PROPOSED ROB AND RUB CONSTRUCTION AT

HERO BAKERY PAKHOWAL ROAD LUDHIANA

(PUNJAB).

OFFICE OF ORIGIN
ADVANCE ENGINEERING CONSULTANT

CONTRACTOR

M/S DEEPAK BUILDERS AND ENGINEERS

CONSULTANT

ADVANCE ENGINEERING CONSULTANT

PROJECT

PROPOSED ROB AND RUB CONSTRUCTION AT HERO BAKERY PAKHOWAL ROAD

LUDHIANA (PUNJAB).

TITLE

DIAPHRAGM WALLDESIGN (DW 01 TO 1DW10) FOR APPROACHES OF RUB

DATE Rev. No. MODIFICATIONS/ PREPARED CHECKED APPROVED

PURPOSE OF ISSUE Name Signature Name Signature Name Signature

17/06/2020 SUBMIOSSION MRP MRP RRP

DN‐01‐060
 DESIGN BASIS REPORT FOR DIAPHRAGM WALL DESIGN

 The earth pressures acting on the diaphragm wall is in accordance with Coulombs equation.

 As per foundation investigation report foundation has been carried out from RL 240.3.

 Foundation investigation report as submitted by FOUNDTEK CONSULTANT for Bore Hole No 4 has been
considered for design of Diaphragm wall

 Shear Parameters considered for design is

0 to 27m = “c”= 0 Kn/m2,Phi = 29 degree

 Permissible Crack width considered for design is 0.3 mm

 Additional Live Load Surcharge of 1.2 from has been considered for Diaphragm wall design.

 Provision of Guide wall is kept as per IS 9556.

 Design has been carried out as per IS 456 in Limit State.

 All RCC work shall be designed in accordance with the provisions of IS : 456 in concrete grade M30 and
reinforcement HYSD TMT Fe500D.

 Permissible Stresses in Concrete shall be in accordance with IS: 456.

 Permissible Stresses in Reinforcement shall be in accordance with IS:456

 Minimum clear cover to main reinforcement for Diaphragm wall adopted is 50mm.

1
2
 

DIAPHRAGM WALL DESIGN FOR TYPE DW 01

3
 DESIGN OF CANTILEVER TYPE DIAPHRAGM WALL FOR RUB DW01 (6.7m HEIGHT)

CANTILEVER TYPE DIAPHRAGM WALL DESIGN

Top R.Lof Wall = 0 m
Live Load Surcharge = 1.2 m
Excavation R.L = -6.7 m
Anchor distance from top of Diaphragm (e) = 0 m
Excavtion R.L = 0 m
LOAD DUE TO SURCHARGE

Surcharge Height h = 1.20 m

Surcharge Density = 18.0 kN/m³

= 0
1= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2

= 2/3  = 19.33

Angel with vertical i = 0

cos²(-
Ka1 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Pressure due to surcharge

p = Ka x x h - 2c SQRT (Ka)
= 0.31 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 1.20 m
= 7.49 kN/m2

R.L = 0.000m

Layer 1 :
Depth h1 = 3.35 m
Density 1= 18.00 kN/m³
1= 29 0 M
c= 0 Kn/m2

p1 = 18.64 kN/m2

Layer 1a P1 = 196.13 Kn
Depth h2 = 3.35 m
Density 2= 18.00 kN/m³
0
2= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2 DREDGE LINE
Z1 = 2.73 m
Excavtion R.L = -6.70m

Layer 2
Density 3= 18.00 kN/m³
0
3= 29 a= 0.470 m
c= 0 Kn/m2

O ANCHORAGE
LENGTH

m= 4.8862 m

4
LAYER 1

Depth h1 = 3.35 m
Density 1= 18.00 kN/m³

1= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2

Coefficient of active Earth pressure (Ka)

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Ka1 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Coefficient of passive Earthpressure (Kp)

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Kp1 =
cos² cos() [ 1 - sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 5.6

Active Earth pressure for ordinate height h1

p1= Ka1 x x h1

= 0.31 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 3.35 m
= 18.64 kN/m2

LAYER 1a

Depth h2 = 3.35 m
Density 1= 18.00 kN/m³

2= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2

Coefficient of active Earthpressure (Ka)

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Ka2 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Coefficient of Passive Earthpressure (Kp)

= 0
0
1= 29

5
 c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Kp2 =
cos² cos() [ 1 - sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 5.600

Active Earth Pressure for ordiante height h2

p2 = Ka2 x x h2
= 0.31 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 3.35 m
= 18.64 kN/m2

Total Pressure ordinate at base = p1+ p2 + p

p (x) = 18.64 kN/m³ + 18.64 kN/m³ + 7.49 kN/m2
p (x) = 44.77 Kn/m2

TOTAL ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE ON DIAPHRAGM WALL UPTO DREDGE LINE

P1 = p x ( h1 + h2) +0.5 x p1 x h1 + p1 x h2 + 0.5 x p2 x h2 + 0.5 x total p (x) x a

= 7.495x(3.350+3.350) + 0.5x18.638x3.350+18.638x 3.350+0.5x18.638x3.350+0.5x44.770xa
= 175.09 + 22.385 a ( where a = 0.5 m from eqn 1)
= 196.13 Kn

LAYER 2

Density 3= 18.00 kN/m³

0
Angle of Repose 1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2

Coefficient of active Earthpressure (Ka)

= 0
1= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Ka3 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Coefficient of Passive Earthpressure (Kp)

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Kp3 =
cos² cos() [ 1 - sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 5.600

Depth (a) = p(x) ------------------------------------- (1)

x (Kp-Ka)
= 44.770/(18.000 x (5.600 - 0.309))
= 0.470 m

6
Total Passive Earth Pressure

K = Kp - Ka
= 5.600 - 0.309
= 5.291

Pp1' = y1 h1 Kp1 + y2 h2 Kp2 +y a K

= (18.000x3.350 x 5.600 )+( 18.000x3.350 x 5.600 )+( 0.470x5.291 x 18.000)
= 337.7 + 337.68 + 44.77
= 720.1 Kn/m2

Now yxK = 18.00 x 5.3

= 95.237

Distance of C.G of active earth pressure from O

P1 x Z1 = (p x (h1+h2) x (a + (h1+h2)/2) + 0.5 x p1 x h1 x (a + h2 + h1/3) + p1 x h2 x (a + h2 /2) + 0.5 x p2 x h2 x (a + h2 /3) +
( total p x a²x2/3) / P1
= 7.495x6.700x3.820+ 0.5 x18.638x3.350x4.937+ 18.638x3.350x2.145+ 0.5 x18.638x3.350x1.59+44.770 x 0.470²x 2/3
Z1 = 2.733 m

Therefore Pp1' = 720.132056 = 7.561 m ----------- (1)

yxK 95.2368459

8P1 = 8 x 196.13 ----------- (2)

yK 18.00 x 5.29
= 16.48

6 P1 6.00 x 196.13 ----------- (3)

x (2 Z1 y3 Kp3 +Pp1') = 2 x ( 2x 2.733x18.000x5.291+ 720.132)
(y3 Kp3)2 ( 18.0 x 5.29 )
= 0.13 x 1240.60
= 161

2
6 P1 Z1 Pp1' + 4 Ra
2
(6 x 196.13 x 2.73 x 720.1 ) + 4x( 196.13 ) ----------- (4)
2 = 2
(y3 K3) ( 18.0 x 5.29 )
= 272.3

By Trial and error method Solving m = equation (4) in below equation

(m4) + ((m3 x eqn(1)) - ( (m2) x eqn(2))-((m3) x eqn (3)) = (m ^4) + (m^3 x 7.56) - (m ^2) x 16.48) - (mx 160.96)
m = 272.2999 m

Total Depth of Anchorge

m = 4.886 m
a = 0.5 m
Factor of Safety = 1.4

D = b + a
= 4.886 m + 0.470 m
= 5.36 m

Total D = 1.4 d
= 7.499 m

But Provided Depth = 7.5 m

Acitve and Passive Pressure upto embeded depth of aplicability

Depth h4 = 13.26 m
Density 4= 18.00 kN/m³

4= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2

Coefficient of active Earthpressure (Ka)

= 0
4= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33

7
 Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Ka4 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Coefficient of Passive Earthpressure (Kp)

= 0
0
4= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Kp4 =
cos² cos() [ 1 - sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 5.600

Active Earth Pressure for upto embeded depth of aplicability

p4 = Ka4 x x h4
= 0.309 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 13.26 m
= 73.75 kN/m2

Passive Earth Pressure for upto embeded depth of aplicability

p4 = Kp4 x x h4
= 5.60 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 5.36 m
= 539.92 kN/m2

REINFORCEMENT CALCULTAION

CHECK FOR BENDING MOMENT @ EARTH SIDE

Moment = 740 kNm (From STAAD)
Factored Moment Mu = 1110 kNm
Grade of Concrete = M 30
Compressive stresses in Concrete = 30
Grade of Steel = FE 500
Depth of Diaphragm wall = 600 mm
Dia of Bar = 16 mm
Cover = 50 mm
Effective depth = 542 mm

Reinforcement requierd calculated as per SP 16

= Mu/bxd^2
= 1110 x 1000000/ 1000x (517) x (517))
= 3.779 N/mm²
Percentage Requied = 1.055
Therefore Area of Steel required = 1.055 x 542 = 57.2 Cm2

Area of Steel Provided = 16 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c + 25 mm dia @ 100 mm c/c

= 59.11 > 57.2 Cm2

Minimum Area of Steel Required = 0.12 x 600

= 7.2 Cm2

Minimum Area of Steel Provided = 16 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c

= 10.048 > 7.2 Cm2

Area of Steel Required in Distribution = 0.12 x 600 x .5

= 3.6 Cm2

Area of Steel Provided in Distribution = 10 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c

= 3.93 > 3.6 Cm2

8
CHECK FOR SHEAR FORCE

Effec. depth of the section = 0.54 m

Width of the Diaphragm wall = 1 m
Shear force (T) = Vu = 93.8 t
Ultimate Shear force Vus = 140.7 t
Area of Steel Provided = 59.11 cm2

For Nominal shear stress

τ v= Vus
bd
= 140.7
1.0 x 0.542
= 2.6 N/mm2
Permissible Shear Stress

Percentage of steel     = 100 x Ast

bd
Longitudinal Steel provided (Ast) = 5911 mm
2

= 100 x 5911
1000 x 542
= 1.0905904 %
τc = 0.68 N/mm2 ( From IS 456:2000)

As τc > τv Shear Reinforcement is not required

Design Shear = 140.7 - 0.68 x ( 600 - 16 - 50 )/10

= 104.4 Ton

No of Legs = 8
Dia of Legs = 12 mm

^2
spacing required = 8 x 0.785 x 12 x 550 x 240
104.4 x 10000
= 114.35 mm

Shear Reinforcement Provided

8 legs of 12 mm dia 110 mm c/c

9
CHECK FOR CRACK WIDTH ON LAND SIDE AS PER IS 456-2000

BEAM SECTION :-
WIDTH (b) = 1000 mm e1
DEPTH (D)= 600 mm
d-x fs/Es D-x
EFFECTIVE DEPTH (d) = 542 mm d D
CLEAR COVER = 50 mm x
Ast = 5911.0 mm²
GRADE OF CONCRETE (fck ) = M 30 fc/Ec
Strain Diagram

ELASTIC MODULUS OF CONCRETE (Ec) = 5000X SQRT(f ck) = 27386.13 N/mm²

ELASTIC MODULUS OF STEEL (Es) = 200000 N/mm²
MODULAR RATIO (m) = 7.3029674
MAXm MOMENT (M s) = 74.00 T/m
BAR DIA = 16 mm
BAR SPACING = 100 mm
FROM DIAGRAM, e1 =(fs/Es)x(D-x)/(d-x) ……………………….( 1 )
Now, FROM THE METHOD OF THE TRANSFORMED SECTION,
So,
b*x*x/2 = m*As*(d-x)
x= 177.42 mm (PUTTING THE VALUE OF b, m , As ,& d )

fs = Ms/(As*(d-x/3)) = 259.27 mm

FROM THE EQUATION (1) ,

e1 = 0.0015 mm

e2 (DUE TO STRAIN HARDENING) = b*(D-x)*(a-x)/{3*Es*As*(d-x)}

TAKING, D=a= 600 mm

e2 = 0.000138 mm < e1
CRACK WIDTH = 3*a cr*ξm/{1+2*(acr-cmin)/(D-x)} (REF. APPENDIX F OF IS 456) …. (2)
HERE, ξm = e1-e2 = 0.001364 mm (REF. APPENDIX F OF IS 456)

ec = COVER + (d/2)
ec = 58 mm

acr = Sqrt[(S/2)²+ec²]-dia/2 (REF. APPENDIX F OF IS 456)

acr = 69 mm

FROM THE EQUATION (2) ,

CRACK WIDTH = 0.27 mm < 0.3, Hence ok

10
 STAAD EDITOR FILE FOR DIAPHRAGM WALL FOR APPROACH
OF UNDERPASS
STAAD PLANE
START JOB INFORMATION
ENGINEER DATE 14-Aug-14
END JOB INFORMATION
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT METER MTON
JOINT COORDINATES
3 0 10.88 0; 6 0 22.88 0;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
3 3 6;
DEFINE MATERIAL START
ISOTROPIC CONCRETE
E 2.21467e+006
POISSON 0.17
DENSITY 2.40262
ALPHA 1e-005
DAMP 0.05
TYPE CONCRETE
STRENGTH FCU 2812.28
END DEFINE MATERIAL
MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN
3 PRIS YD 0.6 ZD 1
CONSTANTS
MATERIAL CONCRETE ALL
SUPPORTS
3 FIXED
LOAD 1 LOADTYPE None TITLE LOAD CASE 1
MEMBER LOAD
3 TRAP GX 7.37 0.75
3 TRAP GX -53.9 0 0 5.36
PERFORM ANALYSIS
PRINT ALL
FINISH
 

11
 12 m

Y
X
Z Load 1

DIAPHRAGM WALL SECTION

7.355 kN/m

0 kN/m

Y
X
Z Load 1
-528.578 kN/m
72.275 kN/m

LOADING DIAGRAM

12
 Max: 737.800 kNm

Y
X Load 1 : Bending Z
Z Moment - kNm

BENDING MOMENT

Max: -938.810 kN
Y
X Load 1 : Shear Y
Z Force - kN

SHEAR FORCE

13
DIAPHRAGM WALL DESIGN FOR TYPE DW 02

14
 DESIGN OF CANTILEVER TYPE DIAPHRAGM WALL FOR RUB DW02 (6.2m HEIGHT)

CANTILEVER TYPE DIAPHRAGM WALL DESIGN

Top R.Lof Wall = 0 m
Live Load Surcharge = 1.2 m
Excavation R.L = -6.2 m
LOAD DUE TO SURCHARGE

Surcharge Height h = 1.20 m

Surcharge Density = 18.0 kN/m³

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2

= 2/3  = 19.33

Angel with vertical i = 0

cos²(-
Ka1 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Pressure due to surcharge

p = Ka x x h - 2c SQRT (Ka)
= 0.31 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 1.20 m
= 7.49 kN/m2

R.L = 0.000m

Layer 1 :
Depth h1 = 3.10 m
Density 1= 18.00 kN/m³
1= 29 0 M
c= 0 Kn/m2

p1 = 17.25 kN/m2

Layer 1a P1 = 171.91 Kn
Depth h2 = 3.10 m
Density 2= 18.00 kN/m³
2= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2 DREDGE LINE
Z1 = 2.55 m
Excavtion R.L = -6.20m

Layer 2
Density 3= 18.00 kN/m³
0
3= 29 a= 0.441 m
c= 0 Kn/m2

O ANCHORAGE
LENGTH

m= 4.5739 m

15
LAYER 1

Depth h1 = 3.10 m
Density 1= 18.00 kN/m³

1= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2

Coefficient of active Earth pressure (Ka)

