

spiritual or moral sphere was almost forgotten. It

is clear that there is no boundary between the
ritual and the ethical in Christianity, and more
than that condition in Islam. It is not clear in
Judaism the same as the other two. Jewish
tradition insists that one’s behavior also creates
his fertile spiritual opportunities. Christian
doctrine of Trinity has its effects on the moral
system in a very simple and neatly packaged
way, whereas it is not alike in Judaism. But Islam
determines the dependence of morality and
ethics as a separate system, once, and
intermingled with all other spheres of life, once
again.

Comparisons

Mental Faith
Christianity, in regard of the connection of
mind and faith, tries to manage a balance
between the intellectual sophistication and the
deep respect for tradition and faith or belief. It
does not look like Islam in this respect, whereas
Judaism has not succeeded in the same degree
or level.

God's Esteem
Christianity takes God, the Father, very
serious but less than Islam since He is one of the
Trinity and more than Judaism which cares for
benefit.

Page 91 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

Doubt in Belief
Christianity relies upon undoubted belief in
the Trinity, Judaism does not worry for this doubt,
but Islam takes it as the very core of Faith and
Belief and all Deeds in the first step of discussing
these matters, but later on when believing in
God and His messenger & message there should
be no doubt at all.
As for deeds or actions of dealing with
others the over-weighed doubt is the
considered in judgment whenever there is no
determined or confirmed sacred text of Quran
or Sunnah or Friends’ Unanimity or Qiyas.

Section VI: God in Islam

Islam Belief:
What is it?
Islam Religion is built upon the Belief in two
sentences: “No God But Allah, Mohammad is
the Messenger of Allah”.
It is not only a Belief but the comprehensive
Faith of Islam.
Three Points about Belief:
What are they?
There are three points in this context which
must be discussed explicitly:
1. The Presence of God,
2. His numeration and
3. His Characteristics.

Page 92 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

God's Omnipresence

As for His Presence, Islam, different from

Judaism, sees that all the creatures, terrestrial
and celestial, testify in their reality and in a
mental undoubted way that His Presence is
determined.
But how?
His presence is determined because every
creature in its very existence, side by side with its
control, is very in need of the One Omnipresent
Omnipotent Creator (Quran, The Bakara Sura,
Verse 255).
Also, man’s mind together with his instincts
confirm His Presence and Potency. They
determine their own need for the Presence and
Control of that God (Quran, The Yunus Sura,
Verses 34 & 107), (The Rome Sura, Verses 23 &
24), (The Nahl Sura, Verse 53), and many other
verses.

God’s Multiplicity and Characteristics

Later on these two matters will be well

explained. But as a pre-discussion thought Islam
determines as aforementioned in Belief & Faith
that Allah the All-praised is One without any
partner and companion. It doctrine, therefore, is
built upon Unitarianism and not at all on Dualism
and Multiplicity..

Page 93 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

As for His Characteristics He is not similar of

any creature or being and none of them is
similar to Him. He is One in Himself and One in
these characteristics.

But what is the Relationship of the Creatures with

the Creator

He Subhanah (i.e. the All-Praised) in not only

the Creator of all creatures but also the
manager and controller of every one of them by
His/ its private order inserted and deposited in
whether of the living creatures or material or
liquid or gas one.
God Controls His Living Creatures:
But how?
It is in regard of the Texts which completely
depend on the perceptive rational evidence,
and in respect of the creatures palpable and
touchable actuality. But in respect of the
contents of Quran, they show the connection of
the creatures in their existence and control, with
the Presence of God the Creator and Manager.
They give the control order of the three
relationships which may exist between man and
himself, from one side, and between people
and The Creator, from the other side, and
between man and other people, from the third
side.
What does this managing of the three
human relationships mean?

