NAME : ……………………………………………………….

CLASS: ……………………………………………………….

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PAPER 3: EXPERIMENT MODULE
SPM 2019
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Form Topics Experiment Page Remark

Q1 F4 Chapter 1 Introduction To Physics Swing Of Pendulum Bob 1

Q2 F4 Chapter 2 Forces And Motion Height With Acceleration 3
Q3 F4 Chapter 2 Forces And Motion Mass With Acceleration 5
Q4 F4 Chapter 2 Forces And Motion Force With Acceleration 7
Q5 F4 Chapter 2 Forces And Motion Inertia 9
Q6 F4 Chapter 2 Forces And Motion Gravity 11
Q7 F4 Chapter 3 Forces And Pressure Hooke’s law 13
Q8 F4 Chapter 3 Forces And Pressure Depth with water pressure 15
Q9 F4 Chapter 3 Forces And Pressure Density with water pressure 17
Q10 F4 Chapter 3 Forces And Pressure Weight of water displaced with load immersed 19
Q11 F4 Chapter 3 Forces And Pressure Mass with depth sank 21
Q12 F4 Chapter 3 Forces And Pressure Archimedes’ principle 23
Q13 F4 Chapter 3 Forces And Pressure Bernoulli’s principle 25
Q14 F4 Chapter 4 Heat Boiling time with mass of water 27
Q15 F4 Chapter 4 Heat Boyle’s law 29
Q16 F4 Chapter 4 Heat Charles’ law 31
Q17 F4 Chapter 4 Heat Pressure law 33
Q18 F4 Chapter 4 Light Refractive index of glass 35
Q19 F4 Chapter 4 Light Real depth and apparent depth 37
Q20 F4 Chapter 4 Light Object distance with size of image 39
Q21 F5 Chapter 1 Waves Depth of water with wavelength 41
Q22 F5 Chapter 1 Waves Young’s double-slit experiment 43
Q23 F5 Chapter 1 Waves Sound wave 45
Q24 F5 Chapter 2 Electricity Ohm’s law: Length with resistance 47
Q25 F5 Chapter 2 Electricity Ohm’s law: Diameter with resistance 49
Q26 F5 Chapter 2 Electricity Ohm’s law: Temperature with resistance 51
Q27 F5 Chapter 3 Electromagnetism Number of turns with strength of magnet 53
Q27 F5 Chapter 3 Electromagnetism Current with strength of magnet 55
Q27 F5 Chapter 3 Electromagnetism Number of turns with induced current 57
Q27 F5 Chapter 3 Electromagnetism Current with magnetic force 59
Q27 F5 Chapter 3 Electromagnetism Transformer 61

1
 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS

1 Experiment: Swing of Pendulum Bob

Diagram 1 shows two similar hanging lamps with different length of thread. When there is a wind blow,
it is observed that the hanging lamp with longer thread will swing for longer time.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan dua lampu tergantung dengan panjang tali berlainan. Apabila ada angin bertiup, ia akan
diperhatikan bahawa lampu tergantung dengan tali yang lebih panjang akan berayun lebih lama.

String
Hanging lamp Tali
Lampu tergantung

Swing
Berayun
Diagram 1 / Rajah 1
Based on the information and observation:
Berdasarkan maklumat dan pemerhatian itu:
(a) State one suitable inference. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai.
(b) State one appropriate hypothesis that could be investigated. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai untuk disiasat.
(c) With the use of apparatus such as pendulum bob, thread, stopwatch, and other apparatus, describe
one experiment to investigate the hypothesis stated in 1(b).
Dengan menggunakan radas seperti bandul, benang, jam randik dan lain-lain radas, perihalkan satu
eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di 1(b).
In your description, state clearly the following;
Dalam penerangan anda, nyatakan dengan jelas perkara berikut :
(i) The aim of the experiment.
Tujuan eksperimen.
(ii) The variables in the experiment.
Pemboleh ubah dalam eksperimen.
(iii) The list of apparatus and materials.
Senarai radas dan bahan.
(iv) The arrangement of the apparatus.
Susunan radas
(v) The procedure of the experiment which include one method of controlling the manipulated
variable and one method of measuring the responding variable.
Prosedur eksperimen termasuk satu kaedah mengawal pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan dan satu
kaedah mengukur pemboleh ubah bergerak balas.
(vi) The way to tabulate the data.
Cara untuk menjadualkan data.
(vii The way to analyse the data. [10 marks / markah]
) Cara untuk menganalisis data.

2
Answer
1 (a) Longer length of thread affects the swinging time of hanging lamp.
(b) Longer the length of thread, longer the swinging time
(c) (i) To study the relationship between the length of thread with the period of swing of the
pendulum
(ii) Manipulated Variable: length of thread
Responding Variable: period of swing of the pendulum
Constant Variable: angle of the swing / mass of pendulum bob
(iii) Apparatus: retort stand, pendulum bob, stopwatch, 2 wooden pieces
Material: thread
(iv) Wooden block

Retort l Thread
stand Pendulum bob
P Q R

Operational definition
-The length of thread is measured by metre rule
-The time for 20 swings (one swing is PQRQP) is recorded using stopwatch
(v) The experiment is started with the length of thread, l = 60.0 cm with the pendulum is
displaced to position P with small angle and then release. The pendulum is let to swing for a
while before starting to count for 20 swings. The time for 20 swings, T20 is recorded.

The experiment is then repeated with the length of thread, l = 70.0 cm, 80.0 cm, 90.0 cm and
100.0 cm and the respective values of time, t20, are recorded.

(vi) l / cm Time for 20 swings T/s T2 / s2

t20 / s (T = t20 ÷ 20)
60
70
80
90
100
(vii A graph of T2 / s2 against the l / cm is plotted.
)

3
 CHAPTER 2 FORCES AND MOTION

2 Experiment: Height with acceleration of trolley

Diagram 2.1 shows a cyclist rolls down from a hill. Diagram 2.2 shows the same cyclist but rolls down
from a deeper hill and he found that the bicycle rolled down at higher acceleration.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan seorang pengayuh basikal yang bergerak menuruni suatu bukit. Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan
pengayuh basikal yang sama tapi menuruni bukit yang lebih cerun dan dia mendapati bahawa basikal itu turun
dengan pecutan yang lebih tinggi.

Diagram 2.1 / Rajah 2.1 Diagram 2.2 / Rajah 2.2

Based on the observation above:
Berdasarkan pada pemerhatian di atas:
(a) State one suitable inference. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai.
(b) State one appropriate hypothesis that could be investigated. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai untuk disiasat.
(c) With the use of apparatus such as power supply, runway, ticker timer and other apparatus, describe
one experiment to investigate the hypothesis stated in 2(b).
Dengan menggunakan radas seperti bekalan kuasa, landasan, jangka masa detik dan lain-lain radas,
perihalkan satu eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di 2(b).
In your description, state clearly the following;
Dalam penerangan anda, nyatakan dengan jelas perkara berikut :
(i) The aim of the experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
(ii) The variables in the experiment
Pemboleh ubah dalam eksperimen
(iii) The list of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan
(iv) The arrangement of the apparatus
Susunan radas
(v) The procedures of the experiment which include one method of controlling the manipulated
variable and one method of measuring the responding variable
Prosedur eksperimen termasuk satu kaedah mengawal pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan dan satu
kaedah mengukur pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
(vi) The way to tabulate the data
Cara untuk menjadualkan data
(vii) The way to analyse the data [10 marks / markah]
Cara untuk menganalisi data

4
Answer
2 (a) The height of car down a hill affects its acceleration.
(b) When the height increases, the acceleration of the car increases also.
(i) To study the relationship between the height of trolley released with its acceleration
(ii) Manipulated Variable: Height of trolley released
Responding Variable: Acceleration of trolley
Constant Variable: Mass of trolley
(iii) Apparatus: Runway, trolley, 12 V a.c power supply, connecting wires, ticker timer,
wooden blocks, metre rule
Material: ticker tape, cellophane, wooden blocks (5 units)
(iv) Ticker timer To 12V a.c. Stretched elastic string
Jangka masa detik Kepada 12 a.u Tali elastik teregang
Friction-compensate runway
Ticker tape Landasan terpampas geseran
Pita detik Trolley
Wooden block Troli
Bongkah kayu

Operational definition
-The trolley is rolled down the runway under a constant force using one elastic rubber cord.
-The height of trolley released is increased by increasing the wooden block used
-The acceleration of the trolley is calculated from the 10-tick ticker tape using formula:
v−u Distance of last tick Distance of first tick
a= where v = and u =
0.2 0.02 0.02
(v) A ticker tape is attached to a trolley and passed through a ticker‐timer connected to a 12 V
a.c. power supply.
The trolley is placed just above the wooden block from the table top. The height, h1 is
measured from the height of wooden block by using a ruler.
The experiment is started by pulling down the trolley using one elastic cord under a constant
force. The velocity of the trolley at the bottom of the runway is determined from ticker tape
obtained.
The experiment repeated with 2, 3, 4 and 5 units of wooden block with corresponding of h2,
h3, h4 and h5 are measured.
The ticker tape obtained is cut into 10-ticks. Beginning few and last few ticks are ignored.
Acceleration, a = (v – u)/0.2
Initial velocity, u = (length of 1st tick/0.02)
Final velocity, v = (length of 10th tick/0.02)
(vi) h / cm a / ms-2
h1
h2
h3
h4
h5
(vii A graph of a / ms-2 against the h / cm is plotted.
)

5
3 Experiment: Mass With Acceleration
Diagram 3.1 shows a towing car pulling a car. The car is attached to the towing car with a locking
mechanism. The towing car engine is exerting a constant force that causes the towing car and the car to
accelerate together.
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan sebuah kereta penarik menarik sebuah kereta. Kereta itu dilekatkan kepada kereta
penarik dengan suatu mekanisma kunci. Enjin kereta penarik mengenakan satu daya yang tetap menyebabkan
kereta penarik dan kereta bersama-sama mengalami pecutan yang sama.
Diagram 3.2 shows what happens when the locking mechanism fails and the car is dislodged. The
towing car lurches forward with an increased acceleration on its own.
Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan perkara yang berlaku apabila mekanisma kunci gagal berfungsi dan car terpisah. Kereta
penarik bergerak ke hadapan dengan suatu pecutan yang meningkat.

