Lesson Plan in Science 7

Prepared by:

Ancheta, Berlyn G., Domingo, Armel Kenneth P., Kunang, Ardrin G., Saavedra, Vanessa Joy D.

I. Objectives
At the end of the lesson the students are expected to:
a. Define and explain ecology;
b. Describe the layers of ecosystem;
c. Identify the biotic and abiotic components of the environment
d. Differentiate the different kind of consumers.

II. Subject Matter

Topic: Ecosystem
Sub-topic: Ecological way of life
Ecosystem and its components
Instructional Materials:
Power point presentation
Video
Pictures

Reference:

III. Teaching Strategies

A. Preparation
1. Routinary Activity

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

Good morning, class!

Good morning Ma’am!
Are you feeling good today?
Yes Ma’am!
That’s great!
Kindly all stand and let’s start our day with a
prayer, can you lead us ______
(prayer)
Thank you!
 II. REVIEW

a. Socratic

So class last meeting we talk about animal

reproduction.
Again, what is reproduction? Reproduction is one of the ubiquitous
properties of life.

And what are the two types of reproduction?

Asexual and sexual reproduction
Very good! So what is asexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction involves no
fertilization and produces offspring that is
genetically identical to the parent.
Exactly! How about the sexual reproduction?

Sexual reproduction is the formation of

Very good! offspring through the union of gametes.
And what do you call the process that
produces an offspring from outgrowth called
bud of an animal.
Budding
Great!
How about the animals that possess both male
and female organs, what do you call it?
Hermaphrodites
Very good!
And what is the process when a part of
organisms separated from itself.
Fragmentation
That’s right!
What are the two types of fertilization occurs
in animals?
Internal and external fertilization
Very good!
And what is external fertilization?
The fertilization that occurs outside the body
Good!
How about the internal fertilization?
Takes place inside the body of female.
Very good! So I think you really understand
our previous topic.
 b. Activity

So I also prepared here a short activity for you

to answer. Can you read the direction?
Complete the table below, put a check either
on the asexual reproduction or sexual
reproduction if the organisms given exhibit
that kind of reproduction.

SEXUAL ASEXUAL
ANIMALS REPRODUCTION REPRODUCTION

Bird
Bacteria
Paramecium
Horse
Fish

Can you answer number 1, yes___, and

number 2____. How about number 3____,
number 4_____ and number 5_____.

So now let’s check if they answer it correctly.

Number 1 is correct, number 2, 3, 4, and
number 5 are also correct. Very good class,
you got all the correct answers.

III. MOTIVATION

But before we finally proceed to our new

lesson. I have here pictures, so what can you
observe on the first picture?
The color of the picture is only the same
That’s right!
How about the next picture?
The color of the picture is black and white
Correct!
And the last picture?
The color picture is colorful and lively
Very good!
So class if you were to choose between these
three pictures, what will you choose? Who
will choose for the first picture?

How about the second picture? (student choose)

And for the last picture? (student choose)

Okay class, thank you! (student choose)

If the photos were to represent ecosystems,
what kind of ecosystem would you want?

Good! The last photo Ma’am

How do you justify your choice? What
similarities do you see between your chosen
photo and the ideal ecosystem that you want
to belong in?

The similarities are, it is lively and it is

colorful which means that the organisms are
That’s right! in good condition.
And today we are going to learn more about
the ecosystem, and the concepts concerning
the ideal ecosystem that we want to belong in.

2. Lesson Proper

Now class, let’s start our discussion, I have

here a picture and can you describe what you
observe on this?

That’s right! A man sweeping the floor.

So what do you think is this occupation?

Great! Janitor Ma’am

And what is the janitor always doing?

Very Good! Cleaning

So I have here another picture, and what is
this organism?

That right! I have here a story about the A janitor fish Ma’am
invasion of the janitor fish. Can you read the
first paragraph?

Hoping to catch fish, a fisherman fired his

arrow gun into the murky waters of Marikina
 river. He waited for hours, but there were no
signs of the regular tilapia or bia that he has
been catching for the past 10 years. Instead,
mysterious ripples spread across the water
and to his surprise, a strange black fish with
a sucker mouth shot up. The fish was about a
foot long, with white honeycomb pattern on
its body and fins, a lyre-shaped caudal fin
Thank you! (tail), and high and pointed dorsal (back) fin.
Can you read the second paragraph?

City officials learned that the fish were

imported from Brazil and introduced into the
Philippines in the 1990’s. They should have
been enjoyed to see such a school of helpful
fish proliferate and clean up the river. These
fish are unpaid brigade of aquatic metro aide
Thank you! cleaners; hence, the name “janitor fish”.
And for the last paragraph, can you read it?