Page 94 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

It means that man as the top of the livings, is

in need of the One God to create and order.
This state means that all other less level creatures
are also in need of such a case and more. This is
the call of man’s mind and instincts, which either
to order by the Omnipotent Omniscient Creator
of them, or to leave them to the estimations of
man’s faculties, which are changeable under all
exterior and interior factors.
We can confirm that
God Controls all Material Creatures:
Universe, as the whole non-living material
world, proclaims day and night that none can
create nor order it but the Omnipresent,
Omniscient, Omnipotent Creator. And this
Creator must be One, else there should be
difference in creation and order (Quran, The
Mu’minoon Sura, Verse 91).
Also, we can confirm that
God Controls Life:
But how?
Life, as the expression of growth and motion
of all the livings, recognizes the One Presence of
God. Else, it should be exposed in lasting and
running to destruction and unhappiness. The
livings would suffer because of less knowledge
and less control than the One Omniscient
Omnipotent Creator.

Page 95 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

Atomic System Recognizes the Oneness of God

How?
For example, the process of man’s thinking
leads undoubtedly to recognition of such a
Creator. When he thinks deeply and
illuminatively of the atom with its system as the
smallest material palpable thing, he would
believe in the Omnipresence of the One
Omnipotent God.
But why?
The system of motion in the atom either
creates itself or the charges of electron and
proton create it. But both of them, being in
need of the other, and both are in need of an
exterior factor, determine the Presence of the
One Creator of them both (Imam Mohammed
Abduh in his book (The Message of Unitarianism),
Mawlana Mohammed Ali in his book (The
Religion of Islam), and the English astronomer
Hertchel mentioned in Wajdi Encyclopaedia,
p.503, all of them assure those factors).
Other many sources
Determinate God's Presence & Oneness:
In this way, we can say that God’s Presence
and Oneness are determined in Islam. This
determination includes His Entity, His
Omnipresence, and His Sanctity.
His Entity means that He is the One, the
Whole, of no parts whether coherent or different.
There is no pluralism neither in Himself, nor His

Page 96 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

Presence, nor His Potency (Quran, The Anbia’

Sura, Verse 22, The Mu’minoon Sura, Verse 91,
The Kasas Sura, Verse 88) and many other
verses, all assure that matter of fact.
As for His omnipresence we have referred to
before, which means that all creatures are in
need both in their presence and control to His
Omni-presence and Omni-management.
Al-Ikhlas Sura Assures..:
What?
As for His Characteristics, it is well enough to
mention one full Sura from Quran called Al-Ikhlas
‘The Truthfulness’, No.112. It assures that Allah,
The All-praised, is only One in Presence and
Potency, and that He does not deliver children
nor He is born from anyone, and that He is
Peerless.
Other characteristics..

Allah's Grace and Mercy

As for the other characteristics, it is well-
known in Islam that every Sura of the Glorious
Quran begins with the Verse: Bismillah Ar-
Rahman Ar-Raheem, in Arabic, which means ‘In
The Name Of Allah, The Most Gracious, The Most
Merciful’. And this swear means that Allah is not
only gracious, but the most of that, which none
of the creatures may have, and He is not only
merciful, but also the most of that, which is
beyond relativity and that of human epithets.

Page 97 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

Allah's Forgiveness and Love

He is Omni-beneficent, Omni-forgiver, Omni-
loving…etc. for those who repent their wrong-
doings and come back to obeying His
obligations and prohibitions. At the same time,
He is very harsh against only the non-believers,
both in His Oneness and full control all over the
world and existence. And out of His mercy, He
always bewares and precautions those mis-
doers so as to abandon committing such wrongs
or to put an end for already or still committing.
And whenever they stop that, they have to run
forward claiming the mercy from the Most-
forgiver God.
Islam says that..
God Is Different from..:
What?
The All-praised Allah is different from the
(Father God) of the Christians and Jehovah of
the Jews. The Father in the Trinity is one of Three,
though they unite to make One. They repeat in
prayers what expresses truly this meaning: In the
name of the Father and the Son and the Holy
Ghost as one God.. Omen.
He is different from the Jews, who blame
their God for all mischief and sufferings, whereas
Christians expect forgiveness for all misdoings on
plea that Jesus has atoned them all through
(crucification).
The Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost are
one God..

