Ministry of Defence

Defence Standard 02-607

Issue 3 Publication Date 11 January 2013

Design of High Voltage Electrical

Power Systems for HM Ships,
Submarines and The Royal Fleet
Auxiliary
DEF STAN 02-607 Issue 3

Contents

Foreword ..........................................................................................................................................................iv
Introduction.......................................................................................................................................................v
1 Scope.......................................................................................................................................................1
1.1 General ...............................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Types of Enclosures .........................................................................................................................1
1.3 Pipework in the Vicinity of HV Equipment......................................................................................1
1.4 CCTV Monitoring ...............................................................................................................................1
2 Warning ...................................................................................................................................................1
3 Normative References ...........................................................................................................................1
4 Definitions ...............................................................................................................................................2
5 Switchgear and Control Gear Assemblies...........................................................................................3
5.1 Disconnectors (Isolators) .................................................................................................................3
5.2 Auxiliary Circuits and Manual Operation........................................................................................3
5.3 Additional Requirements for Fused Circuit Breakers ...................................................................3
5.4 Circuit Breakers.................................................................................................................................3
5.5 HV Switchboard Vacuum Circuit Breaker (VCB) Shutters ............................................................4
5.6 Fuses ..................................................................................................................................................4
5.7 Earthing of High Voltage Switchboards..........................................................................................4
5.8 Instruments........................................................................................................................................5
5.9 Position of Switchboards .................................................................................................................5
6 Rotating Machines .................................................................................................................................5
6.1 General Requirements ......................................................................................................................5
6.2 Rating .................................................................................................................................................6
6.3 Overloads...........................................................................................................................................6
6.4 Machine Enclosure............................................................................................................................6
7 Converter Equipment.............................................................................................................................6
7.1 Transformers .....................................................................................................................................6
7.2 Static Converters...............................................................................................................................7
8 Electric Cables........................................................................................................................................7
8.1 Installation of Electric Cables ..........................................................................................................7
8.2 Cable Support Systems ....................................................................................................................8
8.3 Penetration of Bulkheads and Decks by Cables............................................................................8
8.4 Cable Segregation.............................................................................................................................8
9 Electric Propulsion.................................................................................................................................8
9.1 General Requirements ......................................................................................................................8

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9.2 Voltage and Frequency Variations ..................................................................................................9

9.3 Overload Capacity.............................................................................................................................9
9.4 Torque ................................................................................................................................................9
9.5 Ventilation ..........................................................................................................................................9
9.6 System Arrangement ........................................................................................................................9
9.7 Accessibility ......................................................................................................................................9
9.8 Anti-condensation Space Heaters...................................................................................................9
9.9 Power Distribution ............................................................................................................................9
9.10 Semiconductor Converters ..............................................................................................................9
9.11 Overload...........................................................................................................................................10
9.12 Propulsion Motor Starters..............................................................................................................10
9.13 Power Management ........................................................................................................................10
9.14 Monitoring........................................................................................................................................10
9.15 Instruments......................................................................................................................................11
9.16 Control System Design...................................................................................................................11
9.17 Additional Requirements for Computer-Based Systems............................................................11
10 Fire and Ship Safety Systems .............................................................................................................12
10.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................................................12
10.2 High Voltage System Design and Layout .....................................................................................12
10.3 Ingress Protection...........................................................................................................................13
10.4 Fixed Fire-fighting Systems ...........................................................................................................13
10.5 Portable Fire-fighting Equipment ..................................................................................................14
10.6 Pumping and Flooding ...................................................................................................................14
10.7 Containment ....................................................................................................................................14
11 Testing and Trials.................................................................................................................................15
11.1 Rotating Machines ..........................................................................................................................15
11.2 Transformers ...................................................................................................................................16
Annex A Informative References ..................................................................................................................18

Tables
Table 1 Testing and Trials .........................................................................................................................16

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Foreword
AMENDMENT RECORD

Amd No Date Text Affected Signature and Date

REVISION NOTE

This standard is raised to Issue 3 to update its content.

HISTORICAL RECORD

This standard supersedes the following:

Def Stan 02-607 Issue 2 29 Feb 2008

Def Stan 02-607 Issue 1 6 July 2001

NES 607

a) This standard provides requirements and guidance for the management and production of Defence
Standards.

b) This standard has been produced on behalf of the Ministry of Defence (MOD) by UK Defence
Standardization (DStan).

c) This standard has been agreed by the authorities concerned with its use and is intended to be used
whenever relevant in all future designs, contracts, orders etc. and whenever practicable by
amendment to those already in existence. If any difficulty arises which prevents application of the
Defence Standard, DStan shall be informed so that a remedy may be sought.

d) Please address any enquiries regarding this standard, whether in relation to an invitation to tender or
to a contract in which it is incorporated, to the responsible technical or supervising authority named in
the invitation to tender or contract.

e) Compliance with this Defence Standard shall not in itself relieve any person from any legal obligations
imposed upon them.

f) This standard has been devised solely for the use of the MOD and its contractors in the execution of
contracts for the MOD. To the extent permitted by law, the MOD hereby excludes all liability
whatsoever and howsoever arising (including, but without limitation, liability resulting from negligence)
for any loss or damage however caused when the standard is used for any other purpose.

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Introduction
0.1 This Defence Standard provides guidance for the design and operation of Medium Voltage (MV) ac
electrical power systems for HM Surface Ships and Submarines.

NOTE MV is defined as any ac voltage between 1 kV and 15 kV.

0.2 This Defence Standard covers similar requirements to those of Def Stan 08-109. Detailed
requirements, which are the same as those for Low Voltage (LV) systems, are not duplicated in this Defence
Standard. Therefore this Defence Standard must be applied in conjunction with Def Stan 08-109.