Diagram 3.1 / Rajah 3.1 Diagram 3.1 / Rajah 3.2

Based on the observation above:
Berdasarkan pada pemerhatian di atas:
(a) State one suitable inference. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai.
(b) State one appropriate hypothesis that could be investigated. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai untuk disiasat.
(c) With the use of apparatus such as power supply, runway, ticker timer and other apparatus, describe
one experiment to investigate the hypothesis stated in 3(b).
Dengan menggunakan radas seperti bekalan kuasa, landasan, jangka masa detik dan lain-lain radas,
perihalkan satu eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di 3(b).
In your description, state clearly the following;
Dalam penerangan anda, nyatakan dengan jelas perkara berikut :
(i) The aim of the experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
(ii) The variables in the experiment
Pemboleh ubah dalam eksperimen
(iii) The list of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan
(iv) The arrangement of the apparatus
Susunan radas
(v) The procedures of the experiment which include one method of controlling the manipulated
variable and one method of measuring the responding variable
Prosedur eksperimen termasuk satu kaedah mengawal pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan dan satu
kaedah mengukur pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
(vi) The way to tabulate the data
Cara untuk menjadualkan data
(vii The way to analyse the data [10 marks / markah]
) Cara untuk menganalisi data
6
Answer
3 (a) The mass of car affects its acceleration.
(b) The lower the mass of car, the higher its acceleration.
(i) To investigate the relationship between the mass of car and the acceleration at constant force
applied
(ii) Manipulated variable: Mass
Responding variable: Acceleration
Constant variable: Force applied
(iii) Apparatus: trolley, ticker timer, power supply 12V, runway, connecting wire
Materials: ticker tape, elastic cord
(iv)

Operational definition
-The mass of trolley is varied by sticking plasticine on it and measured using weighing
balance
-The acceleration of trolley is analysed from the ticker tape obtained from ticker timer.
The ticker tape is cut into 10-tick strip and calculated using a = (v – u)/t
(v) The arrangement of apparatus as shown above diagram is set up. The plasticine is attached
to the trolley until the total mass of trolley and plasticine is 1 kg.
Ticker timer is turned on and the trolley of mass, m = 1 kg is pulled down the runway using
an elastic cord at the same pulling force applied to it.
The acceleration of the trolley is calculated by analyzing the ticker tape containing 10 ticks
v−u
strip using a formula a = . The initial velocity, u = (Length of first tick) ÷ 0.02 and the
t
final velocity, v = (Length of last tick) ÷ 0.02
The experiment is repeated with the mass of trolley, m = 1.5 kg, 2.0 kg, 2.5 kg, 3.0 kg.
The mass of trolley is increased by sticking the plasticine to it and measured using weighing
balance.
(vi) m / kg a / ms-2
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
(vii Plot a graph of a / ms-2 against m / kg
)

7
4 Experiment: Force With Acceleration
Diagram 4.1 shows a moving car with certain velocity. The car is then pushed by a man and moves at a
faster velocity.
Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan sebuah kereta yang bergerak dengan suatu halaju. Kereta itu kemudian ditolak oleh
seorang lelaki dan ia bergerak denganhalaju yang bertambah.

Diagram 4.1 / Rajah 4.1 Diagram 4.1 / Rajah 4.2

Based on the observation above:
Berdasarkan pada pemerhatian di atas:
(a) State one suitable inference. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai.
(b) State one appropriate hypothesis that could be investigated. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai untuk disiasat.
(c) With the use of apparatus such as power supply, runway, ticker timer and other apparatus, describe
one experiment to investigate the hypothesis stated in 4(b).
Dengan menggunakan radas seperti bekalan kuasa, landasan, jangka masa detik dan lain-lain radas,
perihalkan satu eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di 4(b).
In your description, state clearly the following;
Dalam penerangan anda, nyatakan dengan jelas perkara berikut :
(i) The aim of the experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
(ii) The variables in the experiment
Pemboleh ubah dalam eksperimen
(iii) The list of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan
(iv) The arrangement of the apparatus
Susunan radas
(v) The procedures of the experiment which include one method of controlling the manipulated
variable and one method of measuring the responding variable
Prosedur eksperimen termasuk satu kaedah mengawal pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan dan satu
kaedah mengukur pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
(vi) The way to tabulate the data
Cara untuk menjadualkan data
(vii The way to analyse the data [10 marks / markah]
) Cara untuk menganalisi data

8
Answer
4 (a) The pushing force affects its acceleration.
(b) The higher the pushing force, the higher its acceleration.
(c) (i) To investigate the relationship between the pulling force with the acceleration of trolley at
constant height of trolley released
(ii) Manipulated variable: Pulling force
Responding variable: Acceleration
Constant variable: Height of trolley released
(iii) Apparatus: trolley, ticker timer, power supply 12V, runway, connecting wire
Materials: ticker tape, elastic cord
(iv)

Operational definition
-The pulling force to the trolley is determined by the number of elastic cord used whereby
one elastic cord represents one unit of force.
-The acceleration of trolley is analysed from the ticker tape obtained from ticker timer.
v−u
The ticker tape is cut into 10-tick strip and calculated using a =
t
(v) The arrangement of apparatus as shown in diagram is set up. The trolley is pulled to roll
down the runway under a constant force applied to the elastic cord whereby one elastic cord
represents one unit of force, F = 1 N.
Ticker timer is turned on and the trolley pulled down the runway using one elastic cord at
the same pulling force applied to it. The pulling force, F = 1 N.
The acceleration of the trolley is calculated by analyzing the ticker tape containing 10 ticks
v−u
strip using a formula a = . The initial velocity, u = (Length of first tick) ÷ 0.02 and the
t
final velocity, v = (Length of last tick) ÷ 0.02
The experiment is repeated by adding the elastic cord, F = 2 N, 3 N, 4 N and 5 N.
The respective acceleration, a, is calculated.
(vi) F/N a / ms-2
1
2
3
4
5
(vii Plot a graph of a / ms-2 against F / N is plotted
)

9
5 Experiment: Inertia
Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2 show the oscillation of two similar dolls in a fixed time. The dolls in
Diagram 5.1 and 5.2 have a mass of 0.4 kg and 0.2 kg respectively at their bases. It is found that the
period of oscillation in Diagram 5.1 is longer compared to Diagram 5.2.
Rajah 5.1 dan Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan ayunan untuk dua patung yang serupa dalam suatu masa tetap. Patung-
patung dalam Rajah 5.1 dan 5.2 mempunyai jisim 0.4 kg dan 0.2 kg masing-masing pada tapak mereka. Didapati
bahawa tempoh ayunan di Rajah 5.1 adalah lebih lama berbanding Rajah 5.2.

Diagram 5.1 / Rajah 5.1 Diagram 5.2 / Rajah 5.2

Based on the information and observation above:
Berdasarkan maklumat dan pemerhatian di atas:
(a) State one suitable inference. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai.
(b) State one hypothesis that can be investigated. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang boleh disiasat.
(c) With the use of apparatus such as jigsaw blade, stop watch, G-clamp, suitably weighted plasticine
balls and other apparatus, describe an experiment to investigate the hypothesis stated in 5(b).
In your description, state clearly the following:
Dengan menggunakan radas seperti bilah gergaji logam, jam randik, pengapit-G, plastisin dengan berat
yang sesuai dan radas lain, terangkan satu eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di 5(b).
Dalam penerangan anda, jelaskan perkara yang berikut:
(i) The aim of the experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
(ii) The variables in the experiment
Pemboleh ubah dalam eksperimen
(iii) The list of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan
(iv) The arrangement of the apparatus
Susunan radas
(v) The procedures of the experiment which include one method of controlling the manipulated
variable and one method of measuring the responding variable
Prosedur eksperimen termasuk satu kaedah mengawal pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan dan satu
kaedah mengukur pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
(vi) The way to tabulate the data
Cara untuk menjadualkan data
10
 (vii The way to analyse the data [10 marks / markah]
) Cara untuk menganalisi data
Answer
5 (a) The mass affect the period of swing.
(b) Higher the mass, higher the period of swing
(i) To study the relationship between mass and inertia of an object
(ii) Manipulated variable: Mass of plasticine
Responding variable: Period of oscillation
Constant variable: length of the Hacksaw/ amplitude of oscillation
(iii) Apparatus: Hacksaw blade, G-clamp, stopwatch
Materials: Plasticine
(iv)

Operational definition:
-The mass of plasticine is measured using weighing balance
-The inertia of object is determined by measuring the time taken for 20 swings is recorded
using stopwatch
(v) Place a lump of plasticine (sphere-shaped) with a mass, m = 50 g at the free end of the
hacksaw blade.
Displace the Hacksaw blade slightly and release it so that it oscillates horizontally.
Determine and record the time taken for 20 complete oscillation, t seconds.
t
Calculate period of oscillation, T = seconds. Repeat the reading for second times.
20
Repeat the above steps of the experiment with m = 60 g, 70 g, 80 g and 90 g.
(vi) Time for 20 oscillation, t / s T /s T 2 /s 2
m/g t1 t2 Average, t / s [T = t /10]
50        
60        
70        
80        
90        
(vii) A graph of T2 / s2 against the m / g is plotted.

11
6 Experiment: Gravity
Diagram 6 shows three objects of different masses which are dropped from the same height.
Rajah 6 menunjukkan tiga objek yang berlainan jisim dijatuhkan dari ketinggian yang sama.

Diagram 6 / Rajah 6
It is found that all the three objects are at the same position at any time before they reach the ground.
Didapati bahawa ketiga-tiga objek itu pada kedudukan yang sama pada sebarang masa sebelum mereka
mencapai tanah.
Based on the observation above:
Berdasarkan pada pemerhatian di atas:
(a) State one suitable inference. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai.
(b) State one appropriate hypothesis that could be investigated. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai untuk disiasat.
(c) With the use of apparatus such as power supply, slotted mass, ticker timer and other apparatus,
describe one experiment to investigate the hypothesis stated in 6(b).
Dengan menggunakan radas seperti bekalan kuasa, plastisin, jangka masa detik dan lain-lain radas,
perihalkan satu eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di 6(b).
In your description, state clearly the following;
Dalam penerangan anda, nyatakan dengan jelas perkara berikut:
(i) The aim of the experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
(ii) The variables in the experiment
Pemboleh ubah dalam eksperimen
(iii) The list of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan
(iv) The arrangement of the apparatus
Susunan radas
(v) The procedures of the experiment which include one method of controlling the manipulated
variable and one method of measuring the responding variable
Prosedur eksperimen termasuk satu kaedah mengawal pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan dan satu
kaedah mengukur pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
(vi) The way to tabulate the data
Cara untuk menjadualkan data

12
 (vii The way to analyse the data [10 marks / markah]
) Cara untuk menganalisi data

Answer
6 (a) The mass of object does not affect the gravitational acceleration.
(b) The higher the mass of object, the gravitational acceleration remains constant.
(c) (i) To investigate the relationship between the mass of object with the gravitational acceleration
at constant height of object being released
(ii) Manipulated variable: mass of object
Responding variable: gravitational acceleration
Constant variable: Height of object released
(iii) Apparatus: ticker timer, power supply 12V, runway, connecting wire
Materials: ticker tape, slotted mass
(iv)

Operational definition
-The gravity value is equal to the acceleration of slotted mass dropped.
(v) The arrangement of apparatus as shown in diagram is set up. The slotted mass, m = 50 g is
attached to the ticker tape which is passing through the ticker timer connected to 12 V a.c.
power supply.
The acceleration of the slotted mass dropped is calculated by analyzing the ticker tape
v−u
containing 10 ticks strip using a formula a = . The initial velocity, u = (Length of first
t
tick) ÷ 0.02 and the final velocity, v = (Length of last tick) ÷ 0.02
The experiment is repeated with the slotted mass, m = 100 g, 150 g, 200 g and 250 g. The
respective acceleration, a, is calculated.
(vi) m/g a / ms-2
50
100
150
200
250
(vii Plot a graph of a / ms-2 against m / g
)

13
7 Experiment: Hooke’s law
Diagram 7.1 shows a cradle with a baby in it. It is observed that the extension of spring is short.
Diagram 7.2 shows another identical cradle with a heavier baby in it is. It is observed that the spring has
extended longer.
Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan satu buaian dengan seorang bayi di dalamnya. Didapati bahawa pemanjangan spring itu
adalah pendek. Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan satu lagi buaian serupa dengan bayi yang lebih berat di dalamnya.
Didapati bahawa springnya telah memanjang dengan lebih panjang.