Page 98 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

How can the distinctive three become

one?!
Regardless all their theological inter-
pretations it is impossible to cancel the Three
entities neither in fact nor in meaning of the
expression: the Father refers to Allah, the son to
Jesus Christ, the Holy Ghost to Jebreel or the
Virgin Mary.. How can such three distinctive
separate ones be gathered together to be
unified in one God?!

Islam Creates One Nation

Other two religions views about

constructing One Nation:
Islam alone creates the Moslem Nation out
of all human peoples. Jews assume that Judaism
created one nation whereas the reality
contradicts such an assumption even in ( Israel
State), where they oppose each other religiously
and ethnically, both as members and as groups.
The movement of Jehovah Witnesses is merely
an attempt of compensation to the impossible
composed one Jewish Nation.
As for Christianity they a scribe falsely to
God what contradicts the bible. They assume
that it is as a religion for all humanity and Jesus
himself is sent to all world peoples and not to
Beni Israel only. This case is presented in the
Torah also untruly.

Page 99 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

Prayer in the Three Religions

Are they the same in worshipping God?

or they are different prayers from one
another?
Jewish method of prayer for individuals or
groups, at home, or temple, is similar to Moslem
and Christian prayers. Moslems perform five
obligatory prayers a day and many other
voluntary ones in the mosques or at home.
Christians perform prayer in churches on
Sundays only as a collective one and other
prayers at home for certain occasions. Jews
perform also their collective prayers in Saturdays
only and other payers in other occasions.
Prayers Shape or Form:
Is it similar or different in the Three Religions?
They are fully different: Jews move roundly
during prayer once and standstill twice within
which recitation of their sacred books is performed.
Their heads are moved up and down also.
Christians are used to sit on benches to listen to the
Sunday preach and to repeat certain chants
following the tones of organ. Moslem have five
prayers per day: dawn, noon, afternoon,,sunset
and after sunset, besides Friday prayer. Each of
them has a certain number of kneels, and Fatehah
Sura should be recited in every kneel together with
some verses of the Glorious Quran. Moslems repeat
some invocations of God and supplications before
and after every prayer whether in the mosque or in

Page 100 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

other places.

Catechism in Islam, Judaism & Christianity

Is it similar or different?
The method of prayer as Catechism in
Judaism is well known in Islam and less than that
in Christianity. The links of discussion in all Moslem
mazhabs (sects) are so famous that none of the
history ages was void of them. It was noticeable
that those discussions and dialogues became
very hot in the prosperous intellectual intervals,
such as the Abbasid era of the Islamic
Caliphate.
Abbasid & Today Moslems:
And it was not only for understanding the
Shariah and linguistic sciences but also because
of defending the pure belief of Islam against the
thought of invaders of Persia and Greeks at that
time, but they could not overcome the highly
strong Moslems. But today Moslems become so
weak before the modern liberal democratic
capitalistic thoughts that they, esp. the states all
over the Islamic world, hostile themselves and
the fundamental Islamic movements under
forged pleas. They allied with the anti-Islamic
states, esp. USA to fight the so-called terrorism
which really means Islamic Wakeup. They are
afraid of the Islamic giant a new, fancying their
end though Islam aims their secure from injustice
and corruption they are suffering from Collective

Page 101 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

Prayers in the Three Religions:

To go back to prayer, we see the group or
collective form of prayers both on Fridays and
the other daily five prayers, all obligatory, is well
known in Jewish Keva as well as the Christian
Sundays prayers.

