INDTRODUCTION

This brochure provides detailed information on sustainable and environmentally

responsible heat generation using ORYX heat pumps.

Heat pumps utilise renewable energy from the groundwater or air.

They lower consumption of fossil fuels, conserve valuable resources and reduce

CO2 emissions that damage the environment.

ORYX heat pumps offer their users an additional benefit – many of them

feature active and natural cooling functions. Alongside their classic application as

heat generators on cold days, they can also create a pleasant interior in summer by

bringing refreshing cool air into the house.

ORYX extensive product range offers the right heat pump to suit every

demand. Even at the design stage, structural and geological conditions, as well

as personal and individual preferences concerning the heat demand can be taken

into account. Running a heat pump with power generated on site by a photovoltaic

system is particularly environmentally responsible and very affordable.

ORYX heat pumps can be used in new build and modernisation projects,

operated together with solar thermal systems and even combined with an existing

oil or gas heating system to form a multi mode system. This allows every building

and property owner to put their plans into action in the most efficient way possible.
WHAT IS A HEAT PUMP?

A heat pump is a device that moves heat from one location (called the 'source') to anotherlocation (called the 'user'),
using a small quantity of high grade energy. Basically, a heat pump operates in a similar manner as an air conditioner,
but in reverse.

HOW THE HEAT PUMP WORKS

A heat pump comprises a refrigerant circuit, filled with a special fluid (refrigerant) which, depending on the
temperature and pressure conditions in which it is working, will be in either a gaseous or liquid state. The refrigerant
circuit is made up of:

• The compressor;
• The condenser (also called user heat exchanger);
• The expansion valve;
• The evaporator (also called source heat exchanger).

To explain the principle of operation it is best to follow the refrigerant around the circuit with reference to the diagram
above. Starting at the discharge side of the compressor, the refrigerant is in a gaseous state, has been compressed and
is therefore hot and at high pressure. It passes into the condenser (a heat exchanger) where it transfers most of its
heat. As it cools it changes state (condenses) to a liquid which is warm and at high pressure. This warm liquid
refrigerant then passes through a pressure-reducing device (the expansion valve). As temperature and pressure are
directly linked, dropping the pressure causes the temperature of the refrigerant to plummet. In addition, some of the
refrigerant evaporates and the result is a low temperature mix of liquid and gaseous refrigerant that is known as ‘Flash
Gas’. This mixture then passes to another heat exchanger, the evaporator, where the refrigerant fluid absorbs heat and
fully evaporates into a cold, low pressure gas. The refrigerant, in this gaseous state, passes to the compressor where it
is pressurized, heated and circulated back around the system. The cycle is continuous. In practical terms, the heat pump
is giving heat out to the user in the condenser and is absorbing heat from a source in the evaporator. The user heat
is at high temperature (up to 63°C) whilst the absorbed heat from the source (air,ground or water) is at low
temperature. Insuch a system, for the heat provided to be useful, it is essential that the refrigerant reaches a
sufficiently high temperature when compressed. Similarly, to make use of low grade heat sources, it must reach a
sufficiently low temperature when expanded. In other words, the pressure difference must be great enough for the
refrigerant to condense at the hot side and still evaporate in the lower pressure region at the cold side. The greater the
temperature difference, the greater is the required pressure difference and consequently more energy is needed to
compress the fluid. Thus, as with all heat pumps, the energy efficiency (amount of heat moved per unit of input work
required), decreases with increasing temperature difference. Heat pumps are available in reversible versions. During
the Winter they produce heating whilst in Summer they provide cooling. This reversal is performed by a 4 way reversing
valve. This valve switches between "heating mode" and "cooling mode" on receipt of a signal from the unit controls. By
switching the valve, the refrigerant flows around the circuit in the opposite direction, the user exchangerabsorbs heat
and the source exchanger supplies heat. This is the opposite of the heating mode.
The SOURCE, THE USER.

THE SOURCE

The external medium from which the energy is absorbed is called the source. It is generally a low grade (low
temperature) source. In the heat pump the refrigerant absorbs heat from the source in the evaporator. The LOA heat
pumps use the ambient air as their source, and they are therefore identified as Air-to-Water heat pumps. The WOA
heat pumps use water as the source and they are therefore identified as water-to-water heat pumps.