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Ka1 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Coefficient of passive Earthpressure (Kp)

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Kp1 =
cos² cos() [ 1 - sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 5.6

Active Earth pressure for ordinate height h1

p1= Ka1 x x h1

= 0.31 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 3.10 m
= 17.25 kN/m2

LAYER 1a

Depth h2 = 3.10 m
Density 1= 18.00 kN/m³

2= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2

Coefficient of active Earthpressure (Ka)

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Ka2 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Coefficient of Passive Earthpressure (Kp)

= 0
0
1= 29

16
 c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Kp2 =
cos² cos() [ 1 - sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 5.600

Active Earth Pressure for ordiante height h2

p2 = Ka2 x x h2
= 0.31 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 3.10 m
= 17.25 kN/m2

Total Pressure ordinate at base = p1+ p2 + p

p (x) = 17.25 kN/m³ + 17.25 kN/m³ + 7.49 kN/m2
p (x) = 41.99 Kn/m2

TOTAL ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE ON DIAPHRAGM WALL UPTO DREDGE LINE

P1 = p x ( h1 + h2) +0.5 x p1 x h1 + p1 x h2 + 0.5 x p2 x h2 + 0.5 x total p (x) x a

= 7.495x(3.100+3.100) + 0.5x17.247x3.100+17.247x 3.100+0.5x17.247x3.100+0.5x41.990xa
= 153.40 + 20.995 a ( where a = 0.4 m from eqn 1)
= 171.91 Kn

LAYER 2

Density 3= 18.00 kN/m³

0
Angle of Repose 1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2

Coefficient of active Earthpressure (Ka)

= 0
1= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Ka3 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Coefficient of Passive Earthpressure (Kp)

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Kp3 =
cos² cos() [ 1 - sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 5.600

Depth (a) = p(x) ------------------------------------- (1)

x (Kp-Ka)
= 41.990/(18.000 x (5.600 - 0.309))
= 0.441 m

17
Total Passive Earth Pressure

K = Kp - Ka
= 5.600 - 0.309
= 5.291

Pp1' = y1 h1 Kp1 + y2 h2 Kp2 +y a K

= (18.000x3.100 x 5.600 )+( 18.000x3.100 x 5.600 )+( 0.441x5.291 x 18.000)
= 312.5 + 312.48 + 41.99
= 667 Kn/m2

Now yxK = 18.00 x 5.3

= 95.237

Distance of C.G of active earth pressure from O

P1 x Z1 = (p x (h1+h2) x (a + (h1+h2)/2) + 0.5 x p1 x h1 x (a + h2 + h1/3) + p1 x h2 x (a + h2 /2) + 0.5 x p2 x h2 x (a + h2 /3) +
( total p x a²x2/3) / P1
= 7.495x6.200x3.541+ 0.5 x17.247x3.100x4.574+ 17.247x3.100x1.991+ 0.5 x17.247x3.100x1.47+41.990 x 0.441²x 2/3
Z1 = 2.548 m

Therefore Pp1' = 666.951903 = 7.003 m ----------- (1)

yxK 95.2368459

8P1 = 8 x 171.91 ----------- (2)

yK 18.00 x 5.29
= 14.44

6 P1 6.00 x 171.91 ----------- (3)

x (2 Z1 y3 Kp3 +Pp1') = 2 x ( 2x 2.548x18.000x5.291+ 666.952)
(y3 Kp3)2 ( 18.0 x 5.29 )
= 0.11 x 1152.31
= 131

2
6 P1 Z1 Pp1' + 4 Ra
2
(6 x 171.91 x 2.55 x 667 ) + 4x( 171.91 ) ----------- (4)
= 2
(y3 K3)2 ( 18.0 x 5.29 )
= 206.3

By Trial and error method Solving m = equation (4) in below equation

(m4) + ((m3 x eqn(1)) - ( (m2) x eqn(2))-((m3) x eqn (3)) = (m ^4) + (m^3 x 7.00) - (m ^2) x 14.44) - (mx 131.04)
m = 206.3 m

Total Depth of Anchorge

m = 4.574 m
a = 0.4 m
Factor of Safety = 1.4

D = b + a
= 4.574 m + 0.441 m
= 5.01 m

Total D = 1.4 d
= 7.021 m

But Provided Depth = 7 m

Acitve and Passive Pressure upto embeded depth of aplicability

Depth h4 = 12.41 m
Density 4= 18.00 kN/m³

4= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2

Coefficient of active Earthpressure (Ka)

= 0
4= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33

18
 Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Ka4 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Coefficient of Passive Earthpressure (Kp)

= 0
0
4= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Kp4 =
cos² cos() [ 1 - sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 5.600

Active Earth Pressure for upto embeded depth of aplicability

p4 = Ka4 x x h4
= 0.309 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 12.41 m
= 69.07 kN/m2

Passive Earth Pressure for upto embeded depth of aplicability

p4 = Kp4 x x h4
= 5.60 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 5.01 m
= 505.49 kN/m2

REINFORCEMENT CALCULTAION

CHECK FOR BENDING MOMENT @ EARTH SIDE

Moment = 615 kNm (From STAAD)
Factored Moment Mu = 923 kNm
Grade of Concrete = M 30
Compressive stresses in Concrete = 30
Grade of Steel = FE 500
Depth of Diaphragm wall = 600 mm
Dia of Bar = 16 mm
Cover = 50 mm
Effective depth = 542 mm

Reinforcement requierd calculated as per SP 16

= Mu/bxd^2
= 922.5 x 1000000/ 1000x (517) x (517))
= 3.140 N/mm²
Percentage Requied = 0.844
Therefore Area of Steel required = 0.844 x 542 = 45.7 Cm2

Area of Steel Provided = 16 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c + 32 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c

= 50.24 > 45.7 Cm2

Minimum Area of Steel Required = 0.12 x 600

= 7.2 Cm2

Minimum Area of Steel Provided = 16 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c

= 10.048 > 7.2 Cm2

Area of Steel Required in Distribution = 0.12 x 600 x .5

= 3.6 Cm2

Area of Steel Provided in Distribution = 10 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c

= 3.93 > 3.6 Cm2

19
CHECK FOR SHEAR FORCE

Effec. depth of the section = 0.54 m

Width of the Diaphragm wall = 1 m
Shear force (T) = Vu = 82.0 t
Ultimate Shear force Vus = 123.0 t
Area of Steel Provided = 50.24 cm2

For Nominal shear stress

τ v= Vus
bd
= 123.0
1.0 x 0.542
= 2.27 N/mm2
Permissible Shear Stress

Percentage of steel     = 100 x Ast

bd
Longitudinal Steel provided (Ast) = 5024 mm
2

= 100 x 5024
1000 x 542
= 0.9269373 %
τc = 0.57 N/mm2 ( From IS 456:2000)

As τc > τv Shear Reinforcement is not required

Design Shear = 123.0 - 0.57 x ( 600 - 16 - 50 )/10

= 92.6 Ton

No of Legs = 8
Dia of Legs = 12 mm

^2
spacing required = 8 x 0.785 x 12 x 550 x 240
92.6 x 10000
= 128.96 mm

Shear Reinforcement Provided

8 legs of 12 mm dia 120 mm c/c

20
CHECK FOR CRACK WIDTH ON LAND SIDE AS PER IS 456-2000

BEAM SECTION :-
WIDTH (b) = 1000 mm e1
DEPTH (D)= 600 mm
d-x fs/Es D-x
EFFECTIVE DEPTH (d) = 542 mm d D
CLEAR COVER = 50 mm x
Ast = 5024.0 mm²
GRADE OF CONCRETE (fck ) = M 30 fc/Ec
Strain Diagram

ELASTIC MODULUS OF CONCRETE (Ec) = 5000X SQRT(f ck) = 27386.13 N/mm²

ELASTIC MODULUS OF STEEL (Es) = 200000 N/mm²
MODULAR RATIO (m) = 7.3029674
MAXm MOMENT (M s) = 61.50 T/m
BAR DIA = 16 mm
BAR SPACING = 100 mm
FROM DIAGRAM, e1 =(fs/Es)x(D-x)/(d-x) ……………………….( 1 )
Now, FROM THE METHOD OF THE TRANSFORMED SECTION,
So,
b*x*x/2 = m*As*(d-x)
x= 166.09 mm (PUTTING THE VALUE OF b, m , As ,& d )

fs = Ms/(As*(d-x/3)) = 251.55 mm

FROM THE EQUATION (1) ,

e1 = 0.0015 mm

e2 (DUE TO STRAIN HARDENING) = b*(D-x)*(a-x)/{3*Es*As*(d-x)}

TAKING, D=a= 600 mm

e2 = 0.000166 mm < e1
CRACK WIDTH = 3*a cr*ξm/{1+2*(acr-cmin)/(D-x)} (REF. APPENDIX F OF IS 456) …. (2)
HERE, ξm = e1-e2 = 0.001286 mm (REF. APPENDIX F OF IS 456)

ec = COVER + (d/2)
ec = 58 mm

acr = Sqrt[(S/2)²+ec²]-dia/2 (REF. APPENDIX F OF IS 456)

acr = 69 mm

FROM THE EQUATION (2) ,

CRACK WIDTH = 0.25 mm < 0.3, Hence ok

21
 STAAD EDITOR FILE FOR DIAPHRAGM WALL FOR APPROACH
OF UNDERPASS
STAAD PLANE
START JOB INFORMATION
ENGINEER DATE 14-Aug-14
END JOB INFORMATION
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT METER MTON
JOINT COORDINATES
3 0 11.68 0; 6 0 22.88 0;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
3 3 6;
DEFINE MATERIAL START
ISOTROPIC CONCRETE
E 2.21467e+006
POISSON 0.17
DENSITY 2.40262
ALPHA 1e-005
DAMP 0.05
TYPE CONCRETE
STRENGTH FCU 2812.28
END DEFINE MATERIAL
MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN
3 PRIS YD 0.6 ZD 1
CONSTANTS
MATERIAL CONCRETE ALL
SUPPORTS
3 FIXED
LOAD 1 LOADTYPE None TITLE LOAD CASE 1
MEMBER LOAD
3 TRAP GX 6.9 0.75
3 TRAP GX -50.5 -0 0 5.01
PERFORM ANALYSIS
PRINT ALL
FINISH
 

22
 11.2 m

Y
X
Z Load 1

SECTION

7.355 kN/m

0 kN/m

Y
X
Z Load 1
-495.236 kN/m
67.666 kN/m

LOADING DIAGRAM

23
 Max: 612.590 kNm

Y
X Load 1 : Bending Z
Z Moment - kNm

BENDING MOMENT

Max: -820.449 kN
Y
X Load 1 : Shear Y
Z Force - kN

SHEAR FORCE

24
DIAPHRAGM WALL DESIGN FOR TYPE DW 03

25
 DESIGN OF CANTILEVER TYPE DIAPHRAGM WALL FOR RUB DW03 (5.7m HEIGHT)

CANTILEVER TYPE DIAPHRAGM WALL DESIGN

Top R.Lof Wall = 0 m
Live Load Surcharge = 1.2 m
Excavation R.L = -5.7 m
LOAD DUE TO SURCHARGE

Surcharge Height h = 1.20 m

Surcharge Density = 18.0 kN/m³

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2

= 2/3  = 19.33

Angel with vertical i = 0

cos²(-
Ka1 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Pressure due to surcharge

p = Ka x x h - 2c SQRT (Ka)
= 0.31 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 1.20 m
= 7.49 kN/m2

R.L = 0.000m

Layer 1 :
Depth h1 = 2.85 m
Density 1= 18.00 kN/m³
1= 29 0 M
c= 0 Kn/m2

p1 = 15.86 kN/m2

Layer 1a P1 = 149.24 Kn
Depth h2 = 2.85 m
Density 2= 18.00 kN/m³
2= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2 DREDGE LINE
Z1 = 2.36 m
Excavtion R.L = -5.70m

Layer 2
Density 3= 18.00 kN/m³
0
3= 29 a= 0.412 m
c= 0 Kn/m2

O ANCHORAGE
LENGTH

m= 4.2608 m

26
LAYER 1

Depth h1 = 2.85 m
Density 1= 18.00 kN/m³

1= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2

Coefficient of active Earth pressure (Ka)

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Ka1 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Coefficient of passive Earthpressure (Kp)

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Kp1 =
cos² cos() [ 1 - sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 5.6

Active Earth pressure for ordinate height h1

p1= Ka1 x x h1

= 0.31 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 2.85 m
= 15.86 kN/m2

LAYER 1a

Depth h2 = 2.85 m
Density 1= 18.00 kN/m³

2= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2

Coefficient of active Earthpressure (Ka)

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Ka2 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Coefficient of Passive Earthpressure (Kp)

= 0
0
1= 29

27
 c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Kp2 =
cos² cos() [ 1 - sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 5.600

Active Earth Pressure for ordiante height h2

p2 = Ka2 x x h2
= 0.31 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 2.85 m
= 15.86 kN/m2

Total Pressure ordinate at base = p1+ p2 + p

p (x) = 15.86 kN/m³ + 15.86 kN/m³ + 7.49 kN/m2
p (x) = 39.21 Kn/m2

TOTAL ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE ON DIAPHRAGM WALL UPTO DREDGE LINE

P1 = p x ( h1 + h2) +0.5 x p1 x h1 + p1 x h2 + 0.5 x p2 x h2 + 0.5 x total p (x) x a

= 7.495x(2.850+2.850) + 0.5x15.856x2.850+15.856x 2.850+0.5x15.856x2.850+0.5x39.210xa
= 133.10 + 19.605 a ( where a = 0.4 m from eqn 1)
= 149.24 Kn

LAYER 2

Density 3= 18.00 kN/m³

0
Angle of Repose 1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2

Coefficient of active Earthpressure (Ka)

= 0
1= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Ka3 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Coefficient of Passive Earthpressure (Kp)

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Kp3 =
cos² cos() [ 1 - sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 5.600

Depth (a) = p(x) ------------------------------------- (1)

x (Kp-Ka)
= 39.210/(18.000 x (5.600 - 0.309))
= 0.412 m

28
Total Passive Earth Pressure

K = Kp - Ka
= 5.600 - 0.309
= 5.291

Pp1' = y1 h1 Kp1 + y2 h2 Kp2 +y a K

= (18.000x2.850 x 5.600 )+( 18.000x2.850 x 5.600 )+( 0.412x5.291 x 18.000)
= 287.3 + 287.28 + 39.21
= 613.8 Kn/m2

Now yxK = 18.00 x 5.3

= 95.237

Distance of C.G of active earth pressure from O

P1 x Z1 = (p x (h1+h2) x (a + (h1+h2)/2) + 0.5 x p1 x h1 x (a + h2 + h1/3) + p1 x h2 x (a + h2 /2) + 0.5 x p2 x h2 x (a + h2 /3) +
( total p x a²x2/3) / P1
= 7.495x5.700x3.262+ 0.5 x15.856x2.850x4.212+ 15.856x2.850x1.837+ 0.5 x15.856x2.850x1.36+39.210 x 0.412²x 2/3
Z1 = 2.363 m

Therefore Pp1' = 613.77175 = 6.445 m ----------- (1)

yxK 95.2368459

8P1 = 8 x 149.24 ----------- (2)

yK 18.00 x 5.29
= 12.54

6 P1 6.00 x 149.24 ----------- (3)

x (2 Z1 y3 Kp3 +Pp1') = 2 x ( 2x 2.363x18.000x5.291+ 613.772)
(y3 Kp3)2 ( 18.0 x 5.29 )
= 0.10 x 1063.86
= 105

2
6 P1 Z1 Pp1' + 4 Ra
2
(6 x 149.24 x 2.36 x 613.8 ) + 4x( 149.24 ) ----------- (4)
2 = 2
(y3 K3) ( 18.0 x 5.29 )
= 153