Views of the Three Religions about the One of

the other Two

Islam Alone Recognizes the Other Two

Religions:
In Torah we read that Jehovah spoke to
Moses (PBUH) to inform Beni Israel that He is the
Lord and the God of Abraham, Isaac and
Jacob. This speech is known in Quran, but
without omission of Ishmael. Jews ignore
completely any reference to Jesus (PBUH) in all
their sacred books. The Quran condemns that
ignorance and assures the recognition for Jesus
and Moses as well, and without any difference
from Mohammad (PBUHR)as Messengers of
Allah. Islam does not care for different
nomination of God since all the three Heavenly
Religions worship the same One God when it is
Allah in Islam and God in Christianity and
Jehovah in Judaism, although there are some
deviations away from the Oneness of God in
Judaism and Christianity.
Islam, therefore, alone is the religion of the
three ones which recognizes the other two

Page 102 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

Messengers. Moses and Jesus (PBUT) and hence

recognizes the Judaism and Christianity as
revealed by the all-praised Allah. But it
condemns the distortions and deviations they
practiced in their two religions. Judaism does
not recognize Islam and Christianity and their
two Messengers (PBUT). Christianity also does not
recognize Islam as a revealed religion and
Mohammad (PBUHR) as Allah Messenger. They
only recognize Moses (PBUH) and his religion but
with some mending and changing of their
sacred book which involves the Old Testament
(Torah) and New Testament (Bible). The Old
Testament of Christians is some what different
from that of the Jews since they distorted their
Torah and added Talmud to it. This Talmud is full
of false doctrines and judgments. This
differentiation between the Christian and Jewish
Old Testament is clear though Christians
recognize that their religion is the completion
and re-adjustment of the Jewish religion. They,
by the way, assume that Jesus himself said (I was
not sent to contradict Torah but to complete it).

The Next Life in the Three Religions

Their Views: are they the same or different?

Islam looks upon This Life as a bridge to the
Next Life. Moslem has to do his best in purifying
his true faith and his obedience to his Lord
aiming to be rewarded justly and favorably in

Page 103 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

the Next Life by residing in Paradise. The next life

in Islam view, therefore, is the immortal life in
Paradise for the true believers and good-doers,
whereas it is so in Hell for the non-Moslems who
disbelieve in Islam and practice corruption and
unjust Islam, hence, see that the Next Life is the
House of Reward or Punishment whereas This Life
is the House of God Commandment and
suffering. Christianity is the same in this regard as
Islam. Though it is different in seeing that (The
Father) has atoned all believers from their
misdoings if recognize them before their certain
priest. They say that atonement was the result of
sacrificing (the Father) his (only son) for this
purpose. Whereas Judaism neglects the Next
Life to a very far extent as if there is no Dooms
Day, and there is nothing but This Life with all its
pleasures and benefits.
The Three Relationships in the Three Religions

1. with the creator,

2. with oneself and
3. with others
Islam gathers the three relationships: with
oneself by morals.., with God by doctrines.. and
with people by dealings.., together and at the
same level of importance.
It (Islam) does not prefer arranging the
relationship between the Creator and His
creatures by doctrines and worships to
arranging the relationship among creatures. If

Page 104 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

such a preference takes place Islam should be

spiritual religion and has nothing to do with
achieving happiness for the creatures by
legislation which orders and arranges their
relationship among them. Also, Islam does not
prefer those two relationships to the relationship
of man with himself by morals, food, and
clothes. If such a preference takes place Islam
target would be only for gaining life benefits or
spiritual things.

When does Islam care for the Four Values in

arranging the three Relationships

It cares for achieving these four values

when dealing:
1. it is the Spiritual Value when dealing
with the Creator by doctrines and
worships,
2. it is the Material Value when dealing
with other Creatures aiming to attain
material profits by financial and
commercial dealings,
3. it is Humanitarian Value when dealing
only with man aiming to help the needy
or relieve the depressed or release from
suffering the troubled.
4. it is the Moral Value when dealing with
oneself aiming to be ethically depicted
with the good epithets and virtues within
good dealings and treatments..