Spring cradle
Spring buaian

2-month old baby 10-month old baby

Bayi dua bulan Bayi sepuluh bulan

Diagram 7.1 / Rajah 7.1 Diagram 7.2 / Rajah 7.2

Based on the information and observation above:
Berdasarkan maklumat dan pemerhatian di atas:
(a) State one suitable inference. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai.
(b) State one hypothesis that can be investigated. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang boleh disiasat.
(c) With the use of apparatus such as spring, metre rule and other apparatus, describe an experiment
framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in 7(b).
In your description, state clearly the following:
Dengan menggunakan radas seperti spring, pembaris meter dan radas lain, gambarkan satu rangka
eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis seperti dinyatakan di 7(b).
Dalam deskripsi anda, nyatakan dengan jelas perkara berikut:
(i) Aim of the experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
(ii) Variables in the experiment
Pembolehubah-pembolehubah dalam eksperimen
(iii) List of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan
(iv) Arrangement of the apparatus
Susunan radas
(v) The procedures of the experiment include the method of controlling the manipulated
variable and the method of measuring the responding variable
14
 Prosedur-prosedur eksperimen termasuk kaedah mengawal pembolehubah dimanipulasikan dan
kaedah mengukur pembolehubah bergerak balas
(vi) The way you would tabulate the data
Cara bagaimana anda menjadualkan data
(vii The way you would analyse the data
) Cara bagaimana anda menganalisis data [12 marks / markah]

Answer
7 (a) The mass of load affects the extension of a spring
(b) Higher the mass of load, higher the extension of spring
(c) (i) To investigate the relationship between the mass of load with the extension of spring
(ii) Variables: Manipulated – Mass of load
Responding – Extension of spring
Constant – Diameter of spring
(iii) List of Apparatus and Materials: Retort stand, spring, slotted mass 100g (5 units), metre rule,
spring, hanger, pin indicator
(iv) Arrangement of Apparatus and Materials

Operational definition
The extension of spring due to the slotted mass is measured using the metre rule.
(v) The experiment is started with the mass of slotted weight, m = 100 g and the extension of the
spring, x, is measured using the metre rule.
The extension of spring, x = (New length – Original length)
The above procedure is repeated with the mass of slotted weight, m = 200g, 300g, 400g and
500 g and the respective extension of spring, x, are measured.
(vi) Original length of spring, xo = 15.0 cm
m/g x / cm
100
200
300
400
500
(vii A graph of x / cm against the m / g is plotted
)

15
 CHAPTER 3 FORCES AND PRESSURE

8 Experiment: Pressure With Depth for water

Diagram 8 shows the condition of the water being spurt out from eureka can.
Rajah 8 menunjukkan keadaan air yang terpancut keluar daripada tin eureka .

Diagram 8 / Rajah 8
Based on the information and observation above:
Berdasarkan maklumat dan pemerhatian di atas:
(a) State one suitable inference. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai.
(b) State one appropriate hypothesis that could be investigated. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai untuk disiasat.
(c) With the use of apparatus such as thistle funnel, metre rule, tall beaker and other apparatus,
describe one experiment to investigate the hypothesis stated in 8(b).
Dengan menggunakan radas seperti corong tisel, pembaris meter, bikar tinggi dan lain-lain radas,
perihalkan satu eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di 8(b).
In your description, state clearly the following:
Dalam penerangan anda, nyatakan dengan jelas perkara berikut:
(i) The aim of the experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
(ii) The variables in the experiment
Pemboleh ubah dalam eksperimen
(iii) The list of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan
(iv) The arrangement of the apparatus
Susunan radas
(v) The procedures of the experiment which include one method of controlling the manipulated

16
 variable and one method of measuring the responding variable
Prosedur eksperimen termasuk satu kaedah mengawal pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan dan satu
kaedah mengukur pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
(vi) The way to tabulate the data
Cara untuk menjadualkan data
(vii) The way to analyse the data [10 marks / markah]
Cara untuk menganalisi data
Answer
8 (a) The water pressure is influenced by its depth.
(b) Higher the depth, higher its water pressure.
(c) (i) To find the relationship between the depth with the water pressure
(ii) Manipulated Variable: depth
Responding Variable: water pressure
Constant Variable: density of water
(iii) Apparatus: Metre rule, manometer, water, rubber tube, measuring cylinder, thistle funnel,
rubber sheet
Materials: water
(iv) Rubber tube
Tiub getah
Metre rule
Pembaris meter

Water
Air
Depth of water Different high
Kedalaman air Perbezaan ketinggian

Thistle funnel U-tube

Corong tisel Tiub-U

Operational Definitions:
-The depth of thistle funnel immersed is measured using metre rule
-The water pressure is measured from difference height between the column of water in
manometer measured using metre rule
(v) The experiment is started by immersing the thistle funnel to the depth, d = 2.0 cm. The
reading of difference in height of water column, h, of the manometer is measured using
metre rule.
The procedure is repeated with the depth, d = 2.0 cm, 4.0 cm, 6.0 cm and 8.0 cm and the
respective reading of the manometer, h, are measured respectively from metre rule.
(vi) d / cm h / cm
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
(vii) A graph of h / cm column against d / cm is plotted.

17
 Note:
Can use the diagram given in question as the experiment
MV: Depth of water
RV: Horizontal distance through which water spurts
CV: Density of water

9 Experiment: Density of water with pressure of water

Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 shows the condition of two similar ships being sank at different types of
water. Both the ships carry the same load.
Rajah 9.1 dan Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan keadaan dua kapal serupa yang tenggelam pada dua jenis air yang
berlainan. Kedua-dua kapal itu membawa muatan yang sama.

Diagram 9.1 / Rajah 9.1 Diagram 9.2 / Rajah 9.2

Based on information and observation:
Berdasarkan pada maklumat dan pemerhatian:
(a) State one suitable inference. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai.
(b) State one appropriate hypothesis that could be investigated. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai untuk disiasat.
(c) With the use of apparatus such as thistle funnel, metre rule, tall beaker and other apparatus,
describe one experiment to investigate the hypothesis stated in 9(b).
Dengan menggunakan radas seperti corong tisel, pembaris meter, bikar tinggi dan lain-lain radas,
perihalkan satu eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di 9(b).
In your description, state clearly the following;
Dalam penerangan anda, nyatakan dengan jelas perkara berikut:
(i) The aim of the experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
(ii) The variables in the experiment
Pemboleh ubah dalam eksperimen
(iii) The list of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan
(iv) The arrangement of the apparatus
Susunan radas
18
 (v) The procedures of the experiment which include one method of controlling the manipulated
variable and one method of measuring the responding variable
Prosedur eksperimen termasuk satu kaedah mengawal pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan dan satu
kaedah mengukur pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
(vi) The way to tabulate the data
Cara untuk menjadualkan data
(vii) The way to analyse the data [10 marks / markah]
Cara untuk menganalisi data

Answer
9 (a) The water pressure is influenced by the density of water
(b) When the density of water increases, its water pressure increases also
(c) (i) To find the relationship between the density of liquid with the water pressure
(ii) Manipulated Variable: density of water
Responding Variable: water pressure
Constant Variable: depth of thistle funnel immersed
(iii) Apparatus: Metre rule, manometer, water, rubber tube, measuring cylinder, thistle funnel,
rubber sheet
Materials: water, salts
(iv) Rubber tube
Tiub getah
Metre rule
Pembaris meter

Water
Air
Depth of water Different high
Kedalaman air Perbezaan ketinggian

Thistle funnel U-tube

Corong tisel Tiub-U

Operational Definitions:
-The depth of thistle funnel is fixed at 10cm.
-The water pressure is measured from difference height between the column of water in
manometer measured using metre rule
-Density of water is determined from the mass of salts dissolved
(v) The experiment is started by dissolving 200 g of salt into the water with fixed volume of V.
The thistle funnel immersed into the water to depth 10 cm. The reading of difference in
height of water column, h, of the manometer is recorded.
The procedure is repeated with the amount of salt dissolved of 400g, 600g, 800g and 1000g
and the respective reading of the manometer are read respectively from metre rule.
(vi) m/g h / cm
200
400
600
800
1000
19
 (vii A graph of h / cm against m / g is plotted.
)

10 Experiment: Weight of object immersed with weight of water displaced

Diagram 10.1 shows a fisherman starting his fishing journey in the morning. Diagram 10.2 shows the
fisherman returning with a boat loaded with fish. The boat displaces more water and sinks deeper into
the water.
Rajah 10.1 menunjukkan seorang nelayan bermula perjalanannya pada waktu pagi. Rajah 10.2 menunjukkan
nelayan itu balik dengan perahunya dimuat penuh dengan ikan-ikan. Perahu itu menyesarkan lebih banyak air
dan tenggelam lebih ke dalam air.

Diagram 10.1 / Rajah 10.1 Diagram 10.2 / Rajah 10.2

Based on your observation above;
Berdasarkan pada pemerhatian anda di atas;
(a) State one suitable inference. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai.
(b) State one appropriate hypothesis that could be investigated. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai untuk disiasat.
(c) With the use of apparatus such as eureka can, spring balance and other apparatus, describe one
experiment to investigate the hypothesis stated in 10(b).
Dengan menggunakan radas seperti tin eureka, inersia spring dan lain-lain radas, perihalkan satu
eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di 10(b).
In your description, state clearly the following;
Dalam penerangan anda, nyatakan dengan jelas perkara berikut :
(i) The aim of the experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
(ii) The variables in the experiment
Pemboleh ubah dalam eksperimen
(iii) The list of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan
(iv) The arrangement of the apparatus
20
 Susunan radas
(v) The procedures of the experiment which include one method of controlling the manipulated
variable and one method of measuring the responding variable
Prosedur eksperimen termasuk satu kaedah mengawal pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan dan satu
kaedah mengukur pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
(vi) The way to tabulate the data
Cara untuk menjadualkan data
(vii The way to analyse the data [10 marks / markah]
) Cara untuk menganalisi data

Answer
10 (a) The weight of object affects the weight of water being displaced
(b) When the weight of object increases, its weight of water being displaced increases also
(i) To find the relationship between the weight of object with the weight of water displaced
(ii) Manipulated Variable: weight of object
Responding Variable: buoyant force (decrease in spring balance reading)
Constant Variable: density of water
(iii) Apparatus: spring balance, beaker, eureka tin, weighing balance
Materials: string, tap water
(iv) Spring balance
Eureka can
Tap water Beaker
Wooden block Weighing balance
Operational definition
-The weight of load is measured using spring balance
-The weight of water displaced is measured using weighing balance
(v) The experiment is started by immersing the load of weight, W1 and the weight of water
displaced can be are measured from the changes in reading of spring balance, F.
The experiment is then repeated by immersing weight of load, W2 , W3, W4 and W5 and the
respective changes in the reading of weighing balance, F are recorded.
(vi) W/N F/N
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5
(vii) A graph of F / N against the W / N is plotted.

21
11 Experiment: Mass with depth sank
Diagram 11 shows the condition of two footprints in the sand of two people walking along the beach.
The footprints sink deeper by a heavier people.
Rajah 11 menunjukkan keadaan tapak kaki pada pasir oleh dua orang yang berjalan sepanjang suatu pantai.
Tapak kaki adalah lebih dalam oleh orang yang lebih berat.