By Trial and error method Solving m = equation (4) in below equation

(m4) + ((m3 x eqn(1)) - ( (m2) x eqn(2))-((m3) x eqn (3)) = (m ^4) + (m^3 x 6.44) - (m ^2) x 12.54) - (mx 105.03)
m = 153 m

Total Depth of Anchorge

m = 4.261 m
a = 0.4 m
Factor of Safety = 1.4

D = b + a
= 4.261 m + 0.412 m
= 4.67 m

Total D = 1.4 d
= 6.542 m

But Provided Depth = 6.5 m

Acitve and Passive Pressure upto embeded depth of aplicability

Depth h4 = 11.57 m
Density 4= 18.00 kN/m³

4= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2

Coefficient of active Earthpressure (Ka)

= 0
4= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33

29
 Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Ka4 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Coefficient of Passive Earthpressure (Kp)

= 0
0
4= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Kp4 =
cos² cos() [ 1 - sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 5.600

Active Earth Pressure for upto embeded depth of aplicability

p4 = Ka4 x x h4
= 0.309 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 11.57 m
= 64.38 kN/m2

Passive Earth Pressure for upto embeded depth of aplicability

p4 = Kp4 x x h4
= 5.60 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 4.67 m
= 470.99 kN/m2

REINFORCEMENT CALCULTAION

CHECK FOR BENDING MOMENT @ EARTH SIDE

Moment = 485 kNm (From STAAD)
Factored Moment Mu = 728 kNm
Grade of Concrete = M 30
Compressive stresses in Concrete = 30
Grade of Steel = FE 500
Depth of Diaphragm wall = 600 mm
Dia of Bar = 16 mm
Cover = 50 mm
Effective depth = 542 mm

Reinforcement requierd calculated as per SP 16

= Mu/bxd^2
= 727.5 x 1000000/ 1000x (517) x (517))
= 2.476 N/mm²
Percentage Requied = 0.638
Therefore Area of Steel required = 0.638 x 542 = 34.6 Cm2

Area of Steel Provided = 16 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c + 20 mm dia @ 100 mm c/c

= 41.45 > 34.6 Cm2

Minimum Area of Steel Required = 0.12 x 600

= 7.2 Cm2

Minimum Area of Steel Provided = 16 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c

= 10.048 > 7.2 Cm2

Area of Steel Required in Distribution = 0.12 x 600 x .5

= 3.6 Cm2

Area of Steel Provided in Distribution = 10 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c

= 3.93 > 3.6 Cm2

30
CHECK FOR SHEAR FORCE

Effec. depth of the section = 0.54 m

Width of the Diaphragm wall = 1 m
Shear force (T) = Vu = 71.5 t
Ultimate Shear force Vus = 107.3 t
Area of Steel Provided = 41.45 cm2

For Nominal shear stress

τ v= Vus
bd
= 107.3
1.0 x 0.542
= 1.98 N/mm2
Permissible Shear Stress

Percentage of steel     = 100 x Ast

bd
Longitudinal Steel provided (Ast) = 4145 mm
2

= 100 x 4145
1000 x 542
= 0.7647601 %
τc = 0.57 N/mm2 ( From IS 456:2000)

As τc > τv Shear Reinforcement is not required

Design Shear = 107.3 - 0.57 x ( 600 - 16 - 50 )/10

= 76.8 Ton

No of Legs = 6
Dia of Legs = 12 mm

^2
spacing required = 6 x 0.785 x 12 x 550 x 240
76.8 x 10000
= 116.55 mm

Shear Reinforcement Provided

6 legs of 12 mm dia 110 mm c/c

31
CHECK FOR CRACK WIDTH ON LAND SIDE AS PER IS 456-2000

BEAM SECTION :-
WIDTH (b) = 1000 mm e1
DEPTH (D)= 600 mm
d-x fs/Es D-x
EFFECTIVE DEPTH (d) = 542 mm d D
CLEAR COVER = 50 mm x
Ast = 4145.0 mm²
GRADE OF CONCRETE (fck ) = M 30 fc/Ec
Strain Diagram

ELASTIC MODULUS OF CONCRETE (Ec) = 5000X SQRT(f ck) = 27386.13 N/mm²

ELASTIC MODULUS OF STEEL (Es) = 200000 N/mm²
MODULAR RATIO (m) = 7.3029674
MAXm MOMENT (M s) = 48.50 T/m
BAR DIA = 16 mm
BAR SPACING = 100 mm
FROM DIAGRAM, e1 =(fs/Es)x(D-x)/(d-x) ……………………….( 1 )
Now, FROM THE METHOD OF THE TRANSFORMED SECTION,
So,
b*x*x/2 = m*As*(d-x)
x= 153.39 mm (PUTTING THE VALUE OF b, m , As ,& d )

fs = Ms/(As*(d-x/3)) = 238.37 mm

FROM THE EQUATION (1) ,

e1 = 0.0014 mm

e2 (DUE TO STRAIN HARDENING) = b*(D-x)*(a-x)/{3*Es*As*(d-x)}

TAKING, D=a= 600 mm

e2 = 0.000206 mm < e1
CRACK WIDTH = 3*a cr*ξm/{1+2*(acr-cmin)/(D-x)} (REF. APPENDIX F OF IS 456) …. (2)
HERE, ξm = e1-e2 = 0.001163 mm (REF. APPENDIX F OF IS 456)

ec = COVER + (d/2)
ec = 58 mm

acr = Sqrt[(S/2)²+ec²]-dia/2 (REF. APPENDIX F OF IS 456)

acr = 69 mm

FROM THE EQUATION (2) ,

CRACK WIDTH = 0.23 mm < 0.3, Hence ok

32
STAAD EDITOR FILE FOR DIAPHRAGM WALL FOR APPROACH
OF UNDERPASS
STAAD PLANE
START JOB INFORMATION
ENGINEER DATE 14-Aug-14
END JOB INFORMATION
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT METER MTON
JOINT COORDINATES
3 0 12.58 0; 6 0 22.88 0;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
3 3 6;
DEFINE MATERIAL START
ISOTROPIC CONCRETE
E 2.21467e+006
POISSON 0.17
DENSITY 2.40262
ALPHA 1e-005
DAMP 0.05
TYPE CONCRETE
STRENGTH FCU 2812.28
END DEFINE MATERIAL
MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN
3 PRIS YD 0.6 ZD 1
CONSTANTS
MATERIAL CONCRETE ALL
SUPPORTS
3 FIXED
LOAD 1 LOADTYPE None TITLE LOAD CASE 1
MEMBER LOAD
3 TRAP GX 6.44 0.75
3 TRAP GX -47 -0 0 4.67
PERFORM ANALYSIS
PRINT ALL
FINISH 

33
 10.3 m

Y
X
Z Load 1

DIAPHRAGM WALL SECTION

7.355 kN/m

10.3 m

0 kN/m

Y
X
Z Load 1
-460.913 kN/m
63.155 kN/m

LOADING DIAGRAM

34
 Max: 484.183 kNm

Y
X Load 1 : Bending Z
Z Moment - kNm

BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM

Max: -713.106 kN
Y
X Load 1 : Shear Y
Z Force - kN

SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM

35
DIAPHRAGM WALL DESIGN FOR TYPE DW 04

36
 DESIGN OF CANTILEVER TYPE DIAPHRAGM WALL FOR RUB DW04 (5.3m HEIGHT)

CANTILEVER TYPE DIAPHRAGM WALL DESIGN

Top R.Lof Wall = 0 m
Live Load Surcharge = 1.2 m
Excavation R.L = -5.3 m
LOAD DUE TO SURCHARGE

Surcharge Height h = 1.20 m

Surcharge Density = 18.0 kN/m³

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2

= 2/3  = 19.33

Angel with vertical i = 0

cos²(-
Ka1 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Pressure due to surcharge

p = Ka x x h - 2c SQRT (Ka)
= 0.31 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 1.20 m
= 7.49 kN/m2

R.L = 0.000m

Layer 1 :
Depth h1 = 2.65 m
Density 1= 18.00 kN/m³
1= 29 0 M
c= 0 Kn/m2

p1 = 14.74 kN/m2

Layer 1a P1 = 132.22 Kn
Depth h2 = 2.65 m
Density 2= 18.00 kN/m³
2= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2 DREDGE LINE
Z1 = 2.21 m
Excavtion R.L = -5.30m

Layer 2
Density 3= 18.00 kN/m³
0
3= 29 a= 0.388 m
c= 0 Kn/m2

O ANCHORAGE
LENGTH

m= 4.0096 m

37
LAYER 1

Depth h1 = 2.65 m
Density 1= 18.00 kN/m³

1= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2

Coefficient of active Earth pressure (Ka)

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Ka1 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Coefficient of passive Earthpressure (Kp)

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Kp1 =
cos² cos() [ 1 - sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 5.6

Active Earth pressure for ordinate height h1

p1= Ka1 x x h1

= 0.31 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 2.65 m
= 14.74 kN/m2

LAYER 1a

Depth h2 = 2.65 m
Density 1= 18.00 kN/m³

2= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2

Coefficient of active Earthpressure (Ka)

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Ka2 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Coefficient of Passive Earthpressure (Kp)

= 0
0
1= 29

38
 c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Kp2 =
cos² cos() [ 1 - sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 5.600

Active Earth Pressure for ordiante height h2

p2 = Ka2 x x h2
= 0.31 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 2.65 m
= 14.74 kN/m2

Total Pressure ordinate at base = p1+ p2 + p

p (x) = 14.74 kN/m³ + 14.74 kN/m³ + 7.49 kN/m2
p (x) = 36.98 Kn/m2

TOTAL ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE ON DIAPHRAGM WALL UPTO DREDGE LINE

P1 = p x ( h1 + h2) +0.5 x p1 x h1 + p1 x h2 + 0.5 x p2 x h2 + 0.5 x total p (x) x a

= 7.495x(2.650+2.650) + 0.5x14.743x2.650+14.743x 2.650+0.5x14.743x2.650+0.5x36.980xa
= 117.86 + 18.490 a ( where a = 0.4 m from eqn 1)
= 132.22 Kn

LAYER 2

Density 3= 18.00 kN/m³

0
Angle of Repose 1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2

Coefficient of active Earthpressure (Ka)

= 0
1= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Ka3 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Coefficient of Passive Earthpressure (Kp)

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Kp3 =
cos² cos() [ 1 - sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 5.600

Depth (a) = p(x) ------------------------------------- (1)

x (Kp-Ka)
= 36.980/(18.000 x (5.600 - 0.309))
= 0.388 m

39
Total Passive Earth Pressure

K = Kp - Ka
= 5.600 - 0.309
= 5.291

Pp1' = y1 h1 Kp1 + y2 h2 Kp2 +y a K

= (18.000x2.650 x 5.600 )+( 18.000x2.650 x 5.600 )+( 0.388x5.291 x 18.000)
= 267.1 + 267.12 + 36.98
= 571.2 Kn/m2

Now yxK = 18.00 x 5.3

= 95.237

Distance of C.G of active earth pressure from O

P1 x Z1 = (p x (h1+h2) x (a + (h1+h2)/2) + 0.5 x p1 x h1 x (a + h2 + h1/3) + p1 x h2 x (a + h2 /2) + 0.5 x p2 x h2 x (a + h2 /3) +
( total p x a²x2/3) / P1
= 7.495x5.300x3.038+ 0.5 x14.743x2.650x3.922+ 14.743x2.650x1.713+ 0.5 x14.743x2.650x1.27+36.980 x 0.388²x 2/3
Z1 = 2.214 m

Therefore Pp1' = 571.221627 = 5.998 m ----------- (1)

yxK 95.2368459

8P1 = 8 x 132.22 ----------- (2)

yK 18.00 x 5.29
= 11.11

6 P1 6.00 x 132.22 ----------- (3)

x (2 Z1 y3 Kp3 +Pp1') = 2 x ( 2x 2.214x18.000x5.291+ 571.222)
(y3 Kp3)2 ( 18.0 x 5.29 )
= 0.09 x 992.96
= 86.85

2
6 P1 Z1 Pp1' + 4 Ra
2
(6 x 132.22 x 2.21 x 571.2 ) + 4x( 132.22 ) ----------- (4)
= 2
(y3 K3)2 ( 18.0 x 5.29 )
= 118.3

By Trial and error method Solving m = equation (4) in below equation

(m4) + ((m3 x eqn(1)) - ( (m2) x eqn(2))-((m3) x eqn (3)) = (m ^4) + (m^3 x 6.00) - (m ^2) x 11.11) - (mx 86.85)
m = 118.3 m

Total Depth of Anchorge

m = 4.01 m
a = 0.4 m
Factor of Safety = 1.4

D = b + a
= 4.01 m + 0.388 m
= 4.40 m

Total D = 1.4 d
= 6.157 m

But Provided Depth = 6.2 m

Acitve and Passive Pressure upto embeded depth of aplicability

Depth h4 = 10.90 m
Density 4= 18.00 kN/m³

4= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2

Coefficient of active Earthpressure (Ka)

= 0
4= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33

40
 Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Ka4 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Coefficient of Passive Earthpressure (Kp)

= 0
0
4= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Kp4 =
cos² cos() [ 1 - sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 5.600

Active Earth Pressure for upto embeded depth of aplicability

p4 = Ka4 x x h4
= 0.309 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 10.90 m
= 60.63 kN/m2

Passive Earth Pressure for upto embeded depth of aplicability

p4 = Kp4 x x h4
= 5.60 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 4.40 m
= 443.31 kN/m2

REINFORCEMENT CALCULTAION

CHECK FOR BENDING MOMENT @ EARTH SIDE

Moment = 420 kNm (From STAAD)
Factored Moment Mu = 630 kNm
Grade of Concrete = M 30
Compressive stresses in Concrete = 30
Grade of Steel = FE 500
Depth of Diaphragm wall = 600 mm
Dia of Bar = 16 mm
Cover = 50 mm
Effective depth = 542 mm

Reinforcement requierd calculated as per SP 16

= Mu/bxd^2
= 630 x 1000000/ 1000x (517) x (517))
= 2.145 N/mm²
Percentage Requied = 0.544
Therefore Area of Steel required = 0.544 x 542 = 29.5 Cm2

Area of Steel Provided = 16 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c + 25 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c

= 34.58 > 29.5 Cm2

Minimum Area of Steel Required = 0.12 x 600

= 7.2 Cm2

Minimum Area of Steel Provided = 16 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c

= 10.048 > 7.2 Cm2

Area of Steel Required in Distribution = 0.12 x 600 x .5

= 3.6 Cm2

Area of Steel Provided in Distribution = 10 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c

= 3.93 > 3.6 Cm2

41
CHECK FOR SHEAR FORCE

Effec. depth of the section = 0.54 m

Width of the Diaphragm wall = 1 m
Shear force (T) = Vu = 62.0 t
Ultimate Shear force Vus = 93.0 t
Area of Steel Provided = 34.58 cm2

For Nominal shear stress

τ v= Vus
bd
= 93.0
1.0 x 0.542
= 1.72 N/mm2
Permissible Shear Stress

Percentage of steel     = 100 x Ast

bd
Longitudinal Steel provided (Ast) = 3458 mm
2

= 100 x 3458
1000 x 542
= 0.6380074 %
τc = 0.55 N/mm2 ( From IS 456:2000)