Page 105 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

Where are These Three Relationships and Four

Values in the other Two Heavenly Religions

There is a very clear separation in Judaism

between man and God, who, as they believe, has
to play his role widely for the profitable aspect of
This Life.
They see that the relationship with the
Creator is so restricted in achieving the Material
Value only that all other three values should
yield completely. It is well clear in their Torah and
Talmud which admit all evil deeds and bad
actions. They see that the All-praised God is kind
and merciful as long as He helps them to gain
life profits, else He is harsh and unkind..
Christianity depends firstly on the so-called Jesus
Words “Give Caesar what is His, and God what
is his” in separation between God and This Life
Control. But this case is confined in
circumstances, viz. whenever the Archbishops or
Popes are accessible to the high chairs of ruling,
as it happened in the Middle Ages and at the
beginning of the Renaissance period, they held
in hands firmly the states in Europe. Then it
depends secondly on the faith in the Trinity, of
(Father Son & Holy Ghost) who determine
abandoning all profits and pleasures of This Life
to replace them with worships and morals.
Therefore, it indulges in running after the Spiritual
Value as a replacement of the two values

Page 106 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

together: the Material and Spiritual.

As for the Moral Value it is regarded due to
the so-called Ten Commandments. But the
Human Value has more care and regard since
those Ten Commandments stress adherence to
virtues.
By the way, what we see of good
charitable works performed by the societies
joined with churches and supported by the
states, esp. the commission ones, are a good
evidence of such actions. It is remarkable that
such activities are concentrated on the spheres
of human weakness, such as in teaching and
medical treatment..
Sorry to say that all these human activities
are subdued to the political direction of the
states which care for their benefits, esp. in the
so-called third world and Africa. The end of such
aims does not allow achieving the Human Value
together with the Spiritual and Moral ones. It is, in
one word, because they aim political purposes
and not pure human ones.
In this way, the far distance among the
Three Heavenly Religions is well clear in respect
of the three relationships:
The Jewish Religion stresses the Material
Value which is achieved not by regarding the
relationship between the Creator and creatures
but by the relationship between the creatures
themselves. This case leads to regarding only the
Material Value only on behalf of the other two

Page 107 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

values.
This attitude of Judaism shows the far
distance between it and the other two Heavenly
Religions: Islam and Christianity. Islam does not
admit the prevalence of the Material Value on
the other three values. It is because God’s Orders
and Prohibitions are under consideration in all
deeds or actions of life. It is well known in Islam
that the one has to work hard for his life benefits
as if he is living for ever. He has to achieve the
Material Value side by side with the other two
values: The human & Moral, He has at the same
time to work for the sake of his Next Life by
adhering to God’s Orders and Prohibitions, as if
he is dying tomorrow. Islam obliges Moslem, for
example, to help any distressed one even within
his prayer. It is known that Iman Ali Ibn Abi Talem
(G. S. H. ) paid some of charity to a poor man
during his prayer. Moslem, hence, has to stop his
prayer to help the sick one who fell unconscious
within prayer to carry him to the hospital. The
praying is regarded in prayer all along his action
of help without speaking. Islam asks the trader in
his shop to practice charity actions and human
deeds achieving all values all through his
commercial work.
Therefore, the three heavenly Religions are
far from each other in regarding the Four Values
though they meet somehow in certain aspects:
They meet in the Material value and
practicing all actions which may achieve it,

Page 108 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

though Judaism disconnect it with God. Islam

connects it completely with God the same as
with the actions of the Spiritual Value.
Christianity indulges in the Spiritual.
Value as a reaction against the Israelite
attitude when indulging in the Material One.

The Three Religions Views about the Relationship

between God and This Life

Judaism separates God from His Creatures.