0.3 This Defence Standard must also be applied in conjunction with the Statement of Technical
Requirements (STR) for any given project. This Defence Standard will provide guidance and technical
requirements and the STR will include additional technical requirements.

0.4 Similarly, the STR will state the applicability of the various general standards and specifications such as
Def Stan 59-411 for Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) limits and Def Stan 08-123 for environmental
conditions.

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Intentionally Blank

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Design of High Voltage Electrical Power Systems for HM Ships,

Submarines and The Royal Fleet Auxiliary

1 Scope

1.1 General

This standard applies to the HV electrical system onboard Royal Navy & Royal Fleet Auxiliary vessels. By
definition the electrical system comprises all equipment for the production, conversion, transmission storage,
distribution and use of electrical energy.

1.2 Types of Enclosures

The Ingress Protection (IP) rating of HV electrical equipment is to be such that it is to take into account Naval
fire-fighting techniques, and risk of flooding that may take place in compartments containing such equipment
(Reference BR2170 Ships NBCD Manual). Therefore the IP ratings of HV equipment in MMS is to be at
least IP56.

1.3 Pipework in the Vicinity of HV Equipment

Pipes installed in the vicinity of HV equipment are to be continuous and joints or similar are not permitted if
failure of the joint would result in direct impingement of liquid on the equipment. If unavoidable, additional
screening of pipes and fittings will be required in order to protect the main switchboard against splash by
leakages. Such screening is to be provided with drains and alarms, if necessary.

1.4 CCTV Monitoring

All HV spaces are to be monitored by the use of CCTV. The monitoring is to be available in, and controlled
from, the Ships Control Centre (SCC) / Main Machinery Room (MMR).

2 Warning
The Ministry of Defence (MOD), like its contractors, is subject to both United Kingdom and European laws
regarding Health and Safety at Work. Many Defence Standards set out processes and procedures that could
be injurious to health if adequate precautions are not taken. Adherence to those processes and procedures
in no way absolves users from complying with legal requirements relating to Health and Safety at Work.

3 Normative References
3.1 The publications shown in below are referred to in the text of this standard. Publications are grouped
and listed in alpha-numeric order.

BR 2000 (52) (1) Operating Guidance for High Voltage Systems in HM Ships, Submarines and the
Royal Fleet Auxiliary

BR 2170(1) CBRNDC Manual

Vol 1 Ship CBRNDC Manual, Damage Control

Def Stan 00-56 Safety Management Requirements for Defence Systems

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Def Stan 08-109 Guide to the Design of Electrical Supply and Distribution Systems in Surface Ships
and Submarines (Restricted)

Def Stan 59-411 Electromagnetic Compatibility

Def Stan 61-5 Electrical Power Supply Systems below 650 Volts
Part 4 Power supplies in HM Ships

IEC 60034-1 Rotating Electrical Machines

IEC 60092 Electrical Installations in Ships

Part 201 System Design – General
Part 301 Equipment - Generators and motors

JSP 430 Ship Safety Management System Handbook

Lloyd's Rules Lloyd's Register - Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Naval Ships

3.2 Reference in this Standard to any normative references means in any Invitation to Tender or contract
the edition and all amendments current at the date of such tender or contract unless a specific edition is
indicated.

3.3 In consideration of clause 3.2 above, users shall be fully aware of the issue and amendment status of all
normative references, particularly when forming part of an Invitation to Tender or contract. Responsibility for
the correct application of standards rests with users.

3.4 DStan can advise regarding where normative references documents are obtained from. Requests for
such information can be made to the DStan Helpdesk. How to contact the helpdesk is shown on the outside
rear cover of Def Stans.

4 Definitions

4.1
High Voltage (HV)
Where the working voltage exceeds 1000 Volts AC (RMS) or 1500 Volts DC measured between any two-
circuit conductors or between a circuit conductor and earth 600V AC/900 V DC.

4.2
High Voltage Apparatus/Equipment
Any apparatus, equipment and conductors that are normally operated at a voltage exceeding 1000 Volts AC
(RMS) or 1500 Volts DC.

4.3
High Voltage Compartment
Any compartment that contains High Voltage Apparatus/Equipment. Compartments through which HV
cables transit without joints or terminations are not considered to be High Voltage Compartments.

4.4
Essential System
A system supporting equipment which needs to be in continuous operation for maintaining the vessel's
propulsion, steering and mission critical functions as defined in the system requirement document (SRD).

4.5
Important System
A system supporting equipment, which need not necessarily be in continuous operation, but which is
necessary to maintain the vessels main functions.

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4.6
Compartment Disconnection
HV breakers supplying that HV Compartment opened but no Isolation through separation, racking out and
securing.

4.7
Main Machinery Space (MMS)
For the purposes of this standard a MMS is as defined in Lloyds Naval Rules.

4.8
Adjacent Compartment (HV)
An HV Compartment adjacent to a MMS.

5 Switchgear and Control Gear Assemblies

Arrangements must be made to ensure that any cubicle containing an HV source is fitted with facilities for
“unique” locking arrangements such as Castell keys, and individual padlocks, to allow for formalised isolation
routines (Permit to Works etc) to be safely achieved (BR2000 (52) (1) Chapter 3 refers).

5.1 Disconnectors (Isolators)

Means are to be provided for the disconnection and isolating of all circuit breakers and fused circuit
breakers, either by using withdrawable components or by installation of separate disconnectors (isolators).

5.2 Auxiliary Circuits and Manual Operation

5.2.1 Control and auxiliary devices are to be segregated by earthed metallic partitions from the main
circuit. The wiring of auxiliary circuits shall, with the exception of short lengths of wire at terminals of
instrument transformers, tripping coils, auxiliary contacts etc., also be either segregated from the main circuit
by earthed metallic partitions (e.g. conduit) or separated by partitions (e.g. conduit or sheathed cables) made
of flame retardant insulating material.