As τc > τv Shear Reinforcement is not required

Design Shear = 93.0 - 0.55 x ( 600 - 16 - 50 )/10

= 63.6 Ton

No of Legs = 8
Dia of Legs = 10 mm

^2
spacing required = 8 x 0.785 x 10 x 550 x 240
63.6 x 10000
= 130.28 mm

Shear Reinforcement Provided

8 legs of 10 mm dia 120 mm c/c

42
CHECK FOR CRACK WIDTH ON LAND SIDE AS PER IS 456-2000

BEAM SECTION :-
WIDTH (b) = 1000 mm e1
DEPTH (D)= 600 mm
d-x fs/Es D-x
EFFECTIVE DEPTH (d) = 542 mm d D
CLEAR COVER = 50 mm x
Ast = 3458.0 mm²
GRADE OF CONCRETE (fck ) = M 30 fc/Ec
Strain Diagram

ELASTIC MODULUS OF CONCRETE (Ec) = 5000X SQRT(f ck) = 27386.13 N/mm²

ELASTIC MODULUS OF STEEL (Es) = 200000 N/mm²
MODULAR RATIO (m) = 7.3029674
MAXm MOMENT (M s) = 42.00 T/m
BAR DIA = 16 mm
BAR SPACING = 100 mm
FROM DIAGRAM, e1 =(fs/Es)x(D-x)/(d-x) ……………………….( 1 )
Now, FROM THE METHOD OF THE TRANSFORMED SECTION,
So,
b*x*x/2 = m*As*(d-x)
x= 142.12 mm (PUTTING THE VALUE OF b, m , As ,& d )

fs = Ms/(As*(d-x/3)) = 245.55 mm

FROM THE EQUATION (1) ,

e1 = 0.0014 mm

e2 (DUE TO STRAIN HARDENING) = b*(D-x)*(a-x)/{3*Es*As*(d-x)}

TAKING, D=a= 600 mm

e2 = 0.000253 mm < e1
CRACK WIDTH = 3*a cr*ξm/{1+2*(acr-cmin)/(D-x)} (REF. APPENDIX F OF IS 456) …. (2)
HERE, ξm = e1-e2 = 0.001153 mm (REF. APPENDIX F OF IS 456)

ec = COVER + (d/2)
ec = 58 mm

acr = Sqrt[(S/2)²+ec²]-dia/2 (REF. APPENDIX F OF IS 456)

acr = 69 mm

FROM THE EQUATION (2) ,

CRACK WIDTH = 0.23 mm < 0.3, Hence ok

43
 STAAD EDITOR FILE FOR DIAPHRAGM WALL FOR APPROACH
OF UNDERPASS
STAAD PLANE
START JOB INFORMATION
ENGINEER DATE 14-Aug-14
END JOB INFORMATION
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT METER MTON
JOINT COORDINATES
3 0 13.18 0; 6 0 22.88 0;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
3 3 6;
DEFINE MATERIAL START
ISOTROPIC CONCRETE
E 2.21467e+006
POISSON 0.17
DENSITY 2.40262
ALPHA 1e-005
DAMP 0.05
TYPE CONCRETE
STRENGTH FCU 2812.28
END DEFINE MATERIAL
MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN
3 PRIS YD 0.6 ZD 1
CONSTANTS
MATERIAL CONCRETE ALL
SUPPORTS
3 FIXED
LOAD 1 LOADTYPE None TITLE LOAD CASE 1
MEMBER LOAD
3 TRAP GX 6.06 0.75
3 TRAP GX -44.3 -0 0 4.4
PERFORM ANALYSIS
PRINT ALL
FINISH
 

44
 9.7 m

Y
X
Z Load 1

DIAPHRAGM WALL SECTION

7.355 kN/m

0 kN/m

Y
X
Z Load 1
-434.435 kN/m
59.428 kN/m

LOADING DIAGRAM

45
 Max: 412.158 kNm

Y
X Load 1 : Bending Z
Z Moment - kNm

BENDING MOMENT

Y Max: -631.857 kN
X Load 1 : Shear Y
Z Force - kN

SHEAR FORCE

46
DIAPHRAGM WALL DESIGN FOR TYPE DW 05

47
 DESIGN OF CANTILEVER TYPE DIAPHRAGM WALL FOR RUB DW05 (4.8m HEIGHT)

CANTILEVER TYPE DIAPHRAGM WALL DESIGN

Top R.Lof Wall = 0 m
Live Load Surcharge = 1.2 m
Excavation R.L = -4.8 m
LOAD DUE TO SURCHARGE

Surcharge Height h = 1.20 m

Surcharge Density = 18.0 kN/m³

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2

= 2/3  = 19.33

Angel with vertical i = 0

cos²(-
Ka1 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Pressure due to surcharge

p = Ka x x h - 2c SQRT (Ka)
= 0.31 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 1.20 m
= 7.49 kN/m2

R.L = 0.000m

Layer 1 :
Depth h1 = 2.40 m
Density 1= 18.00 kN/m³
1= 29 0 M
c= 0 Kn/m2

p1 = 13.35 kN/m2

Layer 1a P1 = 112.35 Kn
Depth h2 = 2.40 m
Density 2= 18.00 kN/m³
2= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2 DREDGE LINE
Z1 = 2.03 m
Excavtion R.L = -4.80m

Layer 2
Density 3= 18.00 kN/m³
0
3= 29 a= 0.359 m
c= 0 Kn/m2

O ANCHORAGE
LENGTH

m= 3.6947 m

48
LAYER 1

Depth h1 = 2.40 m
Density 1= 18.00 kN/m³

1= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2

Coefficient of active Earth pressure (Ka)

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Ka1 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Coefficient of passive Earthpressure (Kp)

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Kp1 =
cos² cos() [ 1 - sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 5.6

Active Earth pressure for ordinate height h1

p1= Ka1 x x h1

= 0.31 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 2.40 m
= 13.35 kN/m2

LAYER 1a

Depth h2 = 2.40 m
Density 1= 18.00 kN/m³

2= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2

Coefficient of active Earthpressure (Ka)

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Ka2 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Coefficient of Passive Earthpressure (Kp)

= 0
0
1= 29

49
 c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Kp2 =
cos² cos() [ 1 - sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 5.600

Active Earth Pressure for ordiante height h2

p2 = Ka2 x x h2
= 0.31 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 2.40 m
= 13.35 kN/m2

Total Pressure ordinate at base = p1+ p2 + p

p (x) = 13.35 kN/m³ + 13.35 kN/m³ + 7.49 kN/m2
p (x) = 34.20 Kn/m2

TOTAL ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE ON DIAPHRAGM WALL UPTO DREDGE LINE

P1 = p x ( h1 + h2) +0.5 x p1 x h1 + p1 x h2 + 0.5 x p2 x h2 + 0.5 x total p (x) x a

= 7.495x(2.400+2.400) + 0.5x13.352x2.400+13.352x 2.400+0.5x13.352x2.400+0.5x34.200xa
= 100.07 + 17.100 a ( where a = 0.4 m from eqn 1)
= 112.35 Kn

LAYER 2

Density 3= 18.00 kN/m³

0
Angle of Repose 1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2

Coefficient of active Earthpressure (Ka)

= 0
1= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Ka3 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Coefficient of Passive Earthpressure (Kp)

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Kp3 =
cos² cos() [ 1 - sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 5.600

Depth (a) = p(x) ------------------------------------- (1)

x (Kp-Ka)
= 34.200/(18.000 x (5.600 - 0.309))
= 0.359 m

50
Total Passive Earth Pressure

K = Kp - Ka
= 5.600 - 0.309
= 5.291

Pp1' = y1 h1 Kp1 + y2 h2 Kp2 +y a K

= (18.000x2.400 x 5.600 )+( 18.000x2.400 x 5.600 )+( 0.359x5.291 x 18.000)
= 241.9 + 241.92 + 34.2
= 518 Kn/m2

Now yxK = 18.00 x 5.3

= 95.237

Distance of C.G of active earth pressure from O

P1 x Z1 = (p x (h1+h2) x (a + (h1+h2)/2) + 0.5 x p1 x h1 x (a + h2 + h1/3) + p1 x h2 x (a + h2 /2) + 0.5 x p2 x h2 x (a + h2 /3) +
( total p x a²x2/3) / P1
= 7.495x4.800x2.759+ 0.5 x13.352x2.400x3.559+ 13.352x2.400x1.559+ 0.5 x13.352x2.400x1.16+34.200 x 0.359²x 2/3
Z1 = 2.027 m

Therefore Pp1' = 518.041473 = 5.44 m ----------- (1)

yxK 95.2368459

8P1 = 8 x 112.35 ----------- (2)

yK 18.00 x 5.29
= 9.437

6 P1 6.00 x 112.35 ----------- (3)

x (2 Z1 y3 Kp3 +Pp1') = 2 x ( 2x 2.027x18.000x5.291+ 518.041)
(y3 Kp3)2 ( 18.0 x 5.29 )
= 0.07 x 904.13
= 67.19

2
6 P1 Z1 Pp1' + 4 Ra
2
(6 x 112.35 x 2.03 x 518 ) + 4x( 112.35 ) ----------- (4)
2 = 2
(y3 K3) ( 18.0 x 5.29 )
= 83.61

By Trial and error method Solving m = equation (4) in below equation

(m4) + ((m3 x eqn(1)) - ( (m2) x eqn(2))-((m3) x eqn (3)) = (m ^4) + (m^3 x 5.44) - (m ^2) x 9.44) - (mx 67.19)
m = 83.61003 m

Total Depth of Anchorge

m = 3.695 m
a = 0.4 m
Factor of Safety = 1.4

D = b + a
= 3.695 m + 0.359 m
= 4.05 m

Total D = 1.4 d
= 5.675 m

But Provided Depth = 5.7 m

Acitve and Passive Pressure upto embeded depth of aplicability

Depth h4 = 10.05 m
Density 4= 18.00 kN/m³

4= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2

Coefficient of active Earthpressure (Ka)

= 0
4= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33

51
 Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Ka4 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Coefficient of Passive Earthpressure (Kp)

= 0
0
4= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Kp4 =
cos² cos() [ 1 - sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 5.600

Active Earth Pressure for upto embeded depth of aplicability

p4 = Ka4 x x h4
= 0.309 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 10.05 m
= 55.93 kN/m2

Passive Earth Pressure for upto embeded depth of aplicability

p4 = Kp4 x x h4
= 5.60 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 4.05 m
= 408.63 kN/m2

REINFORCEMENT CALCULTAION

CHECK FOR BENDING MOMENT @ EARTH SIDE

Moment = 320 kNm (From STAAD)
Factored Moment Mu = 480 kNm
Grade of Concrete = M 30
Compressive stresses in Concrete = 30
Grade of Steel = FE 500
Depth of Diaphragm wall = 600 mm
Dia of Bar = 16 mm
Cover = 50 mm
Effective depth = 542 mm

Reinforcement requierd calculated as per SP 16

= Mu/bxd^2
= 480 x 1000000/ 1000x (517) x (517))
= 1.634 N/mm²
Percentage Requied = 0.407
Therefore Area of Steel required = 0.407 x 542 = 22.1 Cm2

Area of Steel Provided = 16 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c + 20 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c

= 25.75 > 22.1 Cm2

Minimum Area of Steel Required = 0.12 x 600

= 7.2 Cm2

Minimum Area of Steel Provided = 16 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c

= 10.048 > 7.2 Cm2

Area of Steel Required in Distribution = 0.12 x 600 x .5

= 3.6 Cm2

Area of Steel Provided in Distribution = 10 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c

= 3.93 > 3.6 Cm2

52
CHECK FOR SHEAR FORCE

Effec. depth of the section = 0.54 m

Width of the Diaphragm wall = 1 m
Shear force (T) = Vu = 53.5 t
Ultimate Shear force Vus = 80.3 t
Area of Steel Provided = 25.75 cm2

For Nominal shear stress

τ v= Vus
bd
= 80.3
1.0 x 0.542
= 1.48 N/mm2
Permissible Shear Stress

Percentage of steel     = 100 x Ast

bd
Longitudinal Steel provided (Ast) = 2575 mm
2

= 100 x 2575
1000 x 542
= 0.4750923 %
τc = 0.47 N/mm2 ( From IS 456:2000)

As τc > τv Shear Reinforcement is not required

Design Shear = 80.3 - 0.47 x ( 600 - 16 - 50 )/10

= 55.2 Ton

No of Legs = 6
Dia of Legs = 10 mm

^2
spacing required = 6 x 0.785 x 10 x 550 x 240
55.2 x 10000
= 112.73 mm

Shear Reinforcement Provided

6 legs of 10 mm dia 110 mm c/c

53
CHECK FOR CRACK WIDTH ON LAND SIDE AS PER IS 456-2000

BEAM SECTION :-
WIDTH (b) = 1000 mm e1
DEPTH (D)= 600 mm
d-x fs/Es D-x
EFFECTIVE DEPTH (d) = 542 mm d D
CLEAR COVER = 50 mm x
Ast = 2575.0 mm²
GRADE OF CONCRETE (fck ) = M 30 fc/Ec
Strain Diagram

ELASTIC MODULUS OF CONCRETE (Ec) = 5000X SQRT(f ck) = 27386.13 N/mm²

ELASTIC MODULUS OF STEEL (Es) = 200000 N/mm²
MODULAR RATIO (m) = 7.3029674
MAXm MOMENT (M s) = 32.00 T/m
BAR DIA = 16 mm
BAR SPACING = 100 mm
FROM DIAGRAM, e1 =(fs/Es)x(D-x)/(d-x) ……………………….( 1 )
Now, FROM THE METHOD OF THE TRANSFORMED SECTION,
So,
b*x*x/2 = m*As*(d-x)
x= 125.20 mm (PUTTING THE VALUE OF b, m , As ,& d )

fs = Ms/(As*(d-x/3)) = 248.41 mm

FROM THE EQUATION (1) ,

e1 = 0.0014 mm

e2 (DUE TO STRAIN HARDENING) = b*(D-x)*(a-x)/{3*Es*As*(d-x)}

TAKING, D=a= 600 mm

e2 = 0.000350 mm < e1
CRACK WIDTH = 3*a cr*ξm/{1+2*(acr-cmin)/(D-x)} (REF. APPENDIX F OF IS 456) …. (2)
HERE, ξm = e1-e2 = 0.001065 mm (REF. APPENDIX F OF IS 456)

ec = COVER + (d/2)
ec = 58 mm

acr = Sqrt[(S/2)²+ec²]-dia/2 (REF. APPENDIX F OF IS 456)

acr = 69 mm

FROM THE EQUATION (2) ,

CRACK WIDTH = 0.21 mm < 0.3, Hence ok

54
 STAAD EDITOR FILE FOR DIAPHRAGM WALL FOR APPROACH
OF UNDERPASS
STAAD PLANE
START JOB INFORMATION
ENGINEER DATE 14-Aug-14
END JOB INFORMATION
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT METER MTON
JOINT COORDINATES
3 0 14.03 0; 6 0 22.88 0;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
3 3 6;
DEFINE MATERIAL START
ISOTROPIC CONCRETE
E 2.21467e+006
POISSON 0.17
DENSITY 2.40262
ALPHA 1e-005
DAMP 0.05
TYPE CONCRETE
STRENGTH FCU 2812.28
END DEFINE MATERIAL
MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN
3 PRIS YD 0.6 ZD 1
CONSTANTS
MATERIAL CONCRETE ALL
SUPPORTS
3 FIXED
LOAD 1 LOADTYPE None TITLE LOAD CASE 1
MEMBER LOAD
3 TRAP GX 5.59 0.75
3 TRAP GX -40.86 -0 0 4.05
PERFORM ANALYSIS
PRINT ALL
FINISH
 

55
 8.85 m

Y
X
Z Load 1

DIAPHRAGM WALL SECTION

7.355 kN/m

0 kN/m

Y
X
Z Load 1
-400.700 kN/m
54.819 kN/m

LOADING DIAGRAM

56
 Max: 321.062 kNm

Y
X Load 1 : Bending Z
Z Moment - kNm

BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM

Y
X
Z Load 1 : Shear Y

SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAMN

57
DIAPHRAGM WALL DESIGN FOR TYPE DW 06

58
 DESIGN OF CANTILEVER TYPE DIAPHRAGM WALL FOR RUB DW06 (4.3m HEIGHT)

CANTILEVER TYPE DIAPHRAGM WALL DESIGN

Top R.Lof Wall = 0 m
Live Load Surcharge = 1.2 m
Excavation R.L = -4.3 m
LOAD DUE TO SURCHARGE