THE USER

For all ORYX heat pumps, water is the medium that is to be heated and this is called the user. In the heat pump, the
user is the condenser in which the refrigerant transfers (releases) the thermal energy that was absorbed from the
source plus that which was input to the compressor. The warm water then transfers the heat to the building with a
heating system that normally uses Fan coils Radiators Under floor heating systems.

TYPES OF HEAT PUMPS

There are different types of heat pumps, classified by the type of the source; the main types are:

• AIR TO WATER HEAT PUMPS

• WATER TO WATER HEAT PUMPS
• BRINE TO WATER HEAT PUMPS
• AIR TO WATER HEAT PUMPS:
Air to water pumps use an energy source that you don’t even need to tap. Because air is everywhere , free of charge
and available in unlimited qualities, assembly and investment cost are low and the units are easy to install. The outside
air is drawn in by a fan and warmth extracted. In reversible models this can also generate refreshing cool air through
reverse circulation. It works year-round, from 35°C right down to -22°C. all you hear is whisper-quite breeze: the ORYX
technology develop in our noise laboratory reduces the sound level to a minimum and filters out particularly disruptive
frequencies. Whether mounted outside or inside, ORYX air to water heat pumps are quite, economical and
environmental friendly

Its best in class COP performance, air to water heat pump system delivers more heating power with less energy
consumption uses high quality components and material which contribute to the overall savings in energy
consumption.

Air to water heat pump system only delivers the heating capacity required; thus consuming only the necessary
electricity.
The hot water temperature is also optimized thanks to advanced control depending on the outside air temperature.

The milder outside, the air-to-water systems automatically produces lower water temperature to anticipate decreased
needs of space heating.

The same control logic allows to anticipate as well increasing heating needs when weather conditions become extreme;
this overall temperature management gives the best conditions of comfort. All this s reducing the CO2 emissions in the
atmosphere
• WATER TO WATER HEAT PUMPS:

Water to water heat pumps are highly efficient. Because groundwater is a constant 10°C even on the coldest days of
the year, heat production doesn’t have to compensate for climatic fluctuations. To tap this special heat source,
underground water must be present in the right quality and temperature, and close enough to the surface. An innovate
stainless steel coil evaporator makes ORXY units uniquely robust, which means that they can be used with just about
any water quality. In summer this technology can be used for passive cooling which is particularly energy-saving.

A water source Heat pump is a mechanical reverse cycle device that is used to transfer heat from one medium to
another.

A water source heat pump extract heat from water when in the heating mode and rejects heat to the water when in
cooling mode.
The water supply may be a re-circulating closed loop or a once-thru system using water from a water source.

Water for closed-loop heat pump is usually circulated at 2.25 to 3.00 gpm per ton of unit cooling capacity.
A once thru ground water heat pump can operate with a lower water flow, but the same range is still recomended
• BRINE TO WATER HEAT PUMPS:

Brine to water heat pumps use earth as an energy source. Depending on the size and quality of the plot of land, the
heat stored under ground is collected using probes which go down as far as 100 meters into the ground. The depth of
the drilling is determined by the by the heating requirements and conductivity of the soil. If the plot is large enough,
energy generated by the rain and sun can also be harvested using collectors, installed across large areas just below the
frost line. Our brine to water heat and generate hot water: they’re also perfect for passive and, depending on the
model, active cooling in summer

During rain, the heat from the sun is transferred to the soil. The heat accumulated in the soil is the source of heat
diverted by the earth collector. Via the collector, the circulation heat pump drives the brine, which absorbs the heat
from the earth and transfers the same to the heat pump unit.

The heat accumulated in the evaporator in the heat pump is transferred to the refrigerant cooling down the brine,
which again absorbs the heat from the earth.

In the heat pump unit, the electrically driven compressor sucks up the refrigerant and compresses it, creating higher
pressure and a higher temperature level. The power generated by the compressor is mostly transferred to the
refrigerant.