Diagram 11 / Rajah 11
Based on your observation above;
Berdasarkan pada pemerhatian anda di atas;
(a) State one suitable inference. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai.
(b) State one appropriate hypothesis that could be investigated. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai untuk disiasat.
(c) With the use of apparatus such as plasticine, metre rule and other apparatus, describe one
experiment to investigate the hypothesis stated in 11(b).
Dengan menggunakan radas seperti plastisin, pembaris meter dan lain-lain radas, perihalkan satu
eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di 11(b).
In your description, state clearly the following;
Dalam penerangan anda, nyatakan dengan jelas perkara berikut :
(i) The aim of the experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
(ii) The variables in the experiment
Pemboleh ubah dalam eksperimen
22
 (iii) The list of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan
(iv) The arrangement of the apparatus
Susunan radas
(v) The procedures of the experiment which include one method of controlling the manipulated
variable and one method of measuring the responding variable
Prosedur eksperimen termasuk satu kaedah mengawal pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan dan satu
kaedah mengukur pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
(vi) The way to tabulate the data
Cara untuk menjadualkan data
(vii The way to analyse the data [10 marks / markah]
) Cara untuk menganalisi data

Answer
11 (a) The depth sank depends on the mass of load exerts on it.
(b) The higher the mass of load, the higher the depth sank.
(c) (i) To investigate the relationship between the mass and the depth of plasticine sank.
(ii) Manipulated variable: mass of load
Responding variable: depth of plasticine sank
Constant variable : height of load released
(iii) Apparatus and materials:
Plasticine, metre rule, slotted mass 50g (5 units)
(iv)

Operational definition
Both the height of load released and the depth sank are measured using metre rule
(v) Controlling the manipulated variables:
1- The load, m = 50 g is released from a constant height, ho cm.
Measuring the responding variables:
2- The pressure to the plasticine is measured by measuring the depth of plasticine
sank, d, using metre rule.
Repeating experiment:
3- Procedures 2 and 3 are repeated for m = 100.0 g, 150.0 g, 150.0 g and 200.0 g
4- The readings are tabulated
(vi) m/g d / cm
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
(vii) A graph of d / cm against the m / g is plotted.

23
12 Experiment: Archimedes’ principle
A man who is fishing, pulled out a fish out of the water as shown in Diagram 12.1. It becomes more
difficult to pull out the fish out of the water surface and the rod is getting bender in Diagram 12.2.
Seorang lelaki yang sedang memancing menarik seekor ikan keluar daripada air seperti ditunjukkan dalam
Rajah 12.1. Ia akan menjadi lebih susah menarik ikan keluar daripada permukaan air dan rod itu menjadi lebih
bengkok seperti dalam Rajah 12.2.

Diagram 12.1 / Rajah 12.1 Diagram 12.2 / Rajah 12.2

Based on the information and observation:
Berdasarkan maklumat dan pemerhatian:
(a) State one suitable inference. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai.
(b) State one appropriate hypothesis that could be investigated. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai untuk disiasat.
(c) With the use of apparatus such as measuring cylinder, spring balance, metal rod and other
apparatus, describe one experiment to investigate the hypothesis stated in 12(b).
Dengan menggunakan radas seperti silinder penyukat, neraca spring, rod besi dan lain-lain radas,
perihalkan satu eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di 12(b).
In your description, state clearly the following:
Dalam penerangan anda, nyatakan dengan jelas perkara berikut :

24
 (i) The aim of the experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
(ii) The variables in the experiment
Pemboleh ubah dalam eksperimen
(iii) The list of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan
(iv) The arrangement of the apparatus
Susunan radas
(v) The procedures of the experiment which include one method of controlling the manipulated
variable and one method of measuring the responding variable
Prosedur eksperimen termasuk satu kaedah mengawal pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan dan satu
kaedah mengukur pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
(vi) The way to tabulate the data
Cara untuk menjadualkan data
(vii The way to analyse the data [10 marks / markah]
) Cara untuk menganalisi data
Answer
12 (a) The depth affects the buoyant force
(b) When the depth increases, its buoyant force increases also
(c) (i) To find the relationship between the immerse distance with the buoyant force at constant
density of water
(ii) Manipulated Variable: immerse distance
Responding Variable: buoyant force (decrease in spring balance reading)
Constant Variable: density of water
(iii) Apparatus: spring balance, beaker, metre rule, metal rod
Materials: string, tap water
(iv)

Operational definition
-The immerse distance is measured using metre rule
-The buoyant force is measured from the decrease in spring balance reading
(Reading in air – Reading in water)
(v) The experiment is started by immersing the metal rod into the water to a depth, d = 2 cm
and the buoyant force acting to the metal rod can be counted by the changes in the reading
of spring balance.
The experiment is then repeated by immersing the metal rod to depth, d = 4 cm, 6 cm, 8 cm,
10 cm and 12 cm and the respective changes in the reading of spring balance, F are
recorded.
(vi) d / cm F/N
2
4
6
8
10
12

25
 (vii A graph of F / N against d / cm is plotted.
)

13 Experiment: Bernoulli’s principle

Diagram 13 shows water flowing from a tap. It is observed that the stream of water becomes narrower
as it flows down.
Rajah 13 menunjukkan air yang mengalir keluar daripada suatu pili. Diperhatikan bahawa arus air menjadi
lebih sempit apabila ia mengalir turun.

Diagram 13 / Rajah 13
Based on the information and observation:
Berdasarkan maklumat dan pemerhatian:
(a) State one suitable inference. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai.
(b) State one appropriate hypothesis that could be investigated. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai untuk disiasat.
(c) With the use of apparatus such as air pump with tube, retort stand, paper and other apparatus,
describe one experiment to investigate the hypothesis stated in 13(b).
Dengan menggunakan radas seperti pengepam udara dengan tiub, kaki retort, kertas dan lain-lain radas,
perihalkan satu eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di 13(b).
In your description, state clearly the following:
Dalam penerangan anda, nyatakan dengan jelas perkara berikut :
(i) The aim of the experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
(ii) The variables in the experiment
Pemboleh ubah dalam eksperimen

26
 (iii) The list of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan
(iv) The arrangement of the apparatus
Susunan radas
(v) The procedures of the experiment which include one method of controlling the manipulated
variable and one method of measuring the responding variable
Prosedur eksperimen termasuk satu kaedah mengawal pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan dan satu
kaedah mengukur pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
(vi) The way to tabulate the data
Cara untuk menjadualkan data
(vii The way to analyse the data [10 marks / markah]
) Cara untuk menganalisi data

Answer
13 (a) The velocity of water affects the pressure of water
(b) When the velocity of water increases, its pressure decrease
(i) To find the relationship between the velocity with its pressure
(ii) Manipulated Variable: Velocity of air which is represented by the diameter of end of tube
Responding Variable: Pressure of air which is represented by the distance between two
papers
Constant Variable: initial distance between two papers
(iii) Apparatus: retort stand, metre rule, air pump with tube at the end
Materials: two papers
(iv) Tube
To
Retort stand vacuum
pump

Paper

Operational definition
-The velocity of air is determined by measuring the diameter of tube using vernier calipers
-The pressure of air is determined by measuring the closest distance that can be reached
between two papers using metre rule
(v) The experiment is started by using the diameter of tube, D1 which is connected to the
vacuum pump and the closest distance that can be reached by the papers, d1, is measured
using metre rule.

The experiment is then repeated by using different diameter of tube, D2 , D3, D4 and D5 and
the respective distance between papers, d, are recorded.
(vi) D / cm d / cm
D1
D2
D3
D4
27
 D5
(vii) A graph of d / cm against the D / cm is plotted.

CHAPTER 4 HEAT

14 Experiment: Mass of water with boiling time

Diagram 14.1 and 14.2 show two similar electric kettles used to boil water. The power ratings for the
kettles are 240 V, 1000 W. It is found that the water in the kettle in Diagram 14.2 boils faster than
the water in the kettle in Diagram 14.1.
Rajah 14.1 dan 14.2 menunjukkan dua cerek elektrik sama yang digunakan untuk mendidih air. Kuasa kadar
bagi cerek itu ialah 240 V, 1000 W. Didapati bahawa air di cerek dalam Rajah 14.2 mendidih dengan lebih
cepat daripada air di cerek dalam Rajah 14.1.

220 V, 1000 W 220 V, 1000 W

Diagram 14.1 / Rajah 14.1 Diagram 14.2 / Rajah 14.2
Based on the information and observation:
Berdasarkan pada maklumat dan pemerhatian:
(a) State one suitable inference. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai.
(b) State one suitable hypothesis. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai.
(c) With the use of apparatus such as immersion heater, thermometer, Bunsen burner and other
apparatus, describe an experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in 14(b).
In your description, state clearly the following:
Dengan menggunakan radas seperti pemanas rendam, termometer, penunu Bunsen dan lain-lain
radas, huraikan satu rangka eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di 14(b).
Dalam huraian anda, nyatakan dengan jelas perkara berikut:

28
 (i) Aim of the experiment
Tujuan eksperimen ini
(ii) Variables in the experiment
Pembolehubah-pembolehubah di dalam eksperimen
(iii) List of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan-bahan
(iv) Arrangement of the apparatus and materials
Susunan radas dan bahan-bahan
(v) The procedure of the experiment which include the method of controlling the
manipulated variable and the method of measuring the responding variable
Prosedur eksperimen termasuk kaedah mengawal pembolehubah dimanipulasikan dan kaedah
mengukur pembolehubah bergerak balas
(vi) The way you would tabulate the data
Cara bagaimana anda menjadual data
(vii) The way you would analyse the data
Cara bagaimana anda menganalisis data
[10 marks / markah]
Answer
14 (a) The boiling time is affected by its mass of water
(b) When the mass of water increases, its boiling time increases also
(c) (i) To investigate the relationship between the mass of water with its boiling time
(ii) Manipulated Variable: mass of water
Responding Variable: boiling time
Constant Variable: density of water
(iii) Apparatus: immersion heater, thermometer, 12 V d.c. power supply, polystyrene cup,
stopwatch, stirrer
Materials: tap water
(iv) To 12V d.c
Stirrer Immersion heater
Polystyrene cup Thermometer
Water Stopwatch
Operational definition:
-The weight of water is measured using weighing balance
-The boiling time is measured using stopwatch
-The water must be stirred all the time so that the heat can be distributed evenly
throughout the water
(v) The experiment is started by the mass of water, m = 200 g which is measured using
weighing balance. The initial temperature of water is fixed at 28°C. The time taken to
boil the water, t1 is then recorded.
The above step is repeated for m = 400 g, 600 g, 800 g, and 1000 g and then the boiling
time, t, are recorded respectively
(vi) m/g t/s
200
400
600
800
1000
(vii) A graph of t / s against m / g is plotted.
29
15 Experiment: Boyle’s law
Diagram 15.1 shows a worker pushing down on the piston of a clogged bicycle pump. Diagram
15.2 shows the same worker finding it harder to push the piston further down.
Rajah 15.1 menunjukkan seorang pekerja sedang menekan piston pam basikal yang tersumbat. Rajah 15.2
menunjukkan pekerja yang sama mendapati ianya lebih susah menekan piston itu lebih dalam.

Piston
Omboh Piston
Omboh
Trapped air Trapped air
Udara terperangkap Clogged Udara terperangkap Clogged
Tersumbat Tersumbat
Diagram 15.1 / Rajah 15.1 Diagram 15.2 / Rajah 15.2
Based on your observation above;
Berdasarkan pada pemerhatian anda di atas;
(a) State one suitable inference. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai.
(b) State one appropriate hypothesis that could be investigated. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai untuk disiasat.
(c) With the use of apparatus such as syringe, bourdon gauge and other apparatus, describe an
experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in 15(b).
In your description, state clearly the following:
Dengan menggunakan radas seperti picagari, tolok Bourdon dan radas lain, terangkan satu rangka
eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di 15(b).
Dalam penerangan anda, nyatakan dengan jelas berikut:
(i) The aim of the experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
(ii) The variables in the experiment
Pemboleh ubah dalam eksperimen

30
 (iii) The list of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan
(iv) The arrangement of the apparatus
Susunan radas
(v) The procedures of the experiment which include one method of controlling the
manipulated variable and one method of measuring the responding variable
Prosedur eksperimen termasuk satu kaedah mengawal pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan dan
satu kaedah mengukur pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
(vi) The way to tabulate the data
Cara untuk menjadualkan data
(vii The way to analyse the data [10 marks / markah]
) Cara untuk menganalisi data

Answer
15 (a) Volume of gas affect its pressure of gas
(b) Smaller the volume of gas, higher its pressure
(c) (i) To investigate the relationship between the volume of gas with its pressure at constant
temperature
(ii) Manipulated variable: volume of gas
Responding variable: pressure of gas
Constant variable: temperature of gas
(iii) Bourdon gauge, syringe, rubber tube
(iv)

Operational definition
Volume of gas is measured using syringe
Pressure of gas is measured using Bourdon gauge
(v) The experiment is started with volume, V = 25 cm3 and the reading of pressure, P, by
Bourdon gauge is recorded.
Repeat the volume, V = 20.0 cm3, 15.0 cm3, 10.0 cm3 and 5.0 cm3 and the respective
pressure, P, are recorded.
(vi) V / cm3 P / Pa
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0

31
 25.0
(vii A graph of P / Pa against V / cm3 is plotted.
)

16 Experiment: Charles’ law

Diagram 16.1 shows an empty plastic bottle being left on the seat of a car on a hot afternoon.
Diagram 16.2 shows the condition same plastic bottle the following morning when the weather
became cold.
Rajah 16.1 menunjukkan satu botol plastik kosong yang dibiarkan di dalam sebuah kereta pada suatu petang
yang panas. Rajah 16.2 menunjukkan keadaan satu botol plastik yang sama pada keesokan harinya apabila
cuacanya menjadi sejuk.