Surcharge Height h = 1.20 m

Surcharge Density = 18.0 kN/m³

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2

= 2/3  = 19.33

Angel with vertical i = 0

cos²(-
Ka1 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Pressure due to surcharge

p = Ka x x h - 2c SQRT (Ka)
= 0.31 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 1.20 m
= 7.49 kN/m2

R.L = 0.000m

Layer 1 :
Depth h1 = 2.15 m
Density 1= 18.00 kN/m³
1= 29 0 M
c= 0 Kn/m2

p1 = 11.96 kN/m2

Layer 1a P1 = 94.03 Kn
Depth h2 = 2.15 m
Density 2= 18.00 kN/m³
2= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2 DREDGE LINE
Z1 = 1.84 m
Excavtion R.L = -4.30m

Layer 2
Density 3= 18.00 kN/m³
0
3= 29 a= 0.330 m
c= 0 Kn/m2

O ANCHORAGE
LENGTH

m= 3.3784 m

59
LAYER 1

Depth h1 = 2.15 m
Density 1= 18.00 kN/m³

1= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2

Coefficient of active Earth pressure (Ka)

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Ka1 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Coefficient of passive Earthpressure (Kp)

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Kp1 =
cos² cos() [ 1 - sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 5.6

Active Earth pressure for ordinate height h1

p1= Ka1 x x h1

= 0.31 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 2.15 m
= 11.96 kN/m2

LAYER 1a

Depth h2 = 2.15 m
Density 1= 18.00 kN/m³

2= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2

Coefficient of active Earthpressure (Ka)

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Ka2 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Coefficient of Passive Earthpressure (Kp)

= 0
0
1= 29

60
 c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Kp2 =
cos² cos() [ 1 - sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 5.600

Active Earth Pressure for ordiante height h2

p2 = Ka2 x x h2
= 0.31 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 2.15 m
= 11.96 kN/m2

Total Pressure ordinate at base = p1+ p2 + p

p (x) = 11.96 kN/m³ + 11.96 kN/m³ + 7.49 kN/m2
p (x) = 31.42 Kn/m2

TOTAL ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE ON DIAPHRAGM WALL UPTO DREDGE LINE

P1 = p x ( h1 + h2) +0.5 x p1 x h1 + p1 x h2 + 0.5 x p2 x h2 + 0.5 x total p (x) x a

= 7.495x(2.150+2.150) + 0.5x11.961x2.150+11.961x 2.150+0.5x11.961x2.150+0.5x31.420xa
= 83.66 + 15.710 a ( where a = 0.3 m from eqn 1)
= 94.03 Kn

LAYER 2

Density 3= 18.00 kN/m³

0
Angle of Repose 1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2

Coefficient of active Earthpressure (Ka)

= 0
1= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Ka3 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Coefficient of Passive Earthpressure (Kp)

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Kp3 =
cos² cos() [ 1 - sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 5.600

Depth (a) = p(x) ------------------------------------- (1)

x (Kp-Ka)
= 31.420/(18.000 x (5.600 - 0.309))
= 0.330 m

61
Total Passive Earth Pressure

K = Kp - Ka
= 5.600 - 0.309
= 5.291

Pp1' = y1 h1 Kp1 + y2 h2 Kp2 +y a K

= (18.000x2.150 x 5.600 )+( 18.000x2.150 x 5.600 )+( 0.330x5.291 x 18.000)
= 216.7 + 216.72 + 31.42
= 464.9 Kn/m2

Now yxK = 18.00 x 5.3

= 95.237

Distance of C.G of active earth pressure from O

P1 x Z1 = (p x (h1+h2) x (a + (h1+h2)/2) + 0.5 x p1 x h1 x (a + h2 + h1/3) + p1 x h2 x (a + h2 /2) + 0.5 x p2 x h2 x (a + h2 /3) +
( total p x a²x2/3) / P1
= 7.495x4.300x2.480+ 0.5 x11.961x2.150x3.197+ 11.961x2.150x1.405+ 0.5 x11.961x2.150x1.05+31.420 x 0.330²x 2/3
Z1 = 1.838 m

Therefore Pp1' = 464.86132 = 4.881 m ----------- (1)

yxK 95.2368459

8P1 = 8 x 94.03 ----------- (2)

yK 18.00 x 5.29
= 7.898

6 P1 6.00 x 94.03 ----------- (3)

x (2 Z1 y3 Kp3 +Pp1') = 2 x ( 2x 1.838x18.000x5.291+ 464.861)
(y3 Kp3)2 ( 18.0 x 5.29 )
= 0.06 x 815.05
= 50.7

2
6 P1 Z1 Pp1' + 4 Ra
2
(6 x 94.03 x 1.84 x 464.9 ) + 4x( 94.03 ) ----------- (4)
= 2
(y3 K3)2 ( 18.0 x 5.29 )
= 57.06

By Trial and error method Solving m = equation (4) in below equation

(m4) + ((m3 x eqn(1)) - ( (m2) x eqn(2))-((m3) x eqn (3)) = (m ^4) + (m^3 x 4.88) - (m ^2) x 7.90) - (mx 50.70)
m = 57.06005 m

Total Depth of Anchorge

m = 3.378 m
a = 0.3 m
Factor of Safety = 1.4

D = b + a
= 3.378 m + 0.330 m
= 3.71 m

Total D = 1.4 d
= 5.192 m

But Provided Depth = 5.2 m

Acitve and Passive Pressure upto embeded depth of aplicability

Depth h4 = 9.21 m
Density 4= 18.00 kN/m³

4= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2

Coefficient of active Earthpressure (Ka)

= 0
4= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33

62
 Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Ka4 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Coefficient of Passive Earthpressure (Kp)

= 0
0
4= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Kp4 =
cos² cos() [ 1 - sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 5.600

Active Earth Pressure for upto embeded depth of aplicability

p4 = Ka4 x x h4
= 0.309 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 9.21 m
= 51.23 kN/m2

Passive Earth Pressure for upto embeded depth of aplicability

p4 = Kp4 x x h4
= 5.60 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 3.71 m
= 373.80 kN/m2

REINFORCEMENT CALCULTAION

CHECK FOR BENDING MOMENT @ EARTH SIDE

Moment = 250 kNm (From STAAD)
Factored Moment Mu = 375 kNm
Grade of Concrete = M 30
Compressive stresses in Concrete = 30
Grade of Steel = FE 500
Depth of Diaphragm wall = 600 mm
Dia of Bar = 16 mm
Cover = 50 mm
Effective depth = 542 mm

Reinforcement requierd calculated as per SP 16

= Mu/bxd^2
= 375 x 1000000/ 1000x (517) x (517))
= 1.277 N/mm²
Percentage Requied = 0.308
Therefore Area of Steel required = 0.308 x 542 = 16.7 Cm2

Area of Steel Provided = 16 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c + 16 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c

= 20.10 > 16.7 Cm2

Minimum Area of Steel Required = 0.12 x 600

= 7.2 Cm2

Minimum Area of Steel Provided = 16 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c

= 10.048 > 7.2 Cm2

Area of Steel Required in Distribution = 0.12 x 600 x .5

= 3.6 Cm2

Area of Steel Provided in Distribution = 10 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c

= 3.93 > 3.6 Cm2

63
CHECK FOR SHEAR FORCE

Effec. depth of the section = 0.54 m

Width of the Diaphragm wall = 1 m
Shear force (T) = Vu = 45.0 t
Ultimate Shear force Vus = 67.5 t
Area of Steel Provided = 20.10 cm2

For Nominal shear stress

τ v= Vus
bd
= 67.5
1.0 x 0.542
= 1.25 N/mm2
Permissible Shear Stress

Percentage of steel     = 100 x Ast

bd
Longitudinal Steel provided (Ast) = 2010 mm
2

= 100 x 2010
1000 x 542
= 0.3708487 %
τc = 0.41 N/mm2 ( From IS 456:2000)

As τc > τv Shear Reinforcement is not required

Design Shear = 67.5 - 0.41 x ( 600 - 16 - 50 )/10

= 45.6 Ton

No of Legs = 6
Dia of Legs = 10 mm

^2
spacing required = 6 x 0.785 x 10 x 550 x 240
45.6 x 10000
= 136.32 mm

Shear Reinforcement Provided

6 legs of 10 mm dia 130 mm c/c

64
CHECK FOR CRACK WIDTH ON LAND SIDE AS PER IS 456-2000

BEAM SECTION :-
WIDTH (b) = 1000 mm e1
DEPTH (D)= 600 mm
d-x fs/Es D-x
EFFECTIVE DEPTH (d) = 542 mm d D
CLEAR COVER = 50 mm x
Ast = 2010.0 mm²
GRADE OF CONCRETE (fck ) = M 30 fc/Ec
Strain Diagram

ELASTIC MODULUS OF CONCRETE (Ec) = 5000X SQRT(f ck) = 27386.13 N/mm²

ELASTIC MODULUS OF STEEL (Es) = 200000 N/mm²
MODULAR RATIO (m) = 7.3029674
MAXm MOMENT (M s) = 25.00 T/m
BAR DIA = 16 mm
BAR SPACING = 100 mm
FROM DIAGRAM, e1 =(fs/Es)x(D-x)/(d-x) ……………………….( 1 )
Now, FROM THE METHOD OF THE TRANSFORMED SECTION,
So,
b*x*x/2 = m*As*(d-x)
x= 112.32 mm (PUTTING THE VALUE OF b, m , As ,& d )

fs = Ms/(As*(d-x/3)) = 246.51 mm

FROM THE EQUATION (1) ,

e1 = 0.0014 mm

e2 (DUE TO STRAIN HARDENING) = b*(D-x)*(a-x)/{3*Es*As*(d-x)}

TAKING, D=a= 600 mm

e2 = 0.000459 mm < e1
CRACK WIDTH = 3*a cr*ξm/{1+2*(acr-cmin)/(D-x)} (REF. APPENDIX F OF IS 456) …. (2)
HERE, ξm = e1-e2 = 0.000940 mm (REF. APPENDIX F OF IS 456)

ec = COVER + (d/2)
ec = 58 mm

acr = Sqrt[(S/2)²+ec²]-dia/2 (REF. APPENDIX F OF IS 456)

acr = 69 mm

FROM THE EQUATION (2) ,

CRACK WIDTH = 0.19 mm < 0.3, Hence ok

65
 STAAD EDITOR FILE FOR DIAPHRAGM WALL FOR APPROACH
OF UNDERPASS
STAAD PLANE
START JOB INFORMATION
ENGINEER DATE 14-Aug-14
END JOB INFORMATION
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT METER MTON
JOINT COORDINATES
3 0 14.88 0; 6 0 22.88 0;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
3 3 6;
DEFINE MATERIAL START
ISOTROPIC CONCRETE
E 2.21467e+006
POISSON 0.17
DENSITY 2.40262
ALPHA 1e-005
DAMP 0.05
TYPE CONCRETE
STRENGTH FCU 2812.28
END DEFINE MATERIAL
MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN
3 PRIS YD 0.6 ZD 1
CONSTANTS
MATERIAL CONCRETE ALL
SUPPORTS
3 FIXED
LOAD 1 LOADTYPE None TITLE LOAD CASE 1
MEMBER LOAD
3 TRAP GX 5.12 0.75
3 TRAP GX -37.3 -0 0 3.7
PERFORM ANALYSIS
PRINT ALL
FINISH
 

66
 8m

Y
X
Z Load 1

DIAPHRAGM WALL SECTION

7.355 kN/m

0 kN/m

Y
X
Z Load 1
-365.788 kN/m
50.210 kN/m

LOADING DIAGRAM

Max: 244.284 kNm

Y
X Load 1 : Bending Z
Z Moment - kNm

BENDING MOMNET DIAGRAM

67
 Y Max: -446.448 kN
X Load 1 : Shear Y
Z Force - kN

SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM

68
DIAPHRAGM WALL DESIGN FOR TYPE DW 07

69
 DESIGN OF CANTILEVER TYPE DIAPHRAGM WALL FOR RUB DW07 (3.9m HEIGHT)

CANTILEVER TYPE DIAPHRAGM WALL DESIGN

Top R.Lof Wall = 0 m
Live Load Surcharge = 1.2 m
Excavation R.L = -3.9 m
LOAD DUE TO SURCHARGE

Surcharge Height h = 1.20 m

Surcharge Density = 18.0 kN/m³

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2

= 2/3  = 19.33

Angel with vertical i = 0

cos²(-
Ka1 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Pressure due to surcharge

p = Ka x x h - 2c SQRT (Ka)
= 0.31 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 1.20 m
= 7.49 kN/m2

R.L = 0.000m

Layer 1 :
Depth h1 = 1.95 m
Density 1= 18.00 kN/m³
1= 29 0 M
c= 0 Kn/m2

p1 = 10.85 kN/m2

Layer 1a P1 = 80.49 Kn
Depth h2 = 1.95 m
Density 2= 18.00 kN/m³
2= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2 DREDGE LINE
Z1 = 1.69 m
Excavtion R.L = -3.90m

Layer 2
Density 3= 18.00 kN/m³
0
3= 29 a= 0.306 m
c= 0 Kn/m2

O ANCHORAGE
LENGTH

m= 3.124 m

70
LAYER 1

Depth h1 = 1.95 m
Density 1= 18.00 kN/m³

1= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2

Coefficient of active Earth pressure (Ka)

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Ka1 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Coefficient of passive Earthpressure (Kp)

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Kp1 =
cos² cos() [ 1 - sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 5.6

Active Earth pressure for ordinate height h1

p1= Ka1 x x h1

= 0.31 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 1.95 m
= 10.85 kN/m2

LAYER 1a

Depth h2 = 1.95 m
Density 1= 18.00 kN/m³

2= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2

Coefficient of active Earthpressure (Ka)

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Ka2 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Coefficient of Passive Earthpressure (Kp)

= 0
0
1= 29

71
 c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Kp2 =
cos² cos() [ 1 - sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 5.600

Active Earth Pressure for ordiante height h2

p2 = Ka2 x x h2
= 0.31 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 1.95 m
= 10.85 kN/m2

Total Pressure ordinate at base = p1+ p2 + p

p (x) = 10.85 kN/m³ + 10.85 kN/m³ + 7.49 kN/m2
p (x) = 29.19 Kn/m2

TOTAL ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE ON DIAPHRAGM WALL UPTO DREDGE LINE

P1 = p x ( h1 + h2) +0.5 x p1 x h1 + p1 x h2 + 0.5 x p2 x h2 + 0.5 x total p (x) x a

= 7.495x(1.950+1.950) + 0.5x10.849x1.950+10.849x 1.950+0.5x10.849x1.950+0.5x29.190xa
= 71.54 + 14.595 a ( where a = 0.3 m from eqn 1)
= 80.49 Kn

LAYER 2

Density 3= 18.00 kN/m³

0
Angle of Repose 1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2

Coefficient of active Earthpressure (Ka)

= 0
1= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Ka3 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Coefficient of Passive Earthpressure (Kp)

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Kp3 =
cos² cos() [ 1 - sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 5.600

Depth (a) = p(x) ------------------------------------- (1)

x (Kp-Ka)
= 29.190/(18.000 x (5.600 - 0.309))
= 0.306 m

72
Total Passive Earth Pressure

K = Kp - Ka
= 5.600 - 0.309
= 5.291

Pp1' = y1 h1 Kp1 + y2 h2 Kp2 +y a K

= (18.000x1.950 x 5.600 )+( 18.000x1.950 x 5.600 )+( 0.306x5.291 x 18.000)
= 196.6 + 196.56 + 29.19
= 422.3 Kn/m2