It believes that He has no relationship with man,
after being so distorted and deviated, but as a
helper to attain his life benefits only.
Christianity, as aforementioned, depends in
Separation between God, the Creator, and
man, the top-creature, on the saying ascribed
to Jesus Christ: (Give Caesar what is his, and
God what is His). The ruler beholds life and its
arrangement, whereas God beholds church
and its worship. Therefore, there should be
separation between life and church, or
between state and religion. God, due to their
view, is restricted to the church and its affairs,
though this case is subdued to the intellectual
and political positions.. in the one time.
Whenever the archbishop can became a ruler,
such as Mac Arius in Cyprus, no religious cause
may stop him. Also, whenever the Pope of Rome
(Vatican) may dominate the high chairs of
Europe, such as what took place in the Middle

Page 109 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

Ages, no religious cause hindered him from it. In

this case the saying “Give Caesar what is his,
and God what is His” would be away of use,
and what is God’s may be given to Caesar
whereas what is Caesar’s is not given to God
but after consideration.
Islam has no separation between religion
and life or state since it is religion and the state
as a part of it. God’s Orders and Prohibitions
arrange all life affairs in man’s three
relationships. No sphere of life is left to non-
arrangement. This arrangement is under the
control and authority of the Islamic State...
Therefore, Religion has no relationship in
Judaism with life and state though their state
(Israel) assumes to be a Jewish state. Really it is
secular state and its legislation has nothing to do
with their religion.
But Christianity is exploited badly all through
ages by states and rulers to achieve their
political aims and life spoils. Really Christianity
has no state within..
Islam does not separate between life and
religion because Shariah arranges completely
all life aspects and spheres..

E/Abraham Is the Great Grandfather of …

Whom?
Abraham, due to Islam, is not the first Jew
nor the first Christian, but the great grandfather

Page 110 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

of Jews, of Christians, and of Moslems at the

same time. He was the great grandfather of
Moses (PBUH), of Jesus Christ (PBUH) and of
Mohammad (PBUHR).
E/Abraham Was Moslem…
How?
This is not in regard of blood, but regarding
religion he was Moslem, the same as all Prophets
and Messengers of the One God, from the very
beginning of humanity with Adam (PBUH) until
the last Prophet and Messenger of the One Allah
Mohammad (P.B.U.H.& R.). And this is in respect
of the general literary meaning of the word
Islam, which means believing in the One All-
praised Allah and yielding in full obedience to
his Orders and Prohibitions as the only
Omnipotent, Omnipresent and Omniscient
Controller of the living and non-living world.
Therefore, Ebraheem was neither the first
Jew nor the first Christian, as Judaism and
Christianity assume, because he came before
them both. Glorious Quran says {Ebraheem was
neither a Jew nor a Christian but Moslem and
not a polytheist} -Al-Umran Sura - Verse 67. This
means that he was adhering to righteousness
and subdued to truthfulness and not one of the
idolater or polytheist.
Islam was revealed to Mohammad
(PBUHR)…
How were all Prophets Before & After
Moslems?

Page 111 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

The word Moslem means literary the

believer in the One God Allah, and who yields
and obeys His Orders as the One Creator of all
the creatures, and as the Omnipotent for that
and for all-controller, and as the Omniscient of
all their matters and affairs, of all advantages
and disadvantages, of all what is necessary and
not necessary for every thing and everybody..
In this sense Ebraheem (PBUH) was Moslem.
But in regard of the idiomatic sense of the word
Moslem refers only to the one who believes in
Islam Religion. The Verse 19 of Al-Umran Sura
says {The Religion Before God is Islam..} means
that the accepted religion all along humanity
eras by God from all nations and peoples is the
religion which its followers yielded and
subjugated and obeyed the All-praised One
God Allah, Whom they believed in this Omni-
presence, Omnipotence, Omni-science, Omni-
control for the creatures. This meaning responds
the same with the religions: Judaism, Christianity
and Islam…
But the Verse 85 of Aal Umran Sura says {If
anyone desires a religion other than Islam, never
will be accepted of Him; and in the Hereafter he
will be in the ranks of those who have lost every
good end} means that the last religion God
revealed to His Messenger Mohammad (PBUHR)
to deliver to all peoples in the world is the only
accepted religion to the end of This Life.
Therefore, we determine that Ebraheem