Diagram 16.1 / Rajah 16.1 Diagram 24.2 / Rajah 16.2

Based on the information and observation given;
Berdasarkan pada maklumat dan pemerhatian diberi:
(a) State one suitable inference. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai.
(b) State one suitable hypothesis. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai.
(c) With the use of apparatus such as capillary tube with some air trapped in it with a small column
of sulphuric acid, tall beaker, Bunsen burner and other apparatus, describe an experiment
framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in 16(b).
In your description, state clearly the following:
Dengan menggunakan radas seperti tiub kapilari dengan sedikit udara terperangkap di dalam satu titis
asid sulfurik, bikar tinggi, penunu Bunsen dan lain-lain radas, huraikan satu rangka eksperimen untuk
menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di 16(b).
Dalam huraian anda, nyatakan dengan jelas perkara berikut:
(i) The aim of the experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
(ii) The variables in the experiment
Pemboleh ubah dalam eksperimen
32
 (iii) The list of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan
(iv) The arrangement of the apparatus
Susunan radas
(v) The procedures of the experiment which include one method of controlling the
manipulated variable and one method of measuring the responding variable
Prosedur eksperimen termasuk satu kaedah mengawal pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan dan satu
kaedah mengukur pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
(vi) The way to tabulate the data
Cara untuk menjadualkan data
(vii) The way to analyse the data [10 marks / markah]
Cara untuk menganalisi data

Answer
16 (a) The volume of gas depends on the temperature.
(b) The higher the temperature of gas, the higher the volume.
(c) (i) To investigate the relationship between the temperature of gas with its volume at
constant pressure.
(ii) Manipulated variable: temperature of gas
Responding variable: volume of gas
Constant variable: pressure of gas
(iii) Apparatus: Capillary tube, beaker, thermometer, Bunsen burner, tripod stand, wire
gauze, retort stand, stirrer, ruler
Materials: mercury or concentric acid sulfuric acid, ice cube
(iv)

Operational definition
-The volume of gas can be determined by measuring the change in the position of
sulphuric acid using metre rule.
-The temperature of gas is measured by measuring the temperature of water using
thermometer
(v) The water is heated and continuously stirred until the water temperature, θ, falls to 20ºC.
The initial position of sulphuric acid, xo is measured using metre rule.
The new position of the sulphuric acid, x1, is measured.
The change in the length of the air column, x, is calculated from the formula x = xo – x1.
Repeated the experiment using temperature, θ = 30ºC, 40 ºC, 50 ºC and 60 ºC. The
respective value of x are calculated.
(vi) θ / ºC x / cm
33
 20
30
40
50
60
(vii) Plot a graph of x / cm against θ / ºC.

1 Experiment: Pressure law

7 Diagram 17.1 shows a pressure cooker is being heated on a gas stove. Diagram 17.2 shows the same
pressure cooker after 5 minutes of heating. It is observed that the reading of the pressure gauge in
Diagram 17.2 is higher.
Rajah 17.1 menunjukkan periuk tekanan sedang dipanaskan di atas dapur gas. Rajah 17.2 menunjukkan
periuk tekanan yang sama selepas 5 minit pemanasan. Bacaan tolok tekanan dalam Rajah 17.2 lebih tinggi.

Diagram 17.1 / Rajah 17.1 Diagram 17.2 / Rajah 17.2

Based on the information and observation given;
Berdasarkan pada maklumat dan pemerhatian diberi:

(a) State one suitable inference. [1 mark / markah]

Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai.

(b) State one suitable hypothesis. [1 mark / markah]

Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai.

(c) With the use of apparatus such as Bunsen burner, thermometer, round-bottomed flask and other
apparatuss, describe an experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in 17(b).
In your description, state clearly the following:
Dengan menggunakan radas seperti penunu Bunsen, termometer, kelalang dasar bulat dan lain-lain
radas, huraikan satu rangka eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di 17(b).
Dalam huraian anda, nyatakan dengan jelas perkara berikut:
(i) Aim of the experiment
Tujuan eksperimen ini

34
 (ii) Variables in the experiment
Pembolehubah-pembolehubah di dalam eksperimen
(iii) List of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan-bahan
(iv) Arrangement of the apparatus and materials
Susunan radas dan bahan-bahan
(v) The procedure of the experiment which include the method of controlling the
manipulated variable and the method of measuring the responding variable
Prosedur eksperimen termasuk kaedah mengawal pembolehubah dimanipulasikan dan kaedah
mengukur pembolehubah bergerak balas
(vi) The way you would tabulate the data
Cara bagaimana anda menjadual data
(vii The way you would analyse the data
) Cara bagaimana anda menganalisis data [10 marks / markah]
Answer
1 (a) The temperature of gas affects its pressure.
7
(b) When the temperature of air increases, the pressure increases also
(c) (i) To investigate the relationship between temperature of gas with its pressure at constant
volume
(ii) Manipulated variable: Temperature of air
Responding variable: Pressure of air
Constant variable: Volume and mass of the trapped air
(iii) Apparatus: Round-bottomed flask, thermometer, Bourdon gauge, Bunsen burner, tripod
stand, wire gauze, retort stand, stirrer, beaker
Materials: ice cube, water
(iv)

Operational Definition
-Temperature of gas is measured using thermometer
-Pressure of gas is measured using Bourdon gauge
(v) The round-bottomed flask is submerged in water and the water bath with ice is stirred
continuously until the temperature of the water bath is stable at 30 ºC.
Read and record the pressure, P, reading from the Bourdon Gauge.
Repeat the experiment for temperature of water, θ = 40 ºC, 50ºC, 60ºC and 70ºC and the
respective P are recorded from the Bourdon gauge.
(vi) θ / ºC P / Pa
35
 30
40
50
60
70
(vii Plot a graph of P / Pa against θ / ºC
)

FORM 4 CHAPTER 5 LIGHT

18 Experiment: Refractive index of glass block

Diagram 18.1 shows when a pencil is put into a glass containing water, the pencil is seen bent.
Rajah 18.1 menunjukkan apabila pensel dimasukkan ke dalam suatu gelas yang mengandugi air, pensel itu
kelihatan bengkok.

Diagram 18.1 / Rajah 8.1

Based on the information and observation:
Berdasarkan pada maklumat dan pemerhatian:
(a) State one suitable inference. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai.
(b) State one appropriate hypothesis that could be investigated. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai untuk disiasat.
(c) With the use of apparatus such as semicircular glass block, ray box, single slit and other
apparatus, describe one experiment to investigate the hypothesis stated in 18(b).
Dengan menggunakan radas seperti blok kaca semibulatan, kotak sinar, celah tunggal dan lain-lain
radas, perihalkan satu eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di 18(b).
In your description, state clearly the following;
Dalam penerangan anda, nyatakan dengan jelas perkara berikut :
(i) The aim of the experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
(ii) The variables in the experiment
36
 Pemboleh ubah dalam eksperimen
(iii) The list of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan
(iv) The arrangement of the apparatus
Susunan radas
(v) The procedures of the experiment which include one method of controlling the
manipulated variable and one method of measuring the responding variable
Prosedur eksperimen termasuk satu kaedah mengawal pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan dan
satu kaedah mengukur pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
(vi) The way to tabulate the data
Cara untuk menjadualkan data
(vii The way to analyse the data [10 marks / markah]
) Cara untuk menganalisi data

Answer
18 (a) The angle of refraction is affected by angle of incidence
(b) When the angle of incidence increases, the angle of refraction increases also
(c) (i) To investigate the relationship between the angle of incidence with the angle of
refraction
(ii) Manipulated Variable: angle of incidence
Responding Variable: angle of refraction
Constant Variable: refractive index of glass block
(iii) Apparatus: ray box with single slit, glass block, low voltage power supply,
Material: ruler, protractor, plain paper
(iv)
Q XY
r
P Glass
i Plain
Ray box paper
Operational Definition:
-Both the angle of incident with the angle of refraction are measured using protractor.
(v) Place a rectangular glass block at the centre of a piece of white plain paper. Trace the
outline of the glass block. Remove the glass block and draw a normal through point P.
Using a protractor, construct several angles of incidence, i = 10º to the normal at the air
to glass interface.
Replace the glass block back onto the plain paper. Direct a ray of light from the ray box
at P along the line drawn for the angle of incident is 10º. Mark the path of the refracted
ray with two crosses, X and Y. Measure and record the angle of refraction, r.
Repeat steps above for different angles of incidence, i = 20°, 30°, 40° and 50° and the
respective refractive angle, r are measured.
(vi) i/° r/° sin i sin r
10
20
30
40
50
37
 (vii A graph of sin r against the sin i is plotted.
)

19 Experiment: Real depth with apparent depth

Diagram 19 below shows two opaque cups, A and B, containing different amount of water. A
similar coin is placed at the bottom of each cup. When the coin is observed from the same position,
the image of the coin in cup A cannot be seen, but the image of the coin in cup B can be seen.
Rajah 19 di bawah menunjukkan dua cawan legap, A dan B, yang berisi air yang berlainan kuantiti.
Sekeping syiling yang serupa diletakkan di dasar setiap cawan itu. Apabila syiling itu diperhati daripada
kedudukan yang sama, imej syiling dalam cawan A tidak boleh dilihat tetapi imej syiling dalam cawan B
boleh dilihat.