Now yxK = 18.00 x 5.3

= 95.237

Distance of C.G of active earth pressure from O

P1 x Z1 = (p x (h1+h2) x (a + (h1+h2)/2) + 0.5 x p1 x h1 x (a + h2 + h1/3) + p1 x h2 x (a + h2 /2) + 0.5 x p2 x h2 x (a + h2 /3) +
( total p x a²x2/3) / P1
= 7.495x3.900x2.256+ 0.5 x10.849x1.950x2.906+ 10.849x1.950x1.281+ 0.5 x10.849x1.950x0.96+29.190 x 0.306²x 2/3
Z1 = 1.686 m

Therefore Pp1' = 422.311197 = 4.434 m ----------- (1)

yxK 95.2368459

8P1 = 8 x 80.49 ----------- (2)

yK 18.00 x 5.29
= 6.761

6 P1 6.00 x 80.49 ----------- (3)

x (2 Z1 y3 Kp3 +Pp1') = 2 x ( 2x 1.686x18.000x5.291+ 422.311)
(y3 Kp3)2 ( 18.0 x 5.29 )
= 0.05 x 743.54
= 39.59

2
6 P1 Z1 Pp1' + 4 Ra
2
(6 x 80.49 x 1.69 x 422.3 ) + 4x( 80.49 ) ----------- (4)
2 = 2
(y3 K3) ( 18.0 x 5.29 )
= 40.78

By Trial and error method Solving m = equation (4) in below equation

(m4) + ((m3 x eqn(1)) - ( (m2) x eqn(2))-((m3) x eqn (3)) = (m ^4) + (m^3 x 4.43) - (m ^2) x 6.76) - (mx 39.59)
m = 40.78001 m

Total Depth of Anchorge

m = 3.124 m
a = 0.3 m
Factor of Safety = 1.4

D = b + a
= 3.124 m + 0.306 m
= 3.43 m

Total D = 1.4 d
= 4.803 m

But Provided Depth = 4.8 m

Acitve and Passive Pressure upto embeded depth of aplicability

Depth h4 = 8.53 m
Density 4= 18.00 kN/m³

4= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2

Coefficient of active Earthpressure (Ka)

= 0
4= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33

73
 Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Ka4 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Coefficient of Passive Earthpressure (Kp)

= 0
0
4= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Kp4 =
cos² cos() [ 1 - sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 5.600

Active Earth Pressure for upto embeded depth of aplicability

p4 = Ka4 x x h4
= 0.309 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 8.53 m
= 47.46 kN/m2

Passive Earth Pressure for upto embeded depth of aplicability

p4 = Kp4 x x h4
= 5.60 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 3.43 m
= 345.79 kN/m2

REINFORCEMENT CALCULTAION

CHECK FOR BENDING MOMENT @ EARTH SIDE

Moment = 200 kNm (From STAAD)
Factored Moment Mu = 300 kNm
Grade of Concrete = M 30
Compressive stresses in Concrete = 30
Grade of Steel = FE 500
Depth of Diaphragm wall = 600 mm
Dia of Bar = 16 mm
Cover = 50 mm
Effective depth = 542 mm

Reinforcement requierd calculated as per SP 16

= Mu/bxd^2
= 300 x 1000000/ 1000x (517) x (517))
= 1.021 N/mm²
Percentage Requied = 0.246
Therefore Area of Steel required = 0.246 x 542 = 13.3 Cm2

Area of Steel Provided = 12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c + 16 mm dia @ 300 mm c/c

= 14.23 > 13.3 Cm2

Minimum Area of Steel Required = 0.12 x 600

= 7.2 Cm2

Minimum Area of Steel Provided = 12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c

= 7.536 > 7.2 Cm2

Area of Steel Required in Distribution = 0.12 x 600 x .5

= 3.6 Cm2

Area of Steel Provided in Distribution = 10 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c

= 3.93 > 3.6 Cm2

74
CHECK FOR SHEAR FORCE

Effec. depth of the section = 0.54 m

Width of the Diaphragm wall = 1 m
Shear force (T) = Vu = 39.0 t
Ultimate Shear force Vus = 58.5 t
Area of Steel Provided = 14.23 cm2

For Nominal shear stress

τ v= Vus
bd
= 58.5
1.0 x 0.542
= 1.08 N/mm2
Permissible Shear Stress

Percentage of steel     = 100 x Ast

bd
Longitudinal Steel provided (Ast) = 1423 mm
2

= 100 x 1423
1000 x 542
= 0.2625461 %
τc = 0.37 N/mm2 ( From IS 456:2000)

As τc > τv Shear Reinforcement is not required

Design Shear = 58.5 - 0.37 x ( 600 - 16 - 50 )/10

= 38.7 Ton

No of Legs = 4
Dia of Legs = 10 mm

^2
spacing required = 4 x 0.785 x 10 x 550 x 240
38.7 x 10000
= 106.98 mm

Shear Reinforcement Provided

4 legs of 10 mm dia 100 mm c/c

75
CHECK FOR CRACK WIDTH ON LAND SIDE AS PER IS 456-2000

BEAM SECTION :-
WIDTH (b) = 1000 mm e1
DEPTH (D)= 600 mm
d-x fs/Es D-x
EFFECTIVE DEPTH (d) = 542 mm d D
CLEAR COVER = 50 mm x
Ast = 1423.0 mm²
GRADE OF CONCRETE (fck ) = M 30 fc/Ec
Strain Diagram

ELASTIC MODULUS OF CONCRETE (Ec) = 5000X SQRT(f ck) = 27386.13 N/mm²

ELASTIC MODULUS OF STEEL (Es) = 200000 N/mm²
MODULAR RATIO (m) = 7.3029674
MAXm MOMENT (M s) = 20.00 T/m
BAR DIA = 16 mm
BAR SPACING = 100 mm
FROM DIAGRAM, e1 =(fs/Es)x(D-x)/(d-x) ……………………….( 1 )
Now, FROM THE METHOD OF THE TRANSFORMED SECTION,
So,
b*x*x/2 = m*As*(d-x)
x= 96.25 mm (PUTTING THE VALUE OF b, m , As ,& d )

fs = Ms/(As*(d-x/3)) = 275.63 mm

FROM THE EQUATION (1) ,

e1 = 0.0016 mm

e2 (DUE TO STRAIN HARDENING) = b*(D-x)*(a-x)/{3*Es*As*(d-x)}

TAKING, D=a= 600 mm

e2 = 0.000667 mm < e1
CRACK WIDTH = 3*a cr*ξm/{1+2*(acr-cmin)/(D-x)} (REF. APPENDIX F OF IS 456) …. (2)
HERE, ξm = e1-e2 = 0.000891 mm (REF. APPENDIX F OF IS 456)

ec = COVER + (d/2)
ec = 58 mm

acr = Sqrt[(S/2)²+ec²]-dia/2 (REF. APPENDIX F OF IS 456)

acr = 69 mm

FROM THE EQUATION (2) ,

CRACK WIDTH = 0.18 mm < 0.3, Hence ok

76
 STAAD EDITOR FILE FOR DIAPHRAGM WALL FOR APPROACH
OF UNDERPASS
STAAD PLANE
START JOB INFORMATION
ENGINEER DATE 14-Aug-14
END JOB INFORMATION
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT METER MTON
JOINT COORDINATES
3 0 15.54 0; 6 0 22.88 0;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
3 3 6;
DEFINE MATERIAL START
ISOTROPIC CONCRETE
E 2.21467e+006
POISSON 0.17
DENSITY 2.40262
ALPHA 1e-005
DAMP 0.05
TYPE CONCRETE
STRENGTH FCU 2812.28
END DEFINE MATERIAL
MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN
3 PRIS YD 0.6 ZD 1
CONSTANTS
MATERIAL CONCRETE ALL
SUPPORTS
3 FIXED
LOAD 1 LOADTYPE None TITLE LOAD CASE 1
MEMBER LOAD
3 TRAP GX 4.75 0.75
3 TRAP GX -34.57 -0 0 3.43
PERFORM ANALYSIS
PRINT ALL
FINISH
 

77
 7.34 m

Y
X
Z Load 1

DIAPHRAGM WALL DESCTION

7.355 kN/m

0 kN/m

Y
X
Z Load 1
-339.016 kN/m
46.582 kN/m

LOADING DIAGRAM

Max: 193.151 kNm

Y
X Load 1 : Bending Z
Z Moment - kNm

BENDING MOMENT

78
 Y Max: -383.465 kN
X Load 1 : Shear Y
Z Force - kN

SHEAR FORCE

79
DIAPHRAGM WALL DESIGN FOR TYPE DW 08

80
 DESIGN OF CANTILEVER TYPE DIAPHRAGM WALL FOR RUB DW09 (3m HEIGHT)

CANTILEVER TYPE DIAPHRAGM WALL DESIGN

Top R.Lof Wall = 0 m
Live Load Surcharge = 1.2 m
Excavation R.L = -3 m
LOAD DUE TO SURCHARGE

Surcharge Height h = 1.20 m

Surcharge Density = 18.0 kN/m³

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2

= 2/3  = 19.33

Angel with vertical i = 0

cos²(-
Ka1 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Pressure due to surcharge

p = Ka x x h - 2c SQRT (Ka)
= 0.31 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 1.20 m
= 7.49 kN/m2

R.L = 0.000m

Layer 1 :
Depth h1 = 1.50 m
Density 1= 18.00 kN/m³
1= 29 0 M
c= 0 Kn/m2

p1 = 8.35 kN/m2

Layer 1a P1 = 53.66 Kn
Depth h2 = 1.50 m
Density 2= 18.00 kN/m³
2= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2 DREDGE LINE
Z1 = 1.34 m
Excavtion R.L = -3.00m

Layer 2
Density 3= 18.00 kN/m³
0
3= 29 a= 0.254 m
c= 0 Kn/m2

O ANCHORAGE
LENGTH

m= 2.5458 m

81
LAYER 1

Depth h1 = 1.50 m
Density 1= 18.00 kN/m³

1= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2

Coefficient of active Earth pressure (Ka)

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Ka1 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Coefficient of passive Earthpressure (Kp)

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Kp1 =
cos² cos() [ 1 - sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 5.6

Active Earth pressure for ordinate height h1

p1= Ka1 x x h1

= 0.31 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 1.50 m
= 8.35 kN/m2

LAYER 1a

Depth h2 = 1.50 m
Density 1= 18.00 kN/m³

2= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2

Coefficient of active Earthpressure (Ka)

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Ka2 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Coefficient of Passive Earthpressure (Kp)

= 0
0
1= 29

82
 c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Kp2 =
cos² cos() [ 1 - sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 5.600

Active Earth Pressure for ordiante height h2

p2 = Ka2 x x h2
= 0.31 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 1.50 m
= 8.35 kN/m2

Total Pressure ordinate at base = p1+ p2 + p

p (x) = 8.35 kN/m³ + 8.35 kN/m³ + 7.49 kN/m2
p (x) = 24.19 Kn/m2

TOTAL ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE ON DIAPHRAGM WALL UPTO DREDGE LINE

P1 = p x ( h1 + h2) +0.5 x p1 x h1 + p1 x h2 + 0.5 x p2 x h2 + 0.5 x total p (x) x a

= 7.495x(1.500+1.500) + 0.5x8.345x1.500+8.345x 1.500+0.5x8.345x1.500+0.5x24.190xa
= 47.52 + 12.095 a ( where a = 0.3 m from eqn 1)
= 53.66 Kn

LAYER 2

Density 3= 18.00 kN/m³

0
Angle of Repose 1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2

Coefficient of active Earthpressure (Ka)

= 0
1= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Ka3 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Coefficient of Passive Earthpressure (Kp)

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Kp3 =
cos² cos() [ 1 - sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 5.600

Depth (a) = p(x) ------------------------------------- (1)

x (Kp-Ka)
= 24.190/(18.000 x (5.600 - 0.309))
= 0.254 m

83
Total Passive Earth Pressure

K = Kp - Ka
= 5.600 - 0.309
= 5.291

Pp1' = y1 h1 Kp1 + y2 h2 Kp2 +y a K

= (18.000x1.500 x 5.600 )+( 18.000x1.500 x 5.600 )+( 0.254x5.291 x 18.000)
= 151.2 + 151.2 + 24.19
= 326.6 Kn/m2

Now yxK = 18.00 x 5.3

= 95.237

Distance of C.G of active earth pressure from O

P1 x Z1 = (p x (h1+h2) x (a + (h1+h2)/2) + 0.5 x p1 x h1 x (a + h2 + h1/3) + p1 x h2 x (a + h2 /2) + 0.5 x p2 x h2 x (a + h2 /3) +
( total p x a²x2/3) / P1
= 7.495x3.000x1.754+ 0.5 x8.345x1.500x2.254+ 8.345x1.500x1.004+ 0.5 x8.345x1.500x0.75+24.190 x 0.254²x 2/3
Z1 = 1.339 m

Therefore Pp1' = 326.590921 = 3.429 m ----------- (1)

yxK 95.2368459

8P1 = 8 x 53.66 ----------- (2)

yK 18.00 x 5.29
= 4.508

6 P1 6.00 x 53.66 ----------- (3)

x (2 Z1 y3 Kp3 +Pp1') = 2 x ( 2x 1.339x18.000x5.291+ 326.591)
(y3 Kp3)2 ( 18.0 x 5.29 )
= 0.04 x 581.66
= 20.65

2
6 P1 Z1 Pp1' + 4 Ra
2
(6 x 53.66 x 1.34 x 326.6 ) + 4x( 53.66 ) ----------- (4)
= 2
(y3 K3)2 ( 18.0 x 5.29 )
= 16.8

By Trial and error method Solving m = equation (4) in below equation

(m4) + ((m3 x eqn(1)) - ( (m2) x eqn(2))-((m3) x eqn (3)) = (m ^4) + (m^3 x 3.43) - (m ^2) x 4.51) - (mx 20.65)
m = 16.80003 m

Total Depth of Anchorge

m = 2.546 m
a = 0.3 m
Factor of Safety = 1.4

D = b + a
= 2.546 m + 0.254 m
= 2.80 m

Total D = 1.4 d
= 3.92 m

But Provided Depth = 3.9 m

Acitve and Passive Pressure upto embeded depth of aplicability

Depth h4 = 7.00 m
Density 4= 18.00 kN/m³

4= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2

Coefficient of active Earthpressure (Ka)

= 0
4= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33

84
 Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Ka4 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Coefficient of Passive Earthpressure (Kp)

= 0
0
4= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Kp4 =
cos² cos() [ 1 - sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 5.600

Active Earth Pressure for upto embeded depth of aplicability

p4 = Ka4 x x h4
= 0.309 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 7.00 m
= 38.94 kN/m2

Passive Earth Pressure for upto embeded depth of aplicability

p4 = Kp4 x x h4
= 5.60 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 2.80 m
= 282.22 kN/m2

REINFORCEMENT CALCULTAION

CHECK FOR BENDING MOMENT @ EARTH SIDE

Moment = 110 kNm (From STAAD)
Factored Moment Mu = 165 kNm
Grade of Concrete = M 30
Compressive stresses in Concrete = 30
Grade of Steel = FE 500
Depth of Diaphragm wall = 600 mm
Dia of Bar = 16 mm
Cover = 50 mm
Effective depth = 542 mm

Reinforcement requierd calculated as per SP 16

= Mu/bxd^2
= 165 x 1000000/ 1000x (517) x (517))
= 0.562 N/mm²
Percentage Requied = 0.135
Therefore Area of Steel required = 0.135 x 542 = 7.32 Cm2

Area of Steel Provided = 12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c + 12 mm dia @ 300 mm c/c

= 11.30 > 7.32 Cm2

Minimum Area of Steel Required = 0.12 x 600

= 7.2 Cm2

Minimum Area of Steel Provided = 12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c