However, the fishermen were unhappy, the

city officials dismayed, and the riverine
ecosystem was in an alarming distress. How
could this nonresident fish that live to clean
Thank you! up the environment wreak havoc in the river?
So what do you think will happen to our
ecosystem, especially on the aquatic
ecosystem if the janitor fish continue to
increase its population?

That’s right! It will invade most of the population.

Another effect of this?

It will release large amount of waste that can

Very good! pollute the water.
The reason why it increase in number and
amount quickly, is because they don’t have
predators here in the Philippines. And that’s
also the reason why the fishermen and the
official are alarmed by this fish.
So what do you think is the use of this fish in
the ecosystem and to the other organisms?

That’s right! Algae eater

The janitor fish's diet of algae, plants and
carrion cause them to widely sold
as aquarium algae eaters. 
And what is its other use?

Good! Food
According to Dr. Jonathan Armbruster a
curator of fishes, “janitor fish are edible if
they don’t contain high levels of mercury or
other metals.”
Remember class that there are some
organisms that can contribute to the
ecosystem and also harm it.

So now let’s us first define what is ecology,

ecology comes from the Greek word “oikos”,
which means what?

That’s right! House

And “logos” which means?

Good! To study
And what is the definition of ecology?

Ecology is the branch of biology that studies

the interrelation of organisms and their
Thank you! environment.
In addition, ecology is the science that deals
with the understanding on how and why these
kinds of interaction happen in the organisms
and their environment.
The scientist who study these interaction
between the organisms, is what we called?

Very good! Ecologist

So what is the role of the ecologist?

They study the nonliving or physical

Great! environment, and the living environment.
So there are various layers of ecological
organization. And what are those?

Biosphere, biome, ecosystem, community,

Very good! population, and habitat.
So let us first define the biosphere, can you
read the definition?

Biosphere is any part of the earth that

Thank you! supports life.
So biosphere includes the top portion of the
earth’s crust, the atmosphere, the landforms
and the bodies of water.
Next is the biome, so what is biome?

Biome is the set of ecosystems occupying

large ecological areas sharing distinct abiotic
That’s right! characteristics.
Biomes are usually defined by the abiotic
factors such as climate patterns, soil types and
vegetation.
Now let’s move on to the ecosystem, can you
read the definition?

It composed of all the living things

interacting with one another and with their
Thank you! environment.
Ecosystems can be large, such as an ocean,
wetlands or forest, but can also be small, like
a pond, tree or rotting log.
So I have here pictures, okay for the first
picture, is it large or small ecosystem?

That’s right! Large

And what organisms do you think live in this
kind of ecosystem?

Great! Large organisms

And can you give examples?

Very good! Lion, snake and deer

How about the next picture? What organisms
do you think live in this kind of ecosystem?

Good! Small organisms

And can you give examples?

Very good! Termites and ants

So next is the community, and what is a
community?

Different organisms that interact with each

That’s right! other in a given habitat.
An example of this is the rainforest, which
may include frogs, monkeys, insects and
birds.
And the nest one is the population, can you
read the definition?

It is a group of organisms of the same

Thank you! species living in a certain area.
For example, in a pond community, there may
be populations of small fishes; water insects
and water lilies.
And for the nest one is the habitat and what is
habitat?

The actual place or type of environment in

For example is the frog. So where is the which an organism or population lives.
habitat of a frog?

Very good! It is in the pond

So several kinds of organisms usually share
the same habitat but it is rare that two or more
kinds of organisms fill a particular niche. So
what is a niche?

It is the role an organism performs in its

That’s right! habitat.
For example is the frog lives in a pond habitat
and its niche or its role is to feed on the
insects that live around the edge of the pond.
Another example is a dog, so where is the
habitat of a dog?

That’s right! Dog house

So what is its niche?

Very good! Is that clear class? It is to be the man’s best friend

Now let us proceed in the Ecosystem and its

Components.
Let’s define first the Ecosystem. So class
again what is ecosystem?______

Ecosystem is a community of different

organism that interacts with each other and
their physical environment and depends on
Very good each other for survival.
In the other word ecosystem is a place where
all different organisms interact to each other.
And when we say “they depend from each
other for survival”, in ecosystem from small
to bigger organisms is important and there is a
competition here in order to survive.

And did you that the term ecosystem was

coined by the British Plant Ecologist Sir
Arthur George Tansley to show that a habitat
is a system in which its biotic and abiotic
components constantly interact.
So what is biotic component?