Diagram 19 / Rajah 19
Based on the information and observation:
Berdasarkan pada maklumat dan pemerhatian:
(a) State one suitable inference. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai.
(b) State one appropriate hypothesis that could be investigated. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai untuk disiasat.
(c) With the use of apparatus such as beaker, pins and other apparatus, describe one experiment
to investigate the hypothesis stated in 19(b).
Dengan menggunakan radas seperti bikar, pin dan lain-lain radas, perihalkan satu eksperimen untuk
menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di 19(b).
In your description, state clearly the following;
Dalam penerangan anda, nyatakan dengan jelas perkara berikut :
(i) The aim of the experiment
38
 Tujuan eksperimen
(ii) The variables in the experiment
Pemboleh ubah dalam eksperimen
(iii) The list of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan
(iv) The arrangement of the apparatus
Susunan radas
(v) The procedures of the experiment which include one method of controlling the
manipulated variable and one method of measuring the responding variable
Prosedur eksperimen termasuk satu kaedah mengawal pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan dan
satu kaedah mengukur pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
(vi) The way to tabulate the data
Cara untuk menjadualkan data
(vii The way to analyse the data [10 marks / markah]
) Cara untuk menganalisi data
Answer
19 (a) The real depth affects the apparent depth of an image formed.
(b) The increase of the real depth of water, the deeper of the apparent depth of the image formed.
(c) (i) To investigate the relationship between the real depth and the apparent depth of image
formed at constant density of water.
(ii) Manipulated variable: real depth
Responding variable: apparent depth
Constant variable: density of water
(iii) Apparatus: tall beaker, pins, retort stand, metre rule
Materials: pin, tap water
(iv)

Operational definition
-Both the real depth and apparent depth are measured using metre rule
(v) The tall beaker is filled with water of depth, H = 5 cm and the pin is put into the
beaker. The metre rule is clamped vertically using a retort stand.
The adjustable pin is adjusted until it matches the position of the image as seen from
the above of the water. The position of the adjustable pin, h, is measured using a metre
rule.
The experiment is repeated with the real depth, H = 10 cm, 15cm, 20 cm, 25 cm and 30
cm. The respective apparent depth, h, are measured.
(vi) H / cm h / cm
1.0
39
 1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
(vii Plot a graph of h / cm against H / cm.
)

20 Experiment: Object distance with size of image

Diagram 20.1 shows the condition of the image formed by a convex lens. The image is seen very
clear and inverted.
Diagram 20.2 shows the bigger size of image when he varies the object distance to view the object.
Rajah 20.1 menunjukkan keadaan imej yang terbentuk oleh suatu kanta cembung. Imej itu kelihatan sangat
jelas dan tertonggeng.
Rajah 20.2 menunjukkan saiz imej yang lebih besar apabila dia mengubah jarak objek untuk melihat objek.

Diagram 20.1 / Rajah 20.1 Diagram 20.2 / Rajah 20.2

Based on the information and observation:
Berdasarkan pada maklumat dan pemerhatian:
(a) State one suitable inference. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai.
(b) State one appropriate hypothesis that could be investigated. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai untuk disiasat.
(c) With the use of apparatus such as convex lens, metre rule, screen and other apparatus,
describe one experiment to investigate the hypothesis stated in 20(b).
Dengan menggunakan radas seperti kanta cembung, pembaris meter, skrin dan lain-lain radas,
perihalkan satu eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di 20(b).
In your description, state clearly the following;
Dalam penerangan anda, nyatakan dengan jelas perkara berikut :
(i) The aim of the experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
40
 (ii) The variables in the experiment
Pemboleh ubah dalam eksperimen
(iii) The list of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan
(iv) The arrangement of the apparatus
Susunan radas
(v) The procedures of the experiment which include one method of controlling the
manipulated variable and one method of measuring the responding variable
Prosedur eksperimen termasuk satu kaedah mengawal pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan dan
satu kaedah mengukur pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
(vi) The way to tabulate the data
Cara untuk menjadualkan data
(vii The way to analyse the data [10 marks / markah]
) Cara untuk menganalisi data

Answer
20 (a) Object distance influences the saiz of image
(b) Longer the object distance, smaller the size of image
(c) (i) To investigate the relationship between the object distance with image magnification at
constant focal length of lens used
(ii) Manipulated variable: Object distance
Responding variable: Image magnification
(iii) Convex lens, metre rule, light source, object, screen
(iv)

Operational definition
Both the object distance and image distance are measured using metre rule
v
Image magnification is calculated from
u
(v) The experiment is started with object distance, u = u1 and the image distance, v, is
measured from lens to the clearest image formed at screen. The image magnification,
v
M is calculated using the formula M = .
u
Repeat the experiment with u = u2, u3, u4 and u5 and the respective v are measured.
(vi) u / cm v / cm v
M [M = ]
u
u1
u2
u3
u4
41
 u5
(vii A graph of M against u / cm is plotted.
)

FORM 5 CHAPTER 1 WAVES

21 Experiment: Depth of water with wavelength of wave

Diagram 21 shows the peaks of water waves become closer as they travel closer towards the coast.
Rajah 21 menunjukkan puncak gelombang air laut menjadi semakin rapat apabila semakin mendekati
kawasan pantai.

Diagram 21 / Rajah 21
Based on the information and observation:
Berdasarkan maklumat dan pemerhatian:
(a) State one suitable inference. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai.
(b) State one suitable hypothesis. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai.
(c) With the use of apparatus such as ripple tank, simple stroboscope and other apparatus, describe
an experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in 21(b).
Dengan menggunakan radas seperti tangki riak, stroboskop ringkas dan radas lain, terangkan satu
rangka kerja eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di 21(b).
In your description, state clearly the following:
Dalam penerangan anda, jelaskan perkara berikut:
(i) The aim of the experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
(ii) The variables in the experiment
Pemboleh ubah dalam eksperimen
(iii) The list of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan

42
 (iv) The arrangement of the apparatus
Susunan radas
(v) The procedures of the experiment which include one method of controlling the
manipulated variable and one method of measuring the responding variable
Prosedur eksperimen termasuk satu kaedah mengawal pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan dan
satu kaedah mengukur pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
(vi) The way to tabulate the data
Cara untuk menjadualkan data
(vii) The way to analyse the data [10 marks / markah]
Cara untuk menganalisi data

Answer
21 (a) The depth of water affects the wavelength of a wave.
(b) The deeper the depth of water, the longer the wavelength of wave.
(c) (i) To investigate the relationship between the depth of water and the wavelength of wave
at constant frequency of wave.
(ii) Manipulated variable: depth of water
Responding variable: wavelength of wave
Constant variable: frequency of wave
(iii) Apparatus: ripple tank, vibrator, power supply 12V, stroboscope, metre rule
Materials: Blank paper, tap water
(iv)

Operational definition
-The depth of water filled is measured using metre rule
-The distance between two adjacent crests is measured using metre rule
(v) The ripple tank is filled with water until its depth of water, d = 0.5 cm
The vibrator is switched on to produce the waves. The image of the waves formed on
the plane paper under the ripple tank is freezed by using a stroboscope.
The wavelength is sketched and the wavelength (distance between two adjacent crest),
x, is measured by using a metre rule.
The experiment is repeated with depth of water, d = 1.0 cm, 1.5 cm, 2.0 cm and 2.5 cm
and the respective wavelength, x, of the waves are measured.
(vi) d / cm x / cm
1.0
1.5

43
 2.0
2.5
3.0

(vii) Plot a graph of x / cm against d / cm

2 Diagram 22.1 and Diagram 22.2 show the light phenomenon seen on two streets. A driver notice that
2 when the distance between the lamps are closer, the distance between the light sparkles increases as
shown in Diagram 22.2.
Rajah 22.1 and Rajah 22.2 menunjukkan fenomena cahaya di dua jalanraya. Seorang pemandu mendapati
apabila jarak antara lampu lebih dekat, jarak antara kilauan cahaya bertambah seperti ditunjukkan dalam Rajah
22.2.

Diagram 22.1 / Rajah 22.1 Diagram 22.2 / Rajah 22.2

Based on the above information and observation:
Berdasarkan pernyataan dan pemerhatian di atas:
(a) State one suitable inference. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai.
(b) State one suitable hypothesis. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai.
(c) With the use of apparatus such as retort stand, Young’s double-slit and other apparatus, describe
an experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in 22(b).
Dengan menggunakan radas seperti kaki retot, dwicelah Young dan radas lain, terangkan satu rangka
kerja eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di 22(b).
In your description, state clearly the following:
Dalam penerangan anda, jelaskan perkara berikut:
(i) The aim of the experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
(ii) The variables in the experiment
Pemboleh ubah dalam eksperimen

44
 (iii) The list of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan
(iv) The arrangement of the apparatus
Susunan radas
(v) The procedures of the experiment which include one method of controlling the
manipulated variable and one method of measuring the responding variable
Prosedur eksperimen termasuk satu kaedah mengawal pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan dan satu
kaedah mengukur pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
(vi) The way to tabulate the data
Cara untuk menjadualkan data
(vii) The way to analyse the data [10 marks / markah]
Cara untuk menganalisi data

Answer
22 (a) Distance between two lamps affect the distance between the light sparkles
(b) The further the distance between two lamps, the nearer the distance between the light sparkles
(c) (i) To investigate the relationship between the distance between two coherent lamps with the
distance between two adjacent bright fringes at constant distance between the lamp with the
screen.
(ii) Manipulated variable: distance between two coherent lamps
Responding variable: distance between two adjacent bright fringes
Constant variable: distance between the screen with the lamps
(iii) Apparatus: retort stand, ray box with double-slit, screen, metre rule, power supply,
connecting wire
Materials: blank paper
(iv)

Operational definition
The distance between two slits and the distance between two adjacent bright fringes are both
measured using metre rule
(v) The Young’s double slit with distance between the slits, a = 0.1 mm is used. The ray box is
turned on.
The bright fringes formed on the white screen, x, is marked and measured using metre rule.
The experiment is repeated with the distance between the slits, a = 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm
and 0.5 mm and the distance between two adjacent bright fringes are marked and measured
respectively.
(vi) a / mm x / cm
0.1
45
 0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
(vii Plot a graph of x / cm against a / mm
)

23 Diagram 23 shows the position of the loud speakers installed in school hall.
Rajah 23 menunjukkan kedudukan pembesar suara yang dipasang di suatu dewan sekolah.

Diagram 23 / Rajah 23
Some of the audiences complained that they could not hear the sound clearly. There are also some of
the audiences who complained the sound they heard is too loud.
Terdapat sebilangan penonton mengadu bahawa mereka tidak dapat mendengar suara dengan jelas. Terdapat
juga sebilangan penonton yang mengadu bahawa suara yang didengari mereka terlalu kuat.
Based on the information and observation:
Berdasarkan pada maklumat dan pemerhatian:
(a) State one suitable inference. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai.
(b) State one suitable hypothesis. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai.
(c) With the use of apparatus such as loud speakers, audio generator and other apparatus, describe
an experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in 23(b).
Dengan menggunakan radas seperti pembesar suara, penjana audio dan radas lain, terangkan satu
rangka kerja eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di 23(b).
In your description, state clearly the following:
Dalam penerangan anda, jelaskan perkara berikut:
(i) The aim of the experiment
Tujuan eksperimen

46
 (ii) The variables in the experiment
Pemboleh ubah dalam eksperimen
(iii) The list of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan
(iv) The arrangement of the apparatus
Susunan radas
(v) The procedures of the experiment which include one method of controlling the
manipulated variable and one method of measuring the responding variable
Prosedur eksperimen termasuk satu kaedah mengawal pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan dan satu
kaedah mengukur pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
(vi) The way to tabulate the data
Cara untuk menjadualkan data
(vii) The way to analyse the data [10 marks / markah]
Cara untuk menganalisi data

Answer
23 (a) The distance between two loudspeakers affects the distance between two loud sounds
(b) When the distance between two loudspeakers increase, the distance between two loud sounds
decrease
(c) (i) To investigate the relationship between two coherent sources and the distance between
two loud sounds
(ii) Manipulated Variable: Distance between two loud speakers
Responding Variable: Distance between two loud sounds
Constant Variable: Distance between the two speakers with the screen
(iii) Apparatus: speaker, audio signal/frequency generator, connection wire, power supply,
measuring tape
(iv) Audio frequency generator
Loudspeaker Loudspeaker

Listener
Operational Definition:
The distance between two loud speakers and two loud sounds are measured using metre
rule
(v) By using a metre rule, the distance of the listener from the loudspeaker is set at distance,
D. The audio-frequency generator is switched on. Use a distance between two loud
speakers, a = 20 cm.
The listener is requested to walk in a straight path from left to right. The distance
between two successive loud regions is noted and measured by metre rule = x
The experiment is repeated using a distance between two loud speaker a = 40 cm, 60 cm,
80 cm and 100 cm and the respective distance between two successive loud sounds, x, are
noted and measured.
(vi) a / cm x/m
20
40
60
47
 80
100
(vii) A graph of x / m against the a / cm is plotted.