= 7.536 > 7.2 Cm2

Area of Steel Required in Distribution = 0.12 x 600 x .5

= 3.6 Cm2

Area of Steel Provided in Distribution = 10 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c

= 3.93 > 3.6 Cm2

85
CHECK FOR SHEAR FORCE

Effec. depth of the section = 0.54 m

Width of the Diaphragm wall = 1 m
Shear force (T) = Vu = 25.5 t
Ultimate Shear force Vus = 38.3 t
Area of Steel Provided = 11.30 cm2

For Nominal shear stress

τ v= Vus
bd
= 38.3
1.0 x 0.542
= 0.71 N/mm2
Permissible Shear Stress

Percentage of steel     = 100 x Ast

bd
Longitudinal Steel provided (Ast) = 1130 mm
2

= 100 x 1130
1000 x 542
= 0.2084871 %
τc = 0.29 N/mm2 ( From IS 456:2000)

As τc > τv Shear Reinforcement is not required

Design Shear = 38.3 - 0.29 x ( 600 - 16 - 50 )/10

= 22.8 Ton

No of Legs = 4
Dia of Legs = 10 mm

^2
spacing required = 4 x 0.785 x 10 x 550 x 240
22.8 x 10000
= 182.08 mm

Shear Reinforcement Provided

4 legs of 10 mm dia 170 mm c/c

86
CHECK FOR CRACK WIDTH ON LAND SIDE AS PER IS 456-2000

BEAM SECTION :-
WIDTH (b) = 1000 mm e1
DEPTH (D)= 600 mm
d-x fs/Es D-x
EFFECTIVE DEPTH (d) = 542 mm d D
CLEAR COVER = 50 mm x
Ast = 1130.0 mm²
GRADE OF CONCRETE (fck ) = M 30 fc/Ec
Strain Diagram

ELASTIC MODULUS OF CONCRETE (Ec) = 5000X SQRT(f ck) = 27386.13 N/mm²

ELASTIC MODULUS OF STEEL (Es) = 200000 N/mm²
MODULAR RATIO (m) = 7.3029674
MAXm MOMENT (M s) = 11.00 T/m
BAR DIA = 16 mm
BAR SPACING = 100 mm
FROM DIAGRAM, e1 =(fs/Es)x(D-x)/(d-x) ……………………….( 1 )
Now, FROM THE METHOD OF THE TRANSFORMED SECTION,
So,
b*x*x/2 = m*As*(d-x)
x= 86.69 mm (PUTTING THE VALUE OF b, m , As ,& d )

fs = Ms/(As*(d-x/3)) = 189.72 mm

FROM THE EQUATION (1) ,

e1 = 0.0011 mm

e2 (DUE TO STRAIN HARDENING) = b*(D-x)*(a-x)/{3*Es*As*(d-x)}

TAKING, D=a= 600 mm

e2 = 0.000854 mm < e1
CRACK WIDTH = 3*a cr*ξm/{1+2*(acr-cmin)/(D-x)} (REF. APPENDIX F OF IS 456) …. (2)
HERE, ξm = e1-e2 = 0.000216 mm (REF. APPENDIX F OF IS 456)

ec = COVER + (d/2)
ec = 58 mm

acr = Sqrt[(S/2)²+ec²]-dia/2 (REF. APPENDIX F OF IS 456)

acr = 69 mm

FROM THE EQUATION (2) ,

CRACK WIDTH = 0.04 mm < 0.3, Hence ok

87
STAAD EDITOR FILE FOR DIAPHRAGM WALL FOR APPROACH
OF UNDERPASS
STAAD PLANE
START JOB INFORMATION
ENGINEER DATE 14-Aug-14
END JOB INFORMATION
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT METER MTON
JOINT COORDINATES
3 0 17.08 0; 6 0 22.88 0;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
3 3 6;
DEFINE MATERIAL START
ISOTROPIC CONCRETE
E 2.21467e+006
POISSON 0.17
DENSITY 2.40262
ALPHA 1e-005
DAMP 0.05
TYPE CONCRETE
STRENGTH FCU 2812.28
END DEFINE MATERIAL
MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN
3 PRIS YD 0.5 ZD 1
CONSTANTS
MATERIAL CONCRETE ALL
SUPPORTS
3 FIXED
LOAD 1 LOADTYPE None TITLE LOAD CASE 1
MEMBER LOAD
3 TRAP GX 3.9 0.75
3 TRAP GX -28.2 -0 0 2.8
PERFORM ANALYSIS
PRINT ALL
FINISH 

88
 5.8 m

Y
X
Z Load 1

DIAPHRAGM WALL SECTION

7.355 kN/m

0 kN/m

Y
X
Z Load 1
-276.548 kN/m
38.246 kN/m

LOADING DIAGRAM

Max: 101.979 kNm

Y
X Load 1 : Bending Z
Z Moment - kNm

BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM

89
 Y
X Max: -254.924 kN Load 1 : Shear Y
Z Force - kN

SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM

90
DIAPHRAGM WALL DESIGN FOR TYPE DW 09

91
 DESIGN OF CANTILEVER TYPE DIAPHRAGM WALL FOR RUB DW09 (3m HEIGHT)

CANTILEVER TYPE DIAPHRAGM WALL DESIGN

Top R.Lof Wall = 0 m
Live Load Surcharge = 1.2 m
Excavation R.L = -3 m
LOAD DUE TO SURCHARGE

Surcharge Height h = 1.20 m

Surcharge Density = 18.0 kN/m³

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2

= 2/3  = 19.33

Angel with vertical i = 0

cos²(-
Ka1 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Pressure due to surcharge

p = Ka x x h - 2c SQRT (Ka)
= 0.31 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 1.20 m
= 7.49 kN/m2

R.L = 0.000m

Layer 1 :
Depth h1 = 1.50 m
Density 1= 18.00 kN/m³
1= 29 0 M
c= 0 Kn/m2

p1 = 8.35 kN/m2

Layer 1a P1 = 53.66 Kn
Depth h2 = 1.50 m
Density 2= 18.00 kN/m³
2= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2 DREDGE LINE
Z1 = 1.34 m
Excavtion R.L = -3.00m

Layer 2
Density 3= 18.00 kN/m³
0
3= 29 a= 0.254 m
c= 0 Kn/m2

O ANCHORAGE
LENGTH

m= 2.5458 m

92
LAYER 1

Depth h1 = 1.50 m
Density 1= 18.00 kN/m³

1= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2

Coefficient of active Earth pressure (Ka)

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Ka1 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Coefficient of passive Earthpressure (Kp)

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Kp1 =
cos² cos() [ 1 - sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 5.6

Active Earth pressure for ordinate height h1

p1= Ka1 x x h1

= 0.31 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 1.50 m
= 8.35 kN/m2

LAYER 1a

Depth h2 = 1.50 m
Density 1= 18.00 kN/m³

2= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2

Coefficient of active Earthpressure (Ka)

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Ka2 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Coefficient of Passive Earthpressure (Kp)

= 0
0
1= 29

93
 c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Kp2 =
cos² cos() [ 1 - sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 5.600

Active Earth Pressure for ordiante height h2

p2 = Ka2 x x h2
= 0.31 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 1.50 m
= 8.35 kN/m2

Total Pressure ordinate at base = p1+ p2 + p

p (x) = 8.35 kN/m³ + 8.35 kN/m³ + 7.49 kN/m2
p (x) = 24.19 Kn/m2

TOTAL ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE ON DIAPHRAGM WALL UPTO DREDGE LINE

P1 = p x ( h1 + h2) +0.5 x p1 x h1 + p1 x h2 + 0.5 x p2 x h2 + 0.5 x total p (x) x a

= 7.495x(1.500+1.500) + 0.5x8.345x1.500+8.345x 1.500+0.5x8.345x1.500+0.5x24.190xa
= 47.52 + 12.095 a ( where a = 0.3 m from eqn 1)
= 53.66 Kn

LAYER 2

Density 3= 18.00 kN/m³

0
Angle of Repose 1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2

Coefficient of active Earthpressure (Ka)

= 0
1= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Ka3 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Coefficient of Passive Earthpressure (Kp)

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Kp3 =
cos² cos() [ 1 - sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 5.600

Depth (a) = p(x) ------------------------------------- (1)

x (Kp-Ka)
= 24.190/(18.000 x (5.600 - 0.309))
= 0.254 m

94
Total Passive Earth Pressure

K = Kp - Ka
= 5.600 - 0.309
= 5.291

Pp1' = y1 h1 Kp1 + y2 h2 Kp2 +y a K

= (18.000x1.500 x 5.600 )+( 18.000x1.500 x 5.600 )+( 0.254x5.291 x 18.000)
= 151.2 + 151.2 + 24.19
= 326.6 Kn/m2

Now yxK = 18.00 x 5.3

= 95.237

Distance of C.G of active earth pressure from O

P1 x Z1 = (p x (h1+h2) x (a + (h1+h2)/2) + 0.5 x p1 x h1 x (a + h2 + h1/3) + p1 x h2 x (a + h2 /2) + 0.5 x p2 x h2 x (a + h2 /3) +
( total p x a²x2/3) / P1
= 7.495x3.000x1.754+ 0.5 x8.345x1.500x2.254+ 8.345x1.500x1.004+ 0.5 x8.345x1.500x0.75+24.190 x 0.254²x 2/3
Z1 = 1.339 m

Therefore Pp1' = 326.590921 = 3.429 m ----------- (1)

yxK 95.2368459

8P1 = 8 x 53.66 ----------- (2)

yK 18.00 x 5.29
= 4.508

6 P1 6.00 x 53.66 ----------- (3)

x (2 Z1 y3 Kp3 +Pp1') = 2 x ( 2x 1.339x18.000x5.291+ 326.591)
(y3 Kp3)2 ( 18.0 x 5.29 )
= 0.04 x 581.66
= 20.65

2
6 P1 Z1 Pp1' + 4 Ra
2
(6 x 53.66 x 1.34 x 326.6 ) + 4x( 53.66 ) ----------- (4)
= 2
(y3 K3)2 ( 18.0 x 5.29 )
= 16.8

By Trial and error method Solving m = equation (4) in below equation

(m4) + ((m3 x eqn(1)) - ( (m2) x eqn(2))-((m3) x eqn (3)) = (m ^4) + (m^3 x 3.43) - (m ^2) x 4.51) - (mx 20.65)
m = 16.80003 m

Total Depth of Anchorge

m = 2.546 m
a = 0.3 m
Factor of Safety = 1.4

D = b + a
= 2.546 m + 0.254 m
= 2.80 m

Total D = 1.4 d
= 3.92 m

But Provided Depth = 3.9 m

Acitve and Passive Pressure upto embeded depth of aplicability

Depth h4 = 7.00 m
Density 4= 18.00 kN/m³

4= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2

Coefficient of active Earthpressure (Ka)

= 0
4= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33

95
 Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Ka4 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Coefficient of Passive Earthpressure (Kp)

= 0
0
4= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Kp4 =
cos² cos() [ 1 - sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 5.600

Active Earth Pressure for upto embeded depth of aplicability

p4 = Ka4 x x h4
= 0.309 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 7.00 m
= 38.94 kN/m2

Passive Earth Pressure for upto embeded depth of aplicability

p4 = Kp4 x x h4
= 5.60 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 2.80 m
= 282.22 kN/m2

REINFORCEMENT CALCULTAION

CHECK FOR BENDING MOMENT @ EARTH SIDE

Moment = 110 kNm (From STAAD)
Factored Moment Mu = 165 kNm
Grade of Concrete = M 30
Compressive stresses in Concrete = 30
Grade of Steel = FE 500
Depth of Diaphragm wall = 600 mm
Dia of Bar = 16 mm
Cover = 50 mm
Effective depth = 542 mm

Reinforcement requierd calculated as per SP 16

= Mu/bxd^2
= 165 x 1000000/ 1000x (517) x (517))
= 0.562 N/mm²
Percentage Requied = 0.135
Therefore Area of Steel required = 0.135 x 542 = 7.32 Cm2

Area of Steel Provided = 12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c + 12 mm dia @ 300 mm c/c

= 11.30 > 7.32 Cm2

Minimum Area of Steel Required = 0.12 x 600

= 7.2 Cm2

Minimum Area of Steel Provided = 12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c

= 7.536 > 7.2 Cm2

Area of Steel Required in Distribution = 0.12 x 600 x .5

= 3.6 Cm2

Area of Steel Provided in Distribution = 10 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c

= 3.93 > 3.6 Cm2

96
CHECK FOR SHEAR FORCE

Effec. depth of the section = 0.54 m

Width of the Diaphragm wall = 1 m
Shear force (T) = Vu = 25.5 t
Ultimate Shear force Vus = 38.3 t
Area of Steel Provided = 11.30 cm2

For Nominal shear stress

τ v= Vus
bd
= 38.3
1.0 x 0.542
= 0.71 N/mm2
Permissible Shear Stress

Percentage of steel     = 100 x Ast

bd
Longitudinal Steel provided (Ast) = 1130 mm
2

= 100 x 1130
1000 x 542
= 0.2084871 %
τc = 0.29 N/mm2 ( From IS 456:2000)

As τc > τv Shear Reinforcement is not required

Design Shear = 38.3 - 0.29 x ( 600 - 16 - 50 )/10

= 22.8 Ton

No of Legs = 4
Dia of Legs = 10 mm

^2
spacing required = 4 x 0.785 x 10 x 550 x 240
22.8 x 10000
= 182.08 mm

Shear Reinforcement Provided

4 legs of 10 mm dia 170 mm c/c

97
CHECK FOR CRACK WIDTH ON LAND SIDE AS PER IS 456-2000

BEAM SECTION :-
WIDTH (b) = 1000 mm e1
DEPTH (D)= 600 mm
d-x fs/Es D-x
EFFECTIVE DEPTH (d) = 542 mm d D
CLEAR COVER = 50 mm x
Ast = 1130.0 mm²
GRADE OF CONCRETE (fck ) = M 30 fc/Ec
Strain Diagram

ELASTIC MODULUS OF CONCRETE (Ec) = 5000X SQRT(f ck) = 27386.13 N/mm²

ELASTIC MODULUS OF STEEL (Es) = 200000 N/mm²
MODULAR RATIO (m) = 7.3029674
MAXm MOMENT (M s) = 11.00 T/m
BAR DIA = 16 mm
BAR SPACING = 100 mm
FROM DIAGRAM, e1 =(fs/Es)x(D-x)/(d-x) ……………………….( 1 )
Now, FROM THE METHOD OF THE TRANSFORMED SECTION,
So,
b*x*x/2 = m*As*(d-x)
x= 86.69 mm (PUTTING THE VALUE OF b, m , As ,& d )

fs = Ms/(As*(d-x/3)) = 189.72 mm

FROM THE EQUATION (1) ,

e1 = 0.0011 mm

e2 (DUE TO STRAIN HARDENING) = b*(D-x)*(a-x)/{3*Es*As*(d-x)}

TAKING, D=a= 600 mm

e2 = 0.000854 mm < e1
CRACK WIDTH = 3*a cr*ξm/{1+2*(acr-cmin)/(D-x)} (REF. APPENDIX F OF IS 456) …. (2)
HERE, ξm = e1-e2 = 0.000216 mm (REF. APPENDIX F OF IS 456)

ec = COVER + (d/2)
ec = 58 mm

acr = Sqrt[(S/2)²+ec²]-dia/2 (REF. APPENDIX F OF IS 456)

acr = 69 mm

FROM THE EQUATION (2) ,

CRACK WIDTH = 0.04 mm < 0.3, Hence ok

98
STAAD EDITOR FILE FOR DIAPHRAGM WALL FOR APPROACH
OF UNDERPASS
STAAD PLANE
START JOB INFORMATION
ENGINEER DATE 14-Aug-14
END JOB INFORMATION
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT METER MTON
JOINT COORDINATES
3 0 17.08 0; 6 0 22.88 0;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
3 3 6;
DEFINE MATERIAL START
ISOTROPIC CONCRETE
E 2.21467e+006
POISSON 0.17
DENSITY 2.40262
ALPHA 1e-005
DAMP 0.05
TYPE CONCRETE
STRENGTH FCU 2812.28
END DEFINE MATERIAL
MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN
3 PRIS YD 0.5 ZD 1
CONSTANTS
MATERIAL CONCRETE ALL
SUPPORTS
3 FIXED
LOAD 1 LOADTYPE None TITLE LOAD CASE 1
MEMBER LOAD
3 TRAP GX 3.9 0.75
3 TRAP GX -28.2 -0 0 2.8
PERFORM ANALYSIS
PRINT ALL
FINISH 