Very good. Sir, biotic components can be described as

How about abiotic component?______ any living component in ecosystem.

Correct. Sir, abiotic components are those nonliving

To further to understand these two things in ecosystem.
components of ecosystem let us discuss this
one by one.
You said earlier that biotic component is a
component of ecosystem that can be described
as any living component in ecosystem. Right?
Biotic component of an ecosystem is made up
of two groups of organism.
First group is the one who produce their own
food.
So what do you call to the organism that
produces their own food? _______

Exactly! Or also known as autotrophs, they Sir Producer

can manufacture their own food through the
process of photosynthesis.

So can you give some example of producer?

Very Good. Sir, plant, tress, fern, mosses,

So let us proceed into the second group.
Second group is the one who consume or eat
producer or other organism.
What do you call that? ________

Correct! Or also known as Heterothrophs, Sir, consumer

they are usually animals and also they used
organic matter produced by plants as source of
their food.
Can you give some example of animal that
considered as consumer? Yes? _________

Very good. Dog, cow, frog, carabao

So let’s proceed in the different types of
Consumer.
First is herbivore. So what is herbivore?

Herbivore is an animal that gets energy from

Very good herbivore are considered as eating plants.
vegetarian because they can eat plants only.
Can you give some example of herbivore?___

Very good! Cow, goat, carabao

Next is Carnivores and when we say
carnivores what does it mean? ______

Exactly! Carnivores are animal that eats other animal.

So the carnivores are considered as meat
eater, they get their food from killing and
eating other animals.
Can you give some example of carnivores?
___

Next consumer is the one eat both plants and Lion, tiger, fox
animals, what do you call to this consumer?

Very good! Humans are considered as Sir omnivores

omnivores? Yes or no?

Very Good, we are omnivores, can you give Yes Sir

another example of omnivores?______

Very good! Cat, dog, bear

Next is the scavengers, are you familiar in the
word scavenger? What is this?

Very good! Best example of this is the Scavengers, they eat dead animals
vulture.
Vulture is considered as nature’s best
scavenger,
Next is the parasite? What comes into your
minds when you heard the word parasite?
 A parasite is organism that lives in or on
another living organism to get their
Exactly! In the other word parasite is an nourishment.
organism that attacks the living host to get
their nourishment.
Can you give some example of parasites?___

Very good.
And lastly class the decomposer Bacteria, tapeworm, flea,
What is decomposer?

Decomposer is special type of consumer that

Very good! feed on the dead plants and animals.
By means of that decomposer it can converts
organic matter into organic materials, so that
they plays a important role in the recycling of
materials in nature.
Do you understand?

Now let’s proceed in the abiotic components Yes Sir

Again what is an abiotic component?

Abiotic component of an ecosystem are non

living chemical and physical factors that help
Very good! sustain life in ecosystem
Can you give some example of abiotic
components?________

Very good! These examples of biotic Sunlight, rain, water, air and wind.
components have different function in order to
sustain the life in ecosystem.
Like sunlight coming from the sun it gives
energy to plants to start photosynthesis and
wind for transport of other biotic and abiotic
components.
Did you understand?

Is there any question? Yes Sir

None Sir
3. Generalization

Do you any questions? If none. So again what

is ecology?

Ecology is the branch of biology that studies

 the interrelation of organisms and their
Very good! And can you give example of environment.
biotic component?

Great! How about abiotic component? Plant and animals

Can you give different ecological relationship Water, air, sunlight

in ecosystem?
4. Application Community, population, habitat

So we are part of this system the ecosystem

because we interact in biotic component like
the plant we eat and through the carbon
dioxide they produce and in the animals.

IV. EVALUATION

So let's have an activity, this is a group

activity and your group is according to your
seat row. So kindly bring out 1/2 length wise
for each group so in group one your paper will
start in the front and for the second group the
paper start from the back is that clear?
1. The branch of science that studies the
interrelation of organisms and their
environment.
2. What is the Greek word which means
house.
3. It composed of all living things interacting
with one another and with their environment.
4. This is the actual place or type of
environment wherein an organisms or
population lives.
5. A group of organisms of same species
living in a defined area.
6. These are the living entities in an
ecosystem.
7. These are the non living chemical and
physical component that helps sustain life in
an ecosystem.
8. Biotic component of an ecosystem that can
produce their own food.
9-10give examples of abiotic component
 V. ASSIGNMENT
So for your assignment kindly bring out your
notebook and copy this.
Direction: Define the following terms:
1. Producers
2. Consumer
3. Food chain
4. Food web
5. Solar energy

Reference: Science book 7