5.2.2 Fuses of auxiliary circuits, terminals and other auxiliary apparatus requiring attention while the
equipment is in service, are to be accessible without exposing high-voltage conductors.

5.2.3 There is to be a dedicated alarm for voltage loss after the last fuses in each auxiliary HV power
system.

5.2.4 A facility for manual operation of each circuit breaker is to be provided. However, manual closing of
the circuit breakers is not to be possible if the protection devices are inoperable.

5.3 Additional Requirements for Fused Circuit Breakers

5.3.1 Each fused circuit breaker is to have a separate fuse connected in each insulated pole on the
supply side. The characteristics are to be such that the fuses blow before the actual short-circuit current
exceeds the breaker's breaking capacity, thereby protecting the circuit breaker from damage.

5.3.2 For overloads, the circuit breaker is to be released by its relay equipment, without the fuses being
blown i.e. the circuit breaker protection relays and the fuse characteristics are to be co-ordinated such that
the relays clear all faults up to the rating of the breaker without the fuses blowing.

5.4 Circuit Breakers

5.4.1 Each circuit-breaker is to be of trip-free type, i.e. the breaking action initiated by short-circuit and
over-current relays, or by under-voltage coil, when fitted, is to be fulfilled independently of the position or
operation of manual handle or of other closing devices. The arrangement is further to be such that
automatically repeated breakings/makings by short-circuits and over-currents cannot occur.

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5.4.2 The over-current relays are to have the facility to be time-delayed. The Instantaneous over-current
relays may be time-delayed up to 1 second if necessary to obtain selective (discriminating) disconnection.

5.4.3 The arrangement of the circuit breaker with its relay and other auxiliary equipment is to be such that
it can be reconnected after a release without replacing parts.

5.4.4 All protection devices with adjustable settings are to have means that readily identifies the actual
setting.

5.5 HV Switchboard Vacuum Circuit Breaker (VCB) Shutters

5.5.1 All VCB Shutters within HV Switchboards are to be marked as follows:

a) BUSBAR circuit Shutters to be marked:

“BUSBAR”, in red paint or white lettering on a red background

b) Incomer Shutters (Supply, Bus-Tie or Interconnector) to be marked:

“INCOMER”, in red paint or white paint on red background

c) Feeder Shutters to Equipment to be marked:

“FEEDER”, in yellow paint or black lettering on a yellow background.

d) All other HV switchboard Shutters:

Should be identified to the circuit to which they are connected. Busbar/Feeder

5.5.2 This marking provides additional safety indication to an operator who may be accessing the VCB
Shutters during maintenance activity.

5.6 Fuses

All fuses are to be able to carry continuously their rated current and are generally to break no less than
1-2 hours when the current is 110% of the rated current. All fuses are to be able to break all short-circuit
currents up to the maximum which can occur at the points of installations where they are used, without
occurrence of external arcs or damage to the fuse cartridges with their contacts.

5.7 Earthing of High Voltage Switchboards

5.7.1 All earthing connections of copper are to have sufficient cross-section to prevent the current density
exceeding 150 A/mm² at the maximum earth fault currents which can pass through them.

5.7.2 Fixing devices between a metal enclosure and steel hull parts are not to be relied upon as the sole
earthing connection of the enclosure.

5.7.3 For the interconnections within an enclosure the fastening such as bolting or welding is acceptable
provided that a satisfactory conductive connection is obtained.

5.7.4 Each switchgear and control gear assembly is to be provided with a main earthing conductor of
cross-section at least 70 mm² copper running through its entire length, with at least 2 adequate terminals for
connection to the steel hull.

5.7.5 Each unit enclosure and other metallic parts intended to be earthed are to be connected to this
earthing conductor.

5.7.6 The High voltage switchboard earthing arrangements must be fitted with a means of locking the
applied earths into position.

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5.7.7 Compartment doors may be earthed through their metallic hinges when they do not carry any
electric components. If the doors do carry such components, they are to be earthed by means of flexible
copper conductors having at least 4 mm² cross-sections. Earthed metallic parts of withdrawable components
are to remain earthed, by means of a special earth device, until they have been fully withdrawn. The
earthing is to be effective also when in test position with auxiliary circuits live.

5.8 Instruments

5.8.1 Instruments are to have a nominal accuracy of 1% or better over a nominal operating range. The
upper limit of the scale of each ammeter and kW-meter is to be at least 130% of the rated full-load on the
circuit. For generators arranged for parallel operation, the scale is to be arranged for reading of reverse
current/power corresponding to at least 15% of the rated full load on the circuit.

5.8.2 The scales of ammeters, kW-meters and voltmeters are to be provided with red marks to indicate
rated full-load current/power and rated voltage, respectively.

5.8.3 Instruments are to have effective screening (e.g. by metal enclosures) in order to diminish faulty
readings caused by induction from adjacent current-carrying parts.

5.8.4 The frequency meter is to have a scale at least ± 8% of the nominal frequency.

5.8.5 Each secondary distribution system is to include a separate voltmeter.

5.9 Position of Switchboards

5.9.1 The main switchboard(s) shall be so placed relative to the main generators to maximise the integrity
and survivability of the normal electrical supply arrangements.

5.9.2 Main switchboards are to be placed in easily accessible and well-ventilated locations, well clear of
substantial heat sources such as boilers, heated oil tanks, and steam exhaust or other heated pipes.

5.9.3 The ventilation system is to be designed to minimise the possibility of water ingress from ventilation
outlets.

6 Rotating Machines

6.1 General Requirements

6.1.1 Machines are to be capable of withstanding the following over-speeds for 2 minutes:

a) Generators driven by turbines: 1.25 times the rated maximum speed.

b) Generators driven by other prime movers: 1.25 times the rated maximum speed.

c) Motors: 1.25 times the maximum no-load speed.