Page 112 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

(PBUH) was not a Jew nor a Christian, because

he had come before them, and because they
decline to false doctrines, and he was Moslem
believing in the One Allah, the Eternal, the
Absolute, the One who beget not, nor is He
begotten, and there is none like unto Him.
So, Ebraheem Islam was not in the meaning
of being one of Mohammad’s followers,
because he had come before him. It was in the
meaning which all religions may be called with
when they are the same in their Unitarian
fundamental origins.. When they are believing in
the One Allah as the Creator and Manager of all
creatures.. When they are calling for
worshipping and obeying this Creator-Manager
God..
Consequently, none of these three
Heavenly Religions can assume that Ebraheem
(P. B. U. H.) was one of his followers. They meet
together in this case of Ebraheem.

The Last Point of this Comparison among These

Three Heavenly Religions

{To each among you have we prescribed a

law and an open way} - from Verse 48 of
Mae’da Sura,
What does it mean?
We see out of the aforementioned
statement that the three religions meet in the
origin of religion. They meet in belief in Allah and

Page 113 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Two

in obeying His Orders and Prohibitions. This Verse

adds more statement. It says that all religions do
not meet in the subject of Shariah and way.
Every Ummah or nation and society is
distinguished from the other due to what the All-
promised Allah revealed to their messenger and
prophet of law to tackle their problems and
arrange their affairs. Also, they are distinguished
from each other due to the Way or Method they
were obliged to follow in living according to
those laws and calling others to live with, if the
religion is common for all human races and
peoples, as it was with Noah (PBUH) Message,
and Mohammad (PBUHR) Message... But other
religions were private each for a certain people
not more.

Page 114 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Three

CHAPTER THREE

CONCLUSION

Page 115 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Three

Conclusion

Lastly to sum up, all the six mentioned

religions: Confucianism, Hinduism, Buddhism,
Judaism, Christianity and Islam are of different
interests in experiencing religion in life, as we
have seen in this study of comparison among
religions and their viewpoint about God, the
very core of any religion.
They look upon Jehovah or Father or Allah
each one in different view from the other two.
This is in regard of these three Heavenly
Religions. But in regard of those three earthly
religions, we do not see the real existence of
god or gods except in Hinduism, whereas the
other two, Confucianism and Buddhism, are
merely two ways or methods of reforming or
bringing happiness to the family, society and the
individual member as well.
The crucial question now is:
What has humanity to think deeply and
illuminatively about? and
What measure has to decide?
All peoples and nations have to think about
the real role of Religion in life, and to decide
through comparison which Religion to adhere to
completely in this life for the benefit & goodness
of This and the Next Life.
Out of non - alignment we truly and
sincerely call all others to avoid fanaticism when
judging Islam Belief and Shariah to know them

Page 116 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Chapter Three

really and decide out of one's mental and

intuitional stand the position from them.
Undoubtedly, he who would choose Islam
and none but Islam would respond with human
Fitrah (nature) and with one contents of his mind
both in Belief and Shariah. But the one who
adheres to fanaticism in following his hereditary
doctrines and other religions, whether heavenly
or earthly ones, he is doggedly imitating the past
and following the heritage of his forefathers. It is
merely an easy imitation and blind following. This
one deprives his decision from the rational,
deep, illuminative research and from
comparative, a ware, true, unprejudiced study.
Which man is ready to carry such a
responsibility for the sake of that Day of
tomorrow and after tomorrow?!!

Page 117 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Blank

Page 118 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

References

References

The Glorious Quran, Translated and

Commentary by A. Yousef Ali, For the Moslem
Students Association of the U.S.A. and Canada.

An English Interpretation Of The Holy Quran With

Full Arabic Text, by A. Yousef Ali, Lahore,
Pakistan.

Arab New Testament, English NKJV New

Testament, NKJV Old Testament, Mac Arthur
Beatitudes and Radiant Christian living, by
Aurora Ministries, Bible Alliance, Florida, U.S.A.

Barnabus Gospel, Comparative Religion Studies,

by Saifullah Ahmed Fadel.