FORM 5 CHAPTER 2 ELECTRICITY

24 Ohm’s law: Length of wire with resistance

Diagram 24.1 shows a bulb lights up brighter when the slider of the rheostat is connected to point P.
Rajah 24.1 menunjukkan mentol menyala dengan terang apabila pelaras reostat disambungkan pada titik P.

Diagram 24.1 / Rajah 24.1 Diagram 24.1 / Rajah 24.2

Diagram 24.2 shows the bulb lights up dimmer when the slider of the same rheostat is connected to
point Q.
Rajah 24.2 menunjukkan mentol menyala dengan malap apabila pelaras reostat disambungkan pada titik Q.
Based on the information and observation:
Berdasarkan maklumat dan pemerhatian:
(a) State one suitable inference. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai.
(b) State one suitable hypothesis. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai.
(c) With the use of apparatus such as constantan wire, rheostat, ammeter and other suitable apparatus,
describe one experiment to investigate the hypothesis stated in 24(b).
Dengan menggunakan alat radas seperti dawai konstantan, reostat, ammeter dan lain-lain radas yang
sesuai, terangkan satu eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di 24(b).
In your description, state clearly the following:
Dalam penerangan anda, nyatakan dengan jelas perkara berikut :

48
 (i) The aim of the experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
(ii) The variables in the experiment
Pemboleh ubah dalam eksperimen
(iii) The list of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan
(iv) The arrangement of the apparatus
Susunan radas
(v) The procedures of the experiment which include one method of controlling the manipulated
variable and one method of measuring the responding variable
Prosedur eksperimen termasuk satu kaedah mengawal pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan dan satu
kaedah mengukur pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
(vi) The way to tabulate the data
Cara untuk menjadualkan data
(vii The way to analyse the data [10 marks / markah]
) Cara untuk menganalisi data
Answer
24 (a) The length of a wire affects the resistance of the wire.
(b) The longer the length of a wire, the higher the resistance in the wire
(c) (i) To investigate the relationship between the length of a wire and the resistance the wire at
constant diameter of wire
(ii) Manipulated variable: length of wire
Responding variable: resistance of wire
Constant variable: diameter of wire
(iii) Apparatus and materials: Constantan wire, metre rule, ammeter, voltmeter, rheostat, battery,
connecting wires
(iv)

Operational definition
-Length of wire is measured using metre rule
-Current is measured using ammeter
-Potential difference across the constantan wire is measured using voltmeter
(v) The circuit is set up with length of constantan wire, l = 10.0 cm
The switch is on. The current, I, is fixed at 0.5 A by adjusting the rheostat.
V
The voltmeter reading, V, is recorded and the resistance is calculated by formula R = .
0.5
The procedure is repeated with length of constantan wire, l = 20.0 cm, 30.0 cm, 40.0 cm
and 50.0 cm and the respective voltmeter reading, V, are recorded. All the ammeter readings
are fixed at 0.5 A by adjusting the rheostat.
(vi) l / cm V/V R/

49
 10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
(vii Plot a graph of R /  against l / cm.
)

25 Ohm’s law: Diameter of wire with resistance

Diagram 25.1 and Diagram 25.2 show Adman selling fruits at two different night markets. He finds
that the bulb at his stall lights up brighter when he uses a thicker wire.
Rajah 25.1 and Rajah 25.2 menunjukkan Adman menjual buah-buahan pada dua pasar malam yang
berlainan hari. Dia mendapati bahawa lampu di khemahnya menyala dengan lebih terang apabila dia
menggunakan wayar yang lebih tebal.

Diagram 25.1 / Rajah 25.1 Diagram 25.2 / Rajah 25.2

Based on the information and observation:
Berdasarkan maklumat dan pemerhatian:
(a) State one suitable inference. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai.
(b) State one suitable hypothesis. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai.
(c) With the use of apparatus such as ammeter, voltmeter, constantan wire and other apparatus,
describe an experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in 25(b).
In your description, state clearly the following:
Dengan menggunakan radas seperti ammeter, voltmeter, dawai konstantan dan radas lain, gambarkan
satu rangka eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis seperti dinyatakan di 25(b).
Dalam deskripsi anda, nyatakan dengan jelas perkara berikut:
(i) The aim of the experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
50
 (ii) The variables in the experiment
Pemboleh ubah dalam eksperimen
(iii) The list of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan
(iv) The arrangement of the apparatus
Susunan radas
(v) The procedures of the experiment which include one method of controlling the
manipulated variable and one method of measuring the responding variable
Prosedur eksperimen termasuk satu kaedah mengawal pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan dan
satu kaedah mengukur pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
(vi) The way to tabulate the data
Cara untuk menjadualkan data
(vii) The way to analyse the data [10 marks / markah]
Cara untuk menganalisi data

Answer
25 (a) The diameter of a wire affects the resistance of the wire.
(b) The bigger the diameter of a wire, the lower the resistance in the wire
(c) (i) To investigate the relationship between the diameter of a wire and the resistance the wire at
constant length of wire
(ii) Manipulated variable: diameter of wire
Responding variable: resistance of wire
Constant variable: length of wire
(iii) Apparatus and materials: Constantan wire, metre rule, ammeter, voltmeter, rheostat, battery,
connecting wires
(iv)

Operational definition
-Diameter of wire is measured using micrometer screw gauge
-Potential difference across the constantan wire is measured using voltmeter
(v) The circuit is set up with diameter of constantan wire, D = d1
The switch is on. The current, I, is fixed 0.5 A for the whole experiment by adjusting a
rheostat.
The voltmeter reading, V, is recorded and the resistance, R, is calculated from the formula of
V
R= .
0.5
The procedure is repeated with constantan wire of diameter, D = d2, d3, d4 and d5 and the
respective value of R are calculated.
(vi) D / mm V/V R/
d1
d2
51
 d3
d4
d5
(vii Plot a graph of R /  against D / mm.
)

26 Ohm’s law: Temperature with resistance

Diagram 26.1 shows a bulb lights up when connected to an electrical circuit.
Rajah 26.1 menunjukkan sebiji mentol menyala apabila disambungkan kepada satu litar elektrik.
Diagram 26.2 shows the bulb become dimmer when the circuit is exposed to the hot sun.
Rajah 26.2 menunjukkan mentol itu menjadi semakin malap apabila litar itu terdedah kepada cahaya matahari
yang terik.

Diagram 26.1 / Rajah 26.1 Diagram 26.2 / Rajah 26.2

Based on the information and observation:

Berdasarkan maklumat dan pemerhatian:
(a) State one suitable inference. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai.
(b) State one suitable hypothesis. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai.
(c) With the use of apparatus such as constantan wire, ammeter and other apparatus, describe an
experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in 26(b).
Dengan menggunakan radas seperti wayar konstantan, ammeter dan radas lain, terangkan satu rangka
kerja eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di 26(b).
In your description, state clearly the following:
Dalam penerangan anda, jelaskan perkara berikut:

52
 (i) The aim of the experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
(ii) The variables in the experiment
Pemboleh ubah dalam eksperimen
(iii) The list of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan
(iv) The arrangement of the apparatus
Susunan radas
(v) The procedures of the experiment which include one method of controlling the manipulated
variable and one method of measuring the responding variable
Prosedur eksperimen termasuk satu kaedah mengawal pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan dan satu
kaedah mengukur pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
(vi) The way to tabulate the data
Cara untuk menjadualkan data
(vii The way to analyse the data [10 marks / markah]
) Cara untuk menganalisi data

Answer
26 (a) The resistance of conductor depends on its temperature
(b) The greater the temperature, the greater the resistance
(c) (i) To investigate the relationship between temperature and resistance of a conductor
(ii) Manipulated variable: Temperature of wire
Responding variable: Resistance of wire
Constant variable: Length of wire
(iii) Ammeter, voltmeter, constantan wire, thermometer, Bunsen burner, connecting wire, power
supply, water
(iv)

(v) The water is heated until the temperature, θ = 50 °C. Record the reading of voltmeter, V and
ammeter, I.
V
R
Calculate the resistance, R, usin the formula of I .
Repeat the experiment with temperature, θ = 60 °C. 70 °C, 80 °C, and 90 °C and the
respective voltmeter reading, V and ammeter reading, I, are recorded. The respecitive R are
calculated.
(vi) θ / °C I/A V/V R/Ω
50
60
70

53
 80
90
(vii A graph of R /  against θ / ºC is plotted.
)

FORM 5 CHAPTER 3 ELECTROMAGNETISM

27 Experiment: Number of turns with number of pins attracted
Diagram 27.1 and Diagram 27.2 show the electric bell with different number of coils which are
connected to the similar batteries. When the switch is on, the bell in Diagram 27.2 ring loudly than the
bell in Diagram 27.1.
Rajah 27.1 dan Rajah 27.2 menunjukkan loceng elektrik dengan bilangan lilitan yang berlainan yang
disambungkan kepada bateri-bateri yang sama. Apabila suis dihidupkan, loceng di dalam Rajah 27.2 berdering
dengan lebih kuat daripada loceng di dalam Rajah 27.1.

Diagram 27.1 / Rajah 27.1 Diagram 27.2 / Rajah 27.2

Based on the information and observation:
Berdasarkan maklumat dan pemerhatian:
(a) State one suitable inference. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai.
(b) State one suitable hypothesis. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai.
(c) With the use of apparatus such as soft iron core, pins, insulated copper wire and other apparatus,
describe an experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in 27(b).
Dengan menggunakan radas seperti teras besi lembut, pin, dawai kuprum bertebat dan radas lain,

54
 terangkan satu rangka kerja eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di 27(b).
In your description, state clearly the following:
Dalam penerangan anda, jelaskan perkara berikut:
(i) The aim of the experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
(ii) The variables in the experiment
Pemboleh ubah dalam eksperimen
(iii) The list of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan
(iv) The arrangement of the apparatus
Susunan radas
(v) The procedures of the experiment which include one method of controlling the
manipulated variable and one method of measuring the responding variable
Prosedur eksperimen termasuk satu kaedah mengawal pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan dan satu
kaedah mengukur pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
(vi) The way to tabulate the data
Cara untuk menjadualkan data
(vii) The way to analyse the data [10 marks / markah]
Cara untuk menganalisi data
Answer
27 (a) The amount of lifted pins (strength of magnet) depends on the number of turns of coil
(b) The more the number of turns of coil, the more the pins being attracted by the rod
(i) To investigate the relationship between the number of turns of coil with the amount of pins
attracted by the rod
(ii) Manipulated Variable: number of turns of coil
Responding Variable: amount of lifted pins
Constant Variable: current
(iii) Apparatus: Copper wire, soft iron, ammeters, rheostat, batteries,
Materials: pins
(iv)

Operational definition:
-The current used is shown by the ammeter reading and is fixed by adjusting the rheostat
-The strength of magnet is determined from the number of pins being attracted
(v) The experiment is started with the number of turns of coil, N = 10. The number of pins, n,
attracted by the electromagnet is counted. The current is fixed at 0.5 A for the whole of the
experiment by adjusting the rheostat.
The above step is repeated with the number of turns of coil, N = 15, 20, 25 and 30 and
then the number of pins, n, attracted by the electromagnet are counted respectively
(vi) N n
10
55
 15
20
25
30
(vii) A graph of n against N is plotted.

28 Experiment: Current with number of pins attracted

Diagram 28.1 shows a junkyard crane pulling an iron.
In Diagram 28.2, the amount of iron being attracted has increased when the current to the crane is
increased.
Rajah 28.1 menunjukkan mesin penarik besi.
Dalam Rajah 28.2, bilangan besi yang ditarik bertambah apbila arus kepada kereta itu bertambah .