6.1.2 Where cooling of machines is arranged through air-water heat exchangers, these are to be
arranged as to prevent entry of water into the machine, whether by leakage or condensation. Leakage
monitoring with alarm is to be provided. IEC 60092-301 refers.

6.1.3 The construction and certification of the air-water heat exchangers are to comply with requirements
for pressure vessels. IEC 60092-301 refers.

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6.2 Rating

When determining the temperature rise, of machines cooled by air, allowance must be made for local "hot
spots" which are not to exceed the values in LNR. The temperature rise is to be measured at the rated
output, voltage and frequency, and the temperature test is to be carried out at the duty for which the machine
is rated and marked (continuous, intermittent or short-time), in accordance with the testing methods specified
in IEC Publication No. 60034-1.

6.3 Overloads

6.3.1 Machines are to be capable of withstanding the following overloads (IEC 60034-1 refers):

[Link] AC generators: 50% in excess of the rated current for not less than 30 s, the voltage and frequency
to be maintained within steady state limits.

[Link] AC motors: 50% in excess of the rated current for not less than 120 s.

[Link] Commutating machines: 50% in excess of the rated current under the appropriate combinations of
conditions as stated below:

a) DC motor at highest full-field speed, DC Generator rated speed and AC commutator motor at highest
full-field speed.

b) Armature voltage that correspond to specified speed

c) Time 45 s.

[Link] Overloads as stated are difficult to realise on large machines. In case an overload cannot be tested,
approval of calculations may be given, if based on proven methods and experience. If not applicable then
should be discussed at an earlier stage with design authority.

6.4 Machine Enclosure

Arrangements are to be made for methods of emergency cooling of machines in the event of failure of the
normal cooling medium. In the case of Propulsion motors, if emergency cooling is applied it shall be related
to emergency speed and manoeuvring of the vessel.

7 Converter Equipment

7.1 Transformers

7.1.1 Transformers for essential and important services are to comply with the following:

[Link] Transformers are normally to be of the dry, natural air-cooled type but provision can be made for
liquid-cooled transformers with non-flammable liquid, low flame point fluid and forced air-cooled variants.

[Link] Transformers in separate dedicated compartments are to have enclosures complying with the
requirements in IEC Publication 60092-201.

[Link] Transformers supplying secondary distribution systems for general use are to have a maximum
2.5% voltage drop from no-load to full-load at cos φ = 1. The actual voltage ratio of such transformers is to
be within 0.5% of the nominal ratio. For special transformers, e.g. starting transformers and instrument
transformers, other voltage regulation may be accepted/required, depending upon the application.

[Link] The inherent harmonic loading caused by non-linear devices requires that a K-rated transformer
design be specified.

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[Link] Suitable, fixed terminal connections are to be provided in an accessible position with sufficient
space for convenient connection of the external cables.

[Link] Each transformer is to be provided with nameplate of corrosion-resistant metal giving information on
make, type, serial No., insulation class, and all technical data necessary for the application of the
transformer.

[Link] All windings of air-cooled transformers are to be treated to resist moisture, sea air and oil vapours.

7.2 Static Converters

7.2.1 Static converter assemblies based on semiconductor devices for installation in the primary power
system are to comply as follows:

[Link] Converter assemblies are in general to comply with the requirements for switchgear assemblies.
Semiconductor controls for excitation and voltage regulation of electrical machines are to be tested as part of
the machine.

[Link] Final approval of the converter assembly shall include complete function tests after installation
onboard. These tests shall be performed with all ship systems simultaneously in operation, and in all
characteristic load conditions.

[Link] The converter assembly capacity shall be capable of including a 100% continuous load, and a
specified overload capacity given by a current of maximum duration.

[Link] Where required by the application, the overload capacity may be specified in several steps with
corresponding maximum duration, or the converter rated load may be referred to a worst-case duty cycle.

[Link] The rated capacity of converter assemblies for motor drives shall as a minimum comply with the
motor requirements. The rating shall as a minimum take two consecutive start attempts into consideration.
For converter assemblies supplying thruster motors, the rated capacity shall comply with the requirements
specified for minimum torque with the propeller stalled.

[Link] Large converter assemblies are to be compatible with the network such that generated network
voltage distortions do not affect the generator voltage regulation.

[Link] The converter assembly is to include short circuit protection that is compatible with the ship
network, for protection of the semiconductor elements.

[Link] Each converter assembly that is installed as a separate unit is to be provided with nameplate of
durable, flame-retardant material, giving information on make, type, serial No. and all technical data
necessary for the application.

[Link] Should a converter be fitted with diagnostic LED’s, meters etc that assist with the monitoring of the
converter during its normal operation, these should clearly be visible without the need to remove or open the
converter cubicle cover or doors. Any material used to achieve this requirement must be such that the safety
of any operator is not compromised in the event of a fault condition within the converter and retaining the IP
rating for the equipment

8 Electric Cables

8.1 Installation of Electric Cables

8.1.1 The following guidelines are to be followed:

[Link] Separate cables are to be used for all circuits having separate short-circuit/over-current protection.

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[Link] When cable runs are carried behind panels in accommodation spaces (except when carried in
conduit), the panels are to be designed such that they can be removed for inspection without damage.

[Link] Cable runs are to be installed clear of substantial heat sources unless it is ensured that the
insulation type and current rating is commensurate with the temperatures experienced within such spaces.

[Link] Special attention is to be given to the mechanical protection and routing of main cable runs for
essential installations, for example between machinery spaces.

[Link] Parallel connection can be used for cables having conductor cross-section 10 mm² or above. All
cables, which are parallel connected, are to be of the same length and cross-section. The current-carrying
capacity is the sum of all parallel conductors current-carrying capacities.

[Link] A two, three or four-core cable, in which all cores are of the same cross-section, can be used as
single-core cable by parallel connection of all cores.