99
 5.8 m

Y
X
Z Load 1

DIAPHRAGM WALL SECTION

7.355 kN/m

0 kN/m

Y
X
Z Load 1
-276.548 kN/m
38.246 kN/m

LOADING DIAGRAM

Max: 101.979 kNm

Y
X Load 1 : Bending Z
Z Moment - kNm

BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM

100
 Y
X Max: -254.924 kN Load 1 : Shear Y
Z Force - kN

SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM

101
DIAPHRAGM WALL DESIGN FOR TYPE DW 10

102
 DESIGN OF CANTILEVER TYPE DIAPHRAGM WALL FOR RUB DW10 (2.6m HEIGHT)

CANTILEVER TYPE DIAPHRAGM WALL DESIGN

Top R.Lof Wall = 0 m
Live Load Surcharge = 1.2 m
Excavation R.L = -2.6 m
LOAD DUE TO SURCHARGE

Surcharge Height h = 1.20 m

Surcharge Density = 18.0 kN/m³

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2

= 2/3  = 19.33

Angel with vertical i = 0

cos²(-
Ka1 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Pressure due to surcharge

p = Ka x x h - 2c SQRT (Ka)
= 0.31 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 1.20 m
= 7.49 kN/m2

R.L = 0.000m

Layer 1 :
Depth h1 = 1.30 m
Density 1= 18.00 kN/m³
1= 29 0 M
c= 0 Kn/m2

p1 = 7.23 kN/m2

Layer 1a P1 = 43.35 Kn
Depth h2 = 1.30 m
Density 2= 18.00 kN/m³
2= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2 DREDGE LINE
Z1 = 1.18 m
Excavtion R.L = -2.60m

Layer 2
Density 3= 18.00 kN/m³
0
3= 29 a= 0.231 m
c= 0 Kn/m2

O ANCHORAGE
LENGTH

m= 2.2848 m

103
LAYER 1

Depth h1 = 1.30 m
Density 1= 18.00 kN/m³

1= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2

Coefficient of active Earth pressure (Ka)

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Ka1 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Coefficient of passive Earthpressure (Kp)

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Kp1 =
cos² cos() [ 1 - sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 5.6

Active Earth pressure for ordinate height h1

p1= Ka1 x x h1

= 0.31 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 1.30 m
= 7.23 kN/m2

LAYER 1a

Depth h2 = 1.30 m
Density 1= 18.00 kN/m³

2= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2

Coefficient of active Earthpressure (Ka)

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Ka2 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Coefficient of Passive Earthpressure (Kp)

= 0
0
1= 29

104
 c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Kp2 =
cos² cos() [ 1 - sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 5.600

Active Earth Pressure for ordiante height h2

p2 = Ka2 x x h2
= 0.31 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 1.30 m
= 7.23 kN/m2

Total Pressure ordinate at base = p1+ p2 + p

p (x) = 7.23 kN/m³ + 7.23 kN/m³ + 7.49 kN/m2
p (x) = 21.96 Kn/m2

TOTAL ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE ON DIAPHRAGM WALL UPTO DREDGE LINE

P1 = p x ( h1 + h2) +0.5 x p1 x h1 + p1 x h2 + 0.5 x p2 x h2 + 0.5 x total p (x) x a

= 7.495x(1.300+1.300) + 0.5x7.232x1.300+7.232x 1.300+0.5x7.232x1.300+0.5x21.960xa
= 38.29 + 10.980 a ( where a = 0.2 m from eqn 1)
= 43.35 Kn

LAYER 2

Density 3= 18.00 kN/m³

0
Angle of Repose 1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2

Coefficient of active Earthpressure (Ka)

= 0
1= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Ka3 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Coefficient of Passive Earthpressure (Kp)

= 0
0
1= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Kp3 =
cos² cos() [ 1 - sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 5.600

Depth (a) = p(x) ------------------------------------- (1)

x (Kp-Ka)
= 21.960/(18.000 x (5.600 - 0.309))
= 0.231 m

105
Total Passive Earth Pressure

K = Kp - Ka
= 5.600 - 0.309
= 5.291

Pp1' = y1 h1 Kp1 + y2 h2 Kp2 +y a K

= (18.000x1.300 x 5.600 )+( 18.000x1.300 x 5.600 )+( 0.231x5.291 x 18.000)
= 131 + 131.04 + 21.96
= 284 Kn/m2

Now yxK = 18.00 x 5.3

= 95.237

Distance of C.G of active earth pressure from O

P1 x Z1 = (p x (h1+h2) x (a + (h1+h2)/2) + 0.5 x p1 x h1 x (a + h2 + h1/3) + p1 x h2 x (a + h2 /2) + 0.5 x p2 x h2 x (a + h2 /3) +
( total p x a²x2/3) / P1
= 7.495x2.600x1.531+ 0.5 x7.232x1.300x1.964+ 7.232x1.300x0.881+ 0.5 x7.232x1.300x0.66+21.960 x 0.231²x 2/3
Z1 = 1.182 m

Therefore Pp1' = 284.040798 = 2.982 m ----------- (1)

yxK 95.2368459

8P1 = 8 x 43.35 ----------- (2)

yK 18.00 x 5.29
= 3.642

6 P1 6.00 x 43.35 ----------- (3)

x (2 Z1 y3 Kp3 +Pp1') = 2 x ( 2x 1.182x18.000x5.291+ 284.041)
(y3 Kp3)2 ( 18.0 x 5.29 )
= 0.03 x 509.11
= 14.6

2
6 P1 Z1 Pp1' + 4 Ra
2
(6 x 43.35 x 1.18 x 284 ) + 4x( 43.35 ) ----------- (4)
2 = 2
(y3 K3) ( 18.0 x 5.29 )
= 10.45

By Trial and error method Solving m = equation (4) in below equation

(m4) + ((m3 x eqn(1)) - ( (m2) x eqn(2))-((m3) x eqn (3)) = (m ^4) + (m^3 x 2.98) - (m ^2) x 3.64) - (mx 14.60)
m = 10.45005 m

Total Depth of Anchorge

m = 2.285 m
a = 0.2 m
Factor of Safety = 1.4

D = b + a
= 2.285 m + 0.231 m
= 2.52 m

Total D = 1.4 d
= 3.521 m

But Provided Depth = 3.5 m

Acitve and Passive Pressure upto embeded depth of aplicability

Depth h4 = 6.32 m
Density 4= 18.00 kN/m³

4= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2

Coefficient of active Earthpressure (Ka)

= 0
4= 29 0
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33

106
 Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Ka4 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 0.309

Coefficient of Passive Earthpressure (Kp)

= 0
0
4= 29
c= 0 Kn/m2
= 2/3  = 19.33
Angel with vertical i = 0
cos²(-
Kp4 =
cos² cos() [ 1 - sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
= 5.600

Active Earth Pressure for upto embeded depth of aplicability

p4 = Ka4 x x h4
= 0.309 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 6.32 m
= 35.14 kN/m2

Passive Earth Pressure for upto embeded depth of aplicability

p4 = Kp4 x x h4
= 5.60 x 18.0 kN/m³ x 2.52 m
= 253.55 kN/m2

REINFORCEMENT CALCULTAION

CHECK FOR BENDING MOMENT @ EARTH SIDE

Moment = 72 kNm (From STAAD)
Factored Moment Mu = 108 kNm
Grade of Concrete = M 30
Compressive stresses in Concrete = 30
Grade of Steel = FE 500
Depth of Diaphragm wall = 600 mm
Dia of Bar = 16 mm
Cover = 50 mm
Effective depth = 542 mm

Reinforcement requierd calculated as per SP 16

= Mu/bxd^2
= 108 x 1000000/ 1000x (517) x (517))
= 0.368 N/mm²
Percentage Requied = 0.085
Therefore Area of Steel required = 0.085 x 542 = 4.61 Cm2

Area of Steel Provided = 12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c + 0 mm dia @ 100 mm c/c

= 7.54 > 4.61 Cm2

Minimum Area of Steel Required = 0.12 x 600

= 7.2 Cm2

Minimum Area of Steel Provided = 12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c

= 7.536 > 7.2 Cm2

Area of Steel Required in Distribution = 0.12 x 600 x .5

= 3.6 Cm2

Area of Steel Provided in Distribution = 10 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c

= 3.93 > 3.6 Cm2

107
CHECK FOR SHEAR FORCE

Effec. depth of the section = 0.54 m

Width of the Diaphragm wall = 1 m
Shear force (T) = Vu = 21.0 t
Ultimate Shear force Vus = 31.5 t
Area of Steel Provided = 7.54 cm2

For Nominal shear stress

τ v= Vus
bd
= 31.5
1.0 x 0.542
= 0.58 N/mm2
Permissible Shear Stress

Percentage of steel     = 100 x Ast

bd
Longitudinal Steel provided (Ast) = 754 mm
2

= 100 x 754
1000 x 542
= 0.1391144 %
τc = 0.29 N/mm2 ( From IS 456:2000)

As τc > τv Shear Reinforcement is not required

Design Shear = 31.5 - 0.29 x ( 600 - 16 - 50 )/10

= 16.0 Ton

No of Legs = 4
Dia of Legs = 10 mm

^2
spacing required = 4 x 0.785 x 10 x 550 x 240
16.0 x 10000
= 258.82 mm

Shear Reinforcement Provided

4 legs of 10 mm dia 250 mm c/c

108
CHECK FOR CRACK WIDTH ON LAND SIDE AS PER IS 456-2000

BEAM SECTION :-
WIDTH (b) = 1000 mm e1
DEPTH (D)= 600 mm
d-x fs/Es D-x
EFFECTIVE DEPTH (d) = 542 mm d D
CLEAR COVER = 50 mm x
Ast = 754.0 mm²
GRADE OF CONCRETE (fck ) = M 30 fc/Ec
Strain Diagram

ELASTIC MODULUS OF CONCRETE (Ec) = 5000X SQRT(f ck) = 27386.13 N/mm²

ELASTIC MODULUS OF STEEL (Es) = 200000 N/mm²
MODULAR RATIO (m) = 7.3029674
MAXm MOMENT (M s) = 7.20 T/m
BAR DIA = 16 mm
BAR SPACING = 100 mm
FROM DIAGRAM, e1 =(fs/Es)x(D-x)/(d-x) ……………………….( 1 )
Now, FROM THE METHOD OF THE TRANSFORMED SECTION,
So,
b*x*x/2 = m*As*(d-x)
x= 71.95 mm (PUTTING THE VALUE OF b, m , As ,& d )

fs = Ms/(As*(d-x/3)) = 184.34 mm

FROM THE EQUATION (1) ,

e1 = 0.0010 mm

e2 (DUE TO STRAIN HARDENING) = b*(D-x)*(a-x)/{3*Es*As*(d-x)}

TAKING, D=a= 600 mm

e2 = 0.001311 mm CHECK
CRACK WIDTH = 3*a cr*ξm/{1+2*(acr-cmin)/(D-x)} (REF. APPENDIX F OF IS 456) …. (2)
HERE, ξm = e1-e2 = -0.000276 mm (REF. APPENDIX F OF IS 456)

ec = COVER + (d/2)
ec = 58 mm

acr = Sqrt[(S/2)²+ec²]-dia/2 (REF. APPENDIX F OF IS 456)

acr = 69 mm

FROM THE EQUATION (2) ,

CRACK WIDTH = -0.05 mm < 0.3, Hence ok

109
STAAD EDITOR FILE FOR DIAPHRAGM WALL FOR APPROACH
OF UNDERPASS
STAAD PLANE
START JOB INFORMATION
ENGINEER DATE 14-Aug-14
END JOB INFORMATION
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT METER MTON
JOINT COORDINATES
3 0 17.78 0; 6 0 22.88 0;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
3 3 6;
DEFINE MATERIAL START
ISOTROPIC CONCRETE
E 2.21467e+006
POISSON 0.17
DENSITY 2.40262
ALPHA 1e-005
DAMP 0.05
TYPE CONCRETE
STRENGTH FCU 2812.28
END DEFINE MATERIAL
MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN
3 PRIS YD 0.6 ZD 1
CONSTANTS
MATERIAL CONCRETE ALL
SUPPORTS
3 FIXED
LOAD 1 LOADTYPE None TITLE LOAD CASE 1
MEMBER LOAD
3 TRAP GX 3.51 0.75
3 TRAP GX -25.35 -0 0 2.52
PERFORM ANALYSIS
PRINT ALL
FINISH 

110
 5.1 m

Y
X
Z Load 1

DIAPHRAGM WALL SECTION

7.355 kN/m

0 kN/m

Y
X
Z Load 1
-248.599 kN/m
34.421 kN/m

LOADING DIAGRAM

Max: 71.561 kNm

Y
X Load 1 : Bending Z : Displacement
Z Moment - kNm

BENDING MOMNET DIAGRAM

111
 Y
X Max: -206.705 kN Load 1 : Shear Y
Z Force - kN

SHEAR FORCE

112
CHECK FOR SEISMIC

113
 Earthquake Coefficient Calculation

Design Horizontal Seismic Coefficient(Ah) = Z I Sa

2Rg

Where Z = Zone Factor

= 0.24

I = Importance Factor

= 1.2

R = Response Reduction Factor

=4

Sa/g = Average response acceleration coefficient (depends on Ta)

0.75
Ta = 0.075 h

= 0.075 x 4.500^0.75

= 0.2317238 sec

Sa/g = 2.5

Ah = Z I Sa
2Rg

= 0.240/2 x1.200/4.000 x 2.500

= 0.09

114
 Soil Constant Calculation in Seismic

= 0 Ah = 0.09
Angle of friction = 30 Av = 0.06
= 2/3  = 20
Angel with vertical i = 0
= tan-1 (h / (1 + v)) = tan-1 (h / (1 - v))
= 4.853096 = 5.469095
In seismic condition,
(1 + v) cos²(-
Ka1 =
cos  cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos(i))]²
(1 + 0.06) cos²(30 - 0 - 4.853 )
Ka1 =
cos4.85cos²0.00cos(0.00 + 20.00 + 4.85)[ 1 + sqrt((sin(30.000 + 20.00)sin(30.00-0.00-4.85)/(cos(0.00 + 20.00 + 4.85)cos(0.00-0.00)))]²)
Ka1 = 0.375759
In Normal condition,
cos²(-
Ka1 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
Ka1 = 0.297314

In seismic condition,
(1 - v) cos²(-
Ka2 =
cos  cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos(i))]²
(1 - 0.06) cos²(30 - 0 - 5.469 )
Ka2 =
cos5.47cos²0.00cos(0.00 + 20.00 + 5.47)[ 1 + sqrt((sin(30.000 + 20.00)sin(30.00-0.00-5.47)/(cos(0.00 + 20.00 + 5.47)cos(0.00-0.00)))]²)
Ka2 = 0.340893
In Normal condition,
cos²(-
Ka2 =
cos² cos() [ 1 + sqrt((sin(sin (i)/(cos () cos()))]²
Ka2 = 0.297314

For checking Governing case

115