Diagram 28.1 / Rajah 28.1 Diagram 28.2 / Rajah 28.2

Based on the information and observation:
Berdasarkan maklumat dan pemerhatian:
(a) State one suitable inference. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai.
(b) State one appropriate hypothesis that could be investigated. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai untuk disiasat.
(c) With the use of apparatus such as power supply, soft iron core, insulated wire, pins and other
apparatus, describe an experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in 28(b).
In your description, state clearly the following:
Dengan menggunakan radas seperti bekalan kuasa, teras besi lembut, wayar bertebat, pin dan radas
56
 lain, rangka satu eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis seperti dinyatakan di 28(b).
Dalam deskripsi anda, nyatakan dengan jelas perkara berikut:
(i) Aim of the experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
(ii) Variables in the experiment
Pembolehubah-pembolehubah dalam eksperimen
(iii) List of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan
(iv) Arrangement of the apparatus
Susunan radas
(v) The procedures of the experiment include the method of controlling the manipulated
variable and the method of measuring the responding variable
Prosedur-prosedur eksperimen termasuk kaedah mengawal pembolehubah dimanipulasikan
dan kaedah mengukur pembolehubah bergerak balas
(vi) The way you would tabulate the data
Cara bagaimana anda menjadualkan data
(vii) The way you would analyse the data
Cara bagaimana anda menganalisis data
[10 marks / markah]

Answer
28 (a) The amount of current affect the number of iron metal being attracted by the crane
(b) The higher the current, the more the iron metal being attracted
(c) (i) To investigate the relationship between the current with number of pins attracted at
constant number of turns of coils.
(ii) Manipulated variable: current
Responding variable: number of pins attracted
Constant variable: number of turns of coils
(iii) Apparatus: Power supply, insulated wire, rheostat, soft iron core, retort stand, ammeter
Materials: paper clip
(iv)

Operational definition
-The current is measured using ammeter
-The strength of magnet is determined by the number of pins attracted by the iron core
(v) The power supply is switched on and the rheostat is adjusted until the current, I = 0.2 A.
The number of turns of coil is fixed at 20 turns for the whole of the experiment.
The number of pins attracted to the iron core, N, is calculated and recorded.
The experiment is repeated with current, I = 0.4 A, 0.6 A, 0.8 A and 1.0 A by adjuting
the rheostat and the respective amount of pins attracted, N, to the iron core is calculated.

57
 (vi) I/A N
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
(vii) Plot a graph of N against I / A

2 Experiment: Number of turns with induced current

9 Figure 29.1 and 29.2 shows two anemometers which are exposed to the same speed of wind.
Diagram 29.2 shows the higher reading of ammeter as it uses more turns of coils of wires.
Rajah 29.1 dan Rajah 29.2 menunjukkan dua anemometer di mana ia terdedah kepada kelajuan angin yang
sama.
Rajah 29.2 menunjukkan bacaan ammeter yang lebih tinggi sebab ia menggunakan bilangan gegelung wayar
yang lebih banyak.

Diagram 29.1 / Rajah 29.1 Diagram 29.2 / Rajah 29.2

Based on the information and observation:
Berdasarkan maklumat dan pemerhatian:
(a) State one suitable inference. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai.
(b) State one suitable hypothesis. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai.
(c) With the use of apparatus such as bar magnet, insulated copper wire, galvanometer and other
apparatus, describe an experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in 29(b).
Dengan menggunakan radas seperti magnet bar, dawai kuprum bertebat, galvanometer dan radas lain,
terangkan satu rangka kerja eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di 29(b).
58
 In your description, state clearly the following:
Dalam penerangan anda, jelaskan perkara berikut:
(i) The aim of the experiment.
Tujuan eksperimen.
(ii) The variables in the experiment.
Pemboleh ubah dalam eksperimen.
(iii) The list of apparatus and materials.
Senarai radas dan bahan.
(iv) The arrangement of the apparatus.
Susunan radas
(v) The procedure of the experiment which include one method of controlling the manipulated
variable and one method of measuring the responding variable.
Prosedur eksperimen termasuk satu kaedah mengawal pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan dan satu
kaedah mengukur pemboleh ubah bergerak balas.
(vi) The way to tabulate the data.
Cara untuk menjadualkan data.
(vii The way to analyse the data. [10 marks / markah]
) Cara untuk menganalisis data.
Answer
29 (a) The numbers of turns of coils affect the induced current.
(b) The more turns of coil, the higher the induced current.
(c) (i) To investigate the relationship between the numbers of turns of coils with induced current
at constant high of bar magnet released.
(ii) Manipulated variable: number of turns of coil
Responding variable: induced current
Constant variable: high of bar magnet released
(iii) Apparatus: Retort stand, metre rule, bar magnet, miliammeter, insulated copper wire
Materials: --
(iv)

Operational definition
-The speed of magnet bar into the solenoid is fixed by releasing the bar magnet at
constant height
-The induced current is measured using milliammeter
(v) The experiment is started with number of turns of wire, N = 10 turns and the bar magnet is
released from a constant height of 50 cm into the solenoid. The induced current, I, shown
by the reading of galvanometer is taken.
The experiment is repeated with number of turns, N = 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 and the
59
 respective reading of galvanometer, I, are recorded.
(vi) N I / mA
10
20
30
40
50
60
(vii Plot a graph of I / mA against N.
)

30 Experiment: Current with magnetic force

Diagram 30.1 and Diagram 30.2 show a mixer.
In Diagram 30.1, the dial is set at minimum current and the beaters are spinning.
In Diagram 30.2, the dial is set at maximum current and the beaters spin faster.
When the beaters spin faster, the force exerted on the mixture is greater.
Rajah 30.1 dan Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan suatu pengadun.
Dalam Rajah 30.1, pelarasnya dilaraskan pada arus minimum dan pemukul berputar.
Dalam Rajah 30.2, pelarasnya dilaraskan pada arus maksimum dan pemukul berputar lebih laju.
Apabila pemukul berputar lebih laju, daya yang bertindak ke atas adunan lebih besar .

Diagram 30.1 / Rajah 30.1 Diagram 30.2 / Rajah 30.2

Based on the above information and observation:
Berdasarkan pernyataan dan pemerhatian di atas:
(a) State one suitable inference. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai.
(b) State one suitable hypothesis. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai.
(c) With the use of apparatus such as power supply, magnets, C-shaped iron yoke, bare copper
wire, connecting wires and other apparatus, describe an experiment framework to investigate
the hypothesis stated in 30(b).
60
 In your description, state clearly the following:
Dengan menggunakan radas seperti bekalan kuasa, magnet, teras besi C, wayar kuprum tidak bertebat
dan radas lain, rangka satu eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis seperti dinyatakan di 30(b).
Dalam deskripsi anda, nyatakan dengan jelas perkara berikut:
(i) Aim of the experiment
Tujuan eksperimen
(ii) Variables in the experiment
Pembolehubah-pembolehubah dalam eksperimen
(iii) List of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan
(iv) Arrangement of the apparatus
Susunan radas
(v) The procedures of the experiment include the method of controlling the manipulated
variable and the method of measuring the responding variable
Prosedur-prosedur eksperimen termasuk kaedah mengawal pembolehubah dimanipulasikan
dan kaedah mengukur pembolehubah bergerak balas
(vi) The way you would tabulate the data
Cara bagaimana anda menjadualkan data
(vii) The way you would analyse the data
Cara bagaimana anda menganalisis data
[10 marks / markah]

Answer
30 (a) The current affects the magnetic force.
(b) The higher the current, the stronger the magnetic force
(c) (i) To investigate the relationship between the current and the magnetic force at constant
strength of magnet
(ii) Manipulated variable: current
Responding variable: distance moved by copper wire
Constant variable: strength of magnet used
(iii) Apparatus: metre rule, copper wire, power supply, C-core, magnet, ammeter, bare
copper wire, connecting wire
Materials: bare copper wire, sliding copper wire
(iv)

Operational definition
-The current is measured by ammeter and its value is set by adjusting the rheostat
-The magnetic force is determined by measureing the distance travelled by the sliding
copper wire using metre rule
(v) The switch is on. Start the current, I = 1.0 A by adjusting the rheostat. Then, the switch
is open and put the sliding copper wire at the bare copper wire.

The switch is now closed again and the distance travelled by the sliding copper wire, x,
61
 is measured using metre rule.

The procedure is repeated with values of, I = 2.0 A, 3.0 A, 4.0 A and 5.0 A and the
distance travelled by sliding copper wire, x, are measured respectively.
(vi) I/A x / cm
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
(vii) Plot a graph of x / cm against I / A.

3 Experiment: Number of secondary turns with induced voltage for transformer

1 Diagram 31.1 shows the transformer in the adaptor of a laptop computer.
Digram 31.2 shows the transformer in the adaptor of a small LED television.
Both transformers have identical primary coils.
Rajah 31.1 menunjukkan transformer di dalam penyesuai bagi suatu komputer riba.
Rajah 31.2 menunjukkan transformer di dalam penyesuai bagi sebuah televisyen LED yang kecil.
Kedua-dua transformer mempunyai gegelung primer yang serupa.

Diagram 31.1 / Rajah 31.1 Diagram 31.2 / Rajah 31.2

Based on the observation above:
Berdasarkan pada pemerhatian di atas:
(a) State one suitable inference. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai.
(b) State one suitable hypothesis. [1 mark / markah]
Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai.
(c) With the use of apparatus such as iron core, voltmeter, bulb and other apparatus, describe an
experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in 31(b).
In your description, state clearly the following:
62
 Dengan menggunakan radas seperti teras besi, voltmeter, lampu dan bahan-bahan lain, huraikan satu
rangka eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di 31(b).
Dalam huraian anda, nyatakan dengan jelas perkara berikut:
(i) Aim of the experiment
Tujuan eksperimen ini
(ii) Variables in the experiment
Pembolehubah-pembolehubah di dalam eksperimen
(iii) List of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan-bahan
(iv) Arrangement of the apparatus and materials
Susunan radas dan bahan-bahan
(v) The procedure of the experiment which include the method of controlling the
manipulated variable and the method of measuring the responding variable
Prosedur eksperimen termasuk kaedah mengawal pembolehubah dimanipulasikan dan kaedah
mengukur pembolehubah bergerak balas
(vi) The way you would tabulate the data
Cara bagaimana anda menjadual data
(vii The way you would analyse the data
) Cara bagaimana anda menganalisi data [10 marks / markah]

Answer
3 (a) The magnitude of induced current depends on the number of turns of secondary coils
1
(b) The more number of turns of secondary coils, the higher the magnitude of induced current
(c) (i) To investigate the relationship between number of turns of secondary coils with the
magnitude of induced current
(ii) Manipulated variable: Number of turns of the secondary coil
Responding variable: Magnitude of induced current //or potential difference
Constant variable: Number of turns of primary coils // strength of magnet used
(iii) Apparatus: soft iron, ammeters/voltmeter, C-shape magnet bars, a.c power supply, bulb,
connecting wires
(iv) A
a.c power
supply
Secondary coils
Soft laminated iron core
Operational Definitions:
-The induced current is measured using ammeter
(v) Set up the apparatus as shown, with an input a.c voltage 240 V with 50 turns on the
primary coil.
Set the secondary coil so that the number of turns n = 20
Switch on the power supply. Measure the current, I (with the ammeter) that passes
through the secondary coil.
Repeat the experiment with the number of secondary coils, n = 40, 60, 80 and 100 turns.
The respective ammeter reading, I, are recorded.
(vi) n I/A
20
63
 40
60
80
100
(vii Graph of I / A against n is plotted.
)

END OF PAPER 3 EXPERIMENT

64