[Link] Cables for main generators and main power converters are to be divided between two or more
cable-runs. These cable-runs are to be routed as far away from each other as practicable and away from
machinery having an increased fire risk. The cable routing to be such that in case of a local fire in a
machinery space it should not be likely that two or more such cable-runs will be damaged. In areas where it
is impossible to separate the cable-runs, they are to be protected against direct exposure to fire.

[Link] All metal coverings of electric cables are to be earthed.

8.2 Cable Support Systems

8.2.1 Cables are to be so installed that they are not likely to suffer mechanical damage. If necessary,
they are to be protected by providing the cable runs with covers of plates, profiles or grids, or by carrying the
cables in conduit/trunking.

8.2.2 For flameproof or other certified-safe type equipment, each cable is to be fixed in a maximum
distance from the entrance into an enclosure of 10 times the cable diameter.

8.3 Penetration of Bulkheads and Decks by Cables

8.3.1 Penetrations of watertight bulkheads should be placed as high as practicable.

8.3.2 Where compound filled tubes are used as transits, the compound shall retain its watertight seal and
not become porous. Furthermore, the transit shall retain its pressure withstand capability when subjected to
normal cable temperature rises under short circuit conditions. Consideration should be given to the ease of
removing cables transiting glands should the cables require replacing through life due to damage.

8.4 Cable Segregation

The wiring of auxiliary circuits shall, with the exception of short lengths of wire at terminals of instrument
transformers, tripping coils, auxiliary contacts etc., be either segregated from the main circuit by earthed
metallic partitions (e.g. conduits) or separated by partitions (e.g. trunking or sheathed cables) made of flame
retardant insulating material.

9 Electric Propulsion

9.1 General Requirements

A vessel is considered to be propelled by electric propulsion when the main propulsion means are powered
by electric motors. The propulsion units may be conventional propeller drives, or fixed or rotatable thrusters,
e.g. azimuth thrusters, with variable pitch or speed for control of thrust output and thrust direction.

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9.2 Voltage and Frequency Variations

The voltage variations are to be designed in accordance with Lloyds Naval Rules or Def Stan 61-5 so that
there are no harmful effects on machinery or other equipment, with particular attention to reduction gear
performance.

9.3 Overload Capacity

The system is to have sufficient capacity to provide the necessary torque, power, and for AC systems
reactive power, needed during starting and manoeuvring conditions.

9.4 Torque

The torque available at the propeller shaft is to be adequate to enable the vessel to be manoeuvred,
stopped, or reversed when the vessel is sailing at full speed. An adequate level of torque is to be provided
during rough weather conditions or manoeuvres. Sufficient run-up torque margin is to be provided to ensure
a reliable start under all ambient conditions. The requirement for locked rotor torque is to be considered in
view of the operation of the vessel.

9.5 Ventilation

Adequate ventilation is to be provided in compartments housing propulsion power converters and control
units. Loss of ventilation to spaces or equipment with forced air-cooling is not to cause loss of propulsion.
Two sets of ventilation fans are to be provided, arranged as one running and one automatic stand-by unit.

9.6 System Arrangement

Vessels having two or more propulsion motors, converters, or electric motors on one propeller shaft are to be
arranged so that any unit may be taken out of service and disconnected electrically whilst the shaft remains
turning.

9.7 Accessibility

All parts of electric propulsion are to be placed in accessible locations to enable maintenance and repair.

9.8 Anti-condensation Space Heaters

All machines and equipment which can be expected to be periodically out of service and which are not
located in heated and ventilated spaces are to be provided with standstill heating in order to prevent
condensation and accumulation of moisture. The heating is to be automatically switched on at standstill. In
the event of a power failure the temp could drop to the wet bulb level, therefore there should be an anti-
condensation heater (ACH) fed from a secure supply.

9.9 Power Distribution

Propeller/thruster auxiliary systems shall be supplied directly from either the main switchboard, from the main
distribution board on the actual voltage level or from a distribution board dedicated to this propeller/thruster
(except for azimuth control).

9.10 Semiconductor Converters

When converters are force-ventilated, it is essential that they can be operated at reduced power after fan
failure. If several elements are connected in parallel and a separate fan is fitted for each parallel branch, it
will be sufficient to electrically disconnect only those branches for which ventilation is not available.

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9.11 Overload

9.11.1 Over-current protection may, after consideration, be substituted by automatic control systems
ensuring that over-currents do not reach harmful values, e.g. by selective tripping or rapid reduction of the
magnetic fluxes of electric machines.

9.11.2 In the case of equipment supplied from a system with generators connected in parallel, suitable
control measures are to ensure that if one or more generators are disconnected the remaining generators
are not overloaded by the propeller motor(s).

9.11.3 Propulsion motors are to be protected against locked propeller. Effective protection is to be
provided during starting and in operation.

9.11.4 When necessary, over-speed protection of propulsion motors is to be arranged, preventing the
speed during manoeuvring or fault conditions to exceed the over-speed for which the machine has been
designed.

9.12 Propulsion Motor Starters

Starter switchgear shall have breaking capacity large enough for all prospective currents including motor
starting currents if the switchgear is required to interrupt such currents.

9.13 Power Management

9.13.1 For power systems consisting of generators operating in parallel, there is to be a device/computer
program for automatic power management, which will ensure adequate power generation to meet propulsion
requirements.

9.13.2 The power management system may have a selector for Transit/Manoeuvre mode, enabling
operation with different levels of reserve power for both modes.

9.13.3 The power management system is to control load sharing between on-line generators, and to
execute load shedding when the power plant is overloaded.

9.13.4 The power management system is to control the maximum propulsion motor output.

9.14 Monitoring

9.14.1 Monitoring with alarm is to be arranged for the following:

[Link] Temperature of cooling air of machines, semiconductor converters and transformers having
forced air ventilation.

[Link] Flow of primary and secondary coolants of machines, semiconductor converters and
transformers having closed cooling method with a heat exchanger.