The Civilization Of India, by G. Lubaun.

Comparative Religion And Easternization, by

Prof. Dr. Ahmed Shalabi.

An Encyclopaedia Of Myth And Legend –

Pacific Methology, by Jan Knappert.

God Was Not In The Fire, by Daniel Gordis.

The Great Worldly Religions, by Habib Said.

A History Of Hebrew People, by Charles Foster

Page 119 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

References

Kent.

History Of Religion, by Prof. Reinach.

History Of Religions And Sects, by Prof. Dr. Yousef

Al-E’sh.

The Holy Book, New Testament, by The House of

The Holy Book in The Middle East, Beirut,
Lebanon.

The Holy Book, New Testament and Old

Testament, by The House of The Holy Book in The
Arab World.

India Culture And Spiritual Aspects, by Prof. Atria.

Jehovah’s Witnesses, by Gordon E. Duggar.

The Light of Asia (Buddhism), by Sir Edwin Arnold.

Lovesong, Becoming A Jew, by Julius Laster.

The Message Of Unitarianism, by Imam

Mohammed Abduh.

On Sharing Religious Experience, by Jerald D.

Gort & Others.

Our Fathers’ Wells, by Peter Pitzele.

Page 120 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

References

The People And Religion Of India, by Prof.

Weach.

The Prophet’s Biography, by Ben Hesham.

Questions of Heaven, by Gretel Enreich.

Religions And Sects, Comparative Study, by Abi

Al-Fath Ash-Shahrastani.

The Religion Of Islam, by Mawlana Mohammed

Ali.

The Religion Revolution Of Today, by J. S. Well.

Righteousness Manifestation, by Rahmatullah Al-

Hindy.

Sacred Writings-Confucianism-The Analects Of

Confucius, edited by Jaroslav Pelikan.

Sacred Writings-Hinduism-The Rig Veda, edited

by Jaroslav Pelikan.

Sarava! Afro-Brazilian Magic, by Caroll. Dow.

Sixty-One Psalms Of David, Selected &

Translated by David R. Slavitt.

The Story Of Civilization, by W. Durient.

Page 121 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

References

Understanding New Religious movements, by

John A. Saliba.

Wajdy Encyclopaedia, by Prof. Wajdy.

Page 122 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Brief Biography

Brief Biography

The author was born in Rabi Thani 1350 H (i.e.

1931 G) in the family of the Hawarey of Prophet
Mohammad SAW Al-Zubayr bin Al-Awwam RA,
the son of Saffiyyah the aunt of Rasulullah SAW,
thus Khadeejah RA is his aunt, Hamza and
Abbas RA are his uncles, Ali and Jaafer RA are
his cousins, and Abu baker RA is his father in law.

He holds 1 BA degree in English literature, 1 B.A.

degree in Education, 1 MA and 1 PhD in
Comparative Religion, and a 2nd PhD in Tafseer.
He authored multiple books, as seen on the
website indicated in the Footer, including a
Tafseer in 4 parts (2 volumes).

This book we introduce herewith under the title

(Comparative Religion) is a very brief study of
comparing the six religions: Confucianism,
Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity and
Islam. It stresses the fundamentals and the views
about God.

Admin of the website

[email protected]

Page 123 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org

Accessory Information

Accessory Information

• This study has been reformatted to be

easily portable as a handbook;
• Page size is 14 cm x 21 cm;
• Page margins are Top = 2.5 cm, Bottom =
2.0 cm, Left = 2.0 cm, and Right = 2.0 cm;
• Page Gutter = 0, Header = 1.5 cm, and
Footer = 1.5 cm;
• Font used is Century Gothic;
• Translation into English was done by the
author himself and has never been
quality-controlled professionally;
• The only version of this booklet that the
author certifies is the version available on
the website indicated in the Footer; and
• The Arabic version of this study is available
within the book advertised at
http://mohd.hawarey.org/kitab04.html.

Page 124 of 124 http://mohd.hawarey.org