[Link] Lubricating oil pressure for machines with forced oil lubrication.

[Link] Winding temperature of all propulsion generators and motors and all transformers.

[Link] Leakage of water-air heat exchanger for cooling of machines, semiconductor converters and
transformers.

[Link] Earth leakage for main propulsion circuits.

[Link] Earth leakage for excitation circuits. This may be omitted in circuits of brushless excitation
systems and for machines rated less than 500 kW.

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 DEF STAN 02-607 Issue 3

[Link] Voltage unbalance of three-phase A.C. systems supplied through semiconductor frequency
converters.

[Link] Fuses for filter units, or for other components where fuse failure is not evident, are to be
monitored.

[Link] Alarms caused by the monitoring functions are to be connected to the general engine alarm
system.

[Link] Critical alarms for propulsion are to be relayed to the bridge and displayed with separate
warnings.

9.15 Instruments

9.15.1 The following instruments are required in machinery control rooms and switchboard compartments:

[Link] AC generators: kW-meter.

[Link] Power factor meter or a kVAR-meter.

[Link] For each generator rated above 500 kW a temperature indicator for reading the temperature
of the stator windings.

[Link] DC generator: Field ammeter.

[Link] AC propulsion motors: Ammeter for the main current.

[Link] Synchronous motor: Ammeter for the field current.

[Link] Motor supplied through a semiconductor frequency converter.

[Link] Voltmeter arranged for reading the voltage between all phases.

[Link] Temperature indicator for the stator windings.

[Link] When the rated power of semiconductors is a substantial part of the rated power of the
generators, it should be ensured that the instruments display the true r.m.s. values.

[Link] Temperature indicators may be omitted for winding temperatures that may be displayed on
the alarm system display.

[Link] At each propulsion control stand instruments are to be provided for indication of propeller
speed, direction of rotation for a fixed pitch propeller, or pitch position for a controllable pitch propeller and
visual indication of power limitation including shaft speed, torque, pitch, etc as appropriate.

9.16 Control System Design

Where a computer-based system is part of an essential function, a secondary means of operation is to be

provided by either non-computer based system or by an independent computer based system of appropriate
diversity.

9.17 Additional Requirements for Computer-Based Systems

9.17.1 Storage Devices: The on-line operation of essential functions is not to depend on the operation of
rotating bulk storage devices. This does not exclude the use of such storage devices for maintenance and
back-up purposes.

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DEF STAN 02-607 Issue 3

9.17.2 System Response and Capacity: Systems used for control and monitoring are to provide response
times compatible with the time constants of the prime movers. System capacities are to be sufficient to
provide adequate response times for all functions, taking the maximum load and maximum number of
simultaneous tasks under normal and abnormal conditions.

10 Fire and Ship Safety Systems

10.1 Introduction

This section provides guidance on the design and minimum standards required to meet the requirements for
damage control and fire fighting in a live High Voltage Environment.

10.2 High Voltage System Design and Layout

10.2.1 Fire is an ever-present risk in ships, with the risk being greater in action and during upkeep periods.
As always, prevention is better than cure and in order to achieve fire safety certification the residual risks
must be demonstrated to be as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP). General guidance on safety
management is given in Def Stan 00-56 and JSP430.

10.2.2 The following risk reduction measures must be incorporated during the early design and layout of
high voltage systems to aid damage control and fire fighting as well as maximise operational survivability:

[Link] As far as is reasonably practicable all high voltage equipment must be collocated within
dedicated compartments above the waterline and void of any other equipment or systems other than those
required to directly support the high voltage system.

[Link] Cabinets containing high voltage equipment must be sufficiently well separated to prevent
carry over of damage and arc flame-front from one cabinet to another.

[Link] In order to achieve system redundancy, critical elements of the high voltage system must be
duplicated and located in separate compartments.

[Link] Flame retardant material is to be used for all fittings and systems in high voltage
compartments and cabinets. Auxiliary low voltage systems collocated in high voltage cabinets must be of a
low fire risk.

[Link] Blast routes should be provided for high voltage compartments where it cannot be
demonstrated that the compartment volume is sufficient to absorb the worse case volume expansion
generated by a high voltage arc.

[Link] Dedicated ventilation must be considered for high voltage compartments or precautions taken
to prevent the spread of fire resulting from the effects of a high voltage arc.

[Link] Provision for collective disconnection of high voltage equipment contained within any given
compartment from outside that compartment.

[Link] An appropriate fire and flood detection system (internal flooding danger) must be fitted in all
high voltage compartments so as to provide as early warning of a fire or flood hazard. CCTV or compartment
viewing ports should also be employed.

10.2.3 In addition, the following fire reduction and related safety measures should be incorporated within
the design of individual high voltage equipment:

[Link] Apply strict design standards to comply with the HV fire-fighting policies laid out in BR 2170
chapter 19, which includes the appropriate ingress rating.

[Link] Safety devices such as remote monitoring and arc fault detection.

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 DEF STAN 02-607 Issue 3

[Link] Clear indication of HV equipment state (Breaker Open/Closed, Earth Switch On/Off)

[Link] Clearly identify all high voltage compartments and equipment with distinctly identified and display
Danger of Death signs and High Voltage Signage. High voltage equipment ingress protection and voltage
decay times must be recorded on the equipment and on compartment kill cards. Warning signs should be
clearly visible from the direction of the main access points.

10.3 Ingress Protection

10.3.1 The use of adequate Ingress Protection (IP rating) to prevent water and dust contamination of high
voltage equipment is critical for its safe operation, fire protection and survivability. The following minimum
standards are mandatory and must be adhered to:

[Link] IP56 for all high voltage equipment sited in machinery spaces and those compartments
deemed to be within the red risk zone (below the water line), all other high voltage equipment of a lower IP
rating, such as switchboards must be sited in dedicated high voltage compartments.

[Link] HV Apparatus/Equipment in any HV Compartment should be IP 56 or better where: the loss of

the compartment or the equipment contained therein through Disconnection to conduct an initial aggressive
attack or evacuation through inability to deal with a flood would pose a significant threat to operational
capability.

[Link] No liquid systems must be sited or pass through high voltage compartments containing high
voltage equipment with a ingress protective rating of less then IP56. Where it is necessary to run liquid
cooling systems to high voltage equipment within such compartments, the systems must have welded or
brazed joints. Where this is not feasible, the joints must be shielded so as to ensure that the risk of liquid
contamination to high voltage equipment due to the loss of system integrity is as low as reasonably
practicable.

[Link] Deck head gland openings must not be located directly above high voltage equipment or in a
position that would allow liquid to run along the deck head and drip on to high voltage equipment should the
glands fail.

10.3.2 The system integrator must ensure that final outfit and subsequent modifications of high voltage
equipment does not degrade the factory tested ingress protection rating.

10.4 Fixed Fire-fighting Systems

10.4.1 A fixed fire suppression system should be fitted to all high voltage compartments unless it can be
shown through the fire risk assessment that it is not necessary and that there is sufficient redundancy built
into the system to enable immediate system disconnection in the event of a fire.

10.4.2 The selection of an appropriate fixed fire suppression system must be consistent with the risks
identified within the compartment, taking account of the following:

[Link] The ability to operate the suppression system whilst the high voltage system is live given that
the fire may not be on the high voltage equipment and maintenance of power supply is operationally
desirable.

[Link] Minimise secondary damage to high voltage equipment in order that the equipment can be
recovered and re-energised once the fire has been extinguished.

[Link] Consideration given to the high voltage equipment IP rating:

a) HV Apparatus/Equipment below IP56 in any HV compartment requires that compartment is to have a

fixed gaseous drench system installed.

b) Greater than IP33 and consideration should also be given to high voltage equipment or cabinet based
detection and suppression system.

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DEF STAN 02-607 Issue 3

[Link] The over-pressurisation and purging of high-voltage compartments must be provided without
compromising the rest of the Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system and citadel boundary.

[Link] Centre feed hose reels should only be installed within high voltage compartments where the
high voltage equipment ingress protection is IP56 or above. Fire hydrants should also be fitted in machinery
spaces regardless of the ingress protection rating but should be locally inhibited with a warning sign: “NOT
TO BE USED UNTIL HIGH VOLTAGE DISCONNECTION IS CONFIRMED”.

10.4.3 Manual CO2 injection ports should be fitted to high voltage equipment however they must include a
CO2 diffuser and a robust means of preventing arc products from escaping through the port or have been
type tested with CO2 nozzles fitted at the time of the IAC test and found to be secure. They must also be
located to provide the most effective protection of the equipment including low voltage sub-systems. Manual
CO2 injection ports providing direct access to live high voltage equipment must be clearly marked: “NOT TO
BE USED UNTIL HIGH VOLTAGE DISCONNECTION IS CONFIRMED”. Manual CO2 injection ports fitted
to the low voltage side of high voltage equipment should be clearly marked: “MAY BE USED WHEN LIVE”

10.4.4 Fixed water and AFFF sprays may be fitted within high voltage compartments but must be locally
inhibited and clearly marked: “NOT TO BE USED UNTIL HIGH VOLTAGE DISCONNECTION IS
CONFIRMED”.

10.5 Portable Fire-fighting Equipment

10.5.1 The following portable extinguishers for use in a live high voltage environment:

10.5.2 For compartments containing live high voltage equipment rated below 12kV and where the ingress
protection is greater than IP22:

a) Carbon dioxide extinguishers (NSN: 4210-99-173-0892 / -139-5542) may be used at a safe direction of
live high voltage equipment up to 12 kV.

b) Dry powder extinguishers (NSN: 4210-99-762-739) may be used at a safe direction of live high voltage
equipment up to 12 kV.

10.5.3 For compartments containing live high voltage equipment where the ingress protection is IP56 or
above, the additional extinguisher can be used:

⎯ AFFF fire extinguishers (NSN: 4210-99-781-7028) may be used at a safe direction of live high voltage
equipment (≥IP56) up to 12 kV.

10.5.4 Sufficient, suitably sized CO2 and Dry Powder fire extinguishers must be located inside and at the
access to all high voltage compartments.

10.6 Pumping and Flooding

Adequate consideration is to be given to ensure that the high voltage system is not compromised by minor
flooding, and is commensurate with the survivability of the other critical systems co-located within the same
compartment.

10.7 Containment

10.7.1 Kill cards must identify the high voltage risks adjacent to and within compartments with details of
how to disconnect electrical power as well as the ingress protection rating and decay times associated with
each equipment.

10.7.2 The ability to collectively disconnect electrical power from all high voltage equipment from outside
the compartment is essential. There should also be clear indication both from outside the compartment and
on individual equipment as to whether the equipment is live or at zero charge.

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 DEF STAN 02-607 Issue 3

10.7.3 The decay times for high voltage equipment should be established during set to work or following
any major modifications and where the charge remains above a dangerous level for more than 20 seconds
the decay time should be clearly identified on the equipment. The system designer is to ensure that every
reasonable measure is taken to ensure that decay times are kept as low as reasonably practicable.

10.7.4 A60 thermal boundary protection should be provided in all high voltage compartments.

10.7.5 Where HV Apparatus/Equipment is below IP56 in any Adjacent Compartment (HV) Boundary
Monitoring in lieu of Boundary Cooling is acceptable in that Adjacent Compartment (HV) subject to the
dividing bulkhead being A60. Should it become necessary to use water for cooling then power must be
disconnected and plastic sheeting used to cover the HV equipment.

11 Testing and Trials

11.1 Rotating Machines

For electrical machines the manufacturer is to carry out type tests on a prototype of a machine or the first
batch of machines, and routine test on subsequent machines of a particular type in accordance with Table 1
below. Manufacturers test reports are to give information on make, type, serial No., and insulation class. All
technical data necessary for the application of the machine, and the results of the test required.

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DEF STAN 02-607 Issue 3

Table 1 Testing and Trials

Generators Motors
No. Tests Type Routine Type Routine
Test a Test b Test a Test b
Examination of technical documentation (if appropriate),
1 X X X X
visual inspection and measuring of air gap c
2 Measuring of insulation resistance X X X X
3 Measuring of windings resistance X X X X
A.C. generator, measuring voltage regulation during
4 X X
steady and dynamic loading/unloading.
A.C. generator, measuring of open-circuit voltage
4a X X
characteristics. (No-load curve.)
A.C. generator, measuring of short-circuit characteristics.
4b X X
Short- circuit curve.)
A.C. generator, measuring of excitation current at rated
4c X
voltage, current and power factor.

4d Rated load test and temperature rise measurements X

5 Overload/over-current test (IEC 60034-1/18-19) X X X X

6 Verification of steady short-circuit condition d X
7 Over-speed test (IEC 60034-1/21) X X Xe Xe
8 Dielectric strength (high-voltage test - IEC 60034-1/17) X X X X
9 No load test f X X X X
10 Locked rotor test at rated current g X X
11 Verification of degree of protection (IEC 60092-201/26) X X
12 Verification of bearings i X X X X
a Type tests on a prototype machine or tests on at least the first batch of machines
b The certificates of machines routine tested are to contain the manufacturer's serial number of the machine which has been
type tested and the test result.
c Measuring of air gap only for machines of size 1.5 MVA and above.
d Verification of steady state short-circuit condition applies to synchronous generators only.
e If applicable.
f During the running test, the vibration of the machine and operation of the bearing lubrication system, if appropriate, are to be
checked.
g For AC induction motors only.
h For sleeve bearings only. Routine test upon request.

11.2 Transformers

11.2.1 For new transformers, the manufacturer is to carry out tests as follows:

[Link] Manufacturers test reports are to give information on make, type, serial No., and insulation
class. All technical data necessary for the application of the transformer, and the results of the test required.

[Link] For transformers above 5kVA rating, the following tests are to be completed:

a) Temperature rise test at full load.

b) Applied high voltage test.

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 DEF STAN 02-607 Issue 3

c) Measuring of voltage regulation.

d) Measuring of insulation resistance.

e) Short-circuit test.

NOTE Short circuit test may be difficult to realise on large transformers, due to insufficient test power being
available. In case short circuit is not tested, approval of calculations may be given, if base on
manufacturers proven methods and experience

[Link] For three phase transformers of less than 100kVA rating, and for single-phase transformers of
less than 60 kVA rating, temperature type test will be accepted.

[Link] For transformers of larger ratings, it will be accepted that the temperature test is made on only
one of several indicated transformers, manufactured and tested at the same time for delivery to one
customer. The result of the temperature test, and the serial No. of the temperature-tested transformer, are to
be specified on the test report for the other transformers.

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DEF STAN 02-607 Issue 3

Annex A
Informative References

Def Stan 02-119 Requirements for fire protection and damage control for surface ships and
submarines

Def Stan 02-357 Specification for gaseous fire fighting systems for main machinery spaces.

Def Stan 02-502 Requirements for Electrical Installations

Def Stan 02-512 Guide to Cables, Electrical and Associated Items

Def Stan 02-516 Guide to Lightning Protection in Surface Ships

Def Stan 02-517 Requirements for Cables, Electric

Part 1 Pressure-Tight Ethylene Propylene Rubber (EPR) or Silicone Rubber
Insulated, Chlorosulphonated Polyethylene (CSP), Limited Fire Hazard (LFH)
Sheathed

Def Stan 02-525 Requirements for Electric Cables, Thin-Wall Insulated, Limited Fire Hazard

Def Stan 02-527 Requirements for Cables, Electric, Fire Survival, High Temperature Zones and
Limited Fire Hazard Sheathed

Def Stan 02-530 Requirements for Main and Distribution Switchgear

Def Stan 07-227 Guide to Lightning Protection in Surface Ships (Restricted-Commercial)

Def Stan 61-12 Wires, Cords and Cables, Electrical - Metric Units
Part 31 Limited Fire Hazard

IEC 60060-1 High-voltage test techniques

Part 1 General definitions and test requirements

IEC 60076-1 Power transformers.

Part 1 General

IEC 60092-503 Electrical Installations in Ships

Part 503 Electrical installations in ships, special features, A.C. supply systems
with voltages in the range above 1 kV up to and including 11 kV

IEC 60112 Method for determining the comparative and the proof tracking indices of solid
insulating materials under moist condition.

IEC 60298 High-voltage metal-enclosed switchgear and control gear

IEC 60529 Degrees of Protection provided by enclosures (IP Code) to be included

IEC 62271-200 High-voltage switchgear and control gear

Part 200 AC metal-enclosed switchgear and control gear for rated voltages above
1 kV and up to and including 52 kV

18
Inside rear Cover
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File Reference
The DStan file reference relating to work on this standard is D/DStan/69/02/607.

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Revision of Defence Standards

Defence Standards are revised as necessary by an up issue or amendment. It is important that users
of Defence Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest issue or amendment.
Information on all Defence Standards can be found on the DStan Website [Link],
updated weekly and supplemented regularly by Standards in Defence News (SID News). Any person
who, when making use of a Defence Standard encounters an inaccuracy or ambiguity is encouraged
to notify UK Defence Standardization (DStan) without delay in order that the matter may be
investigated and appropriate action taken. Sponsors and authors shall refer to Def Stan 00-00 part 2
before proceeding with any standards work.