The warmer refrigerant flows into the condenser and transfers heat to the heating water. The heating water is heated
to 55oC.
EFFICIENCY OF THE HEAT PUMP

During its operation the heat pump:

• “Absorbs” electricity in the compressor;
• “Absorbs” thermal energy from the source (air or water);
• Releases thermal energy in the user heat exchanger (water).

The main advantage of the heat pump is the capacity to supply more Energy (thermal) than that required for its
operation (electrical). The efficiency of a heat pump is measured by the coefficient of performance
“C.O.P.” that is the RATIO between the thermal energy supplied to the user and the electric input power absorbed by
the unit. The C.O.P. is variable depending on the type of the heat pump and the working conditions but is generally in
the region of 3 to 5. This means that for 1 kWh of electrical input energy, the unit will supply between 3 and 5 kWh of
thermal energy to the user.

The C.O.P. will vary and is dependant upon the temperature at which the heat is transferred (user), the temperature of
the source and, in the case of air source units, the amount of defrost required.

WHY USE A HEAT PUMP?

It is evident that, because heating is such a substantial part of the total Energy consumption, savings in this area will
have a massive effect on the overall energy bill for the country. The heat pump is substantially more efficient than any
other heating source available in the market. With C.O.P’s of between 3 and 5 they consume 3 to 5 times less Energy
than a typical gas or oil system.

This means that not only does it give running cost savings but also many other benefits which include:
• Low emission of greenhouse gases such as CO2
• Uses electricity that is universally available; Use of renewable energies;
• No requirement for fuels, gas, oil tanks, chimneys;
• No environmental pollution;
• If the electricity used by the heat pump is produced by photovoltaic panels, windmills or water turbines, we have
an ideal system with an environmental impact of ZERO.
WHAT IS THE E.V.I. TECHNOLOGY (ENHANCED VAPOUR INJECTION)?

Heat pumps utilise scroll compressors that are

equipped with E.V.I. technology, a versatile
method of improving system capacity and
efficiency. EVI stands for “Economised
Vapour Injection.”
The technology involves injecting refrigerant
vapour into the middle of the compression
process, a procedure that significantly
boosts capacity and efficiency. Each scroll
compressor used in these units is similar to a
two-stage compressor with built-in inter-stage
cooling. The process begins when a portion
of the condenser liquid is extracted and
expanded through an expansion valve. The
low temperature liquid/gas mixture produced
is injected into a heat exchanger that operates
as a sub cooler. Any liquid is evaporated and
the vapour produced is superheated.

The superheated vapour is then injected into an intermediate port in the scroll compressor. This cold vapour reduces
the temperature of the compressed gas thus enabling the compressor to raise the pressure to levels (and
temperatures) beyond that possible with a single stage scroll. The additional sub cooling of the main volume of liquid
refrigerant increases the evaporator capacity. This compressor technology generates a larger pressure ratio between
condensing and evaporating pressures, with significant performance improvement. Using this technology enables units
to produce hot water up to 65°C and the ability to operate down to -20°C ambient temperature.
The graphs show the evolution of C.O.P. with different ambient temperatures and produced hot water temperatures;
we underline the important decrease of the heating capacity around 3°C, concurrently with the defrost of the source
heat exchanger.

The efficiency of EVI compressors at low ambient conditions is about 25% higher than standard scroll compressors. The
performance improvement becomes even more evident in applications that require high water temperatures (i.e. when
domestic hot water is required). Such applications are beyond the operational limits of a standard scroll compressor.
The graph below shows the operation range of the EVI scroll compressors supplied in units. At -15°C ambient, outlet
water temperature closed to 55°C can still be achieved. This increases the application envelope of the heat pump.
ORYX
High efficiency air to water heat pumps

The ORY series of high efficiency heat pumps has been specifically designed for use with radiant floor heating systems or those
applications where it is necessary to have maximum efficiency when heating.

They have been optimized on heating mode, are able to produce water up to 60°C and can operate down to -20°C
ambient temperature.

All versions are supplied with reverse cycle valve used for winter defrost; is suitable for use in those
countries that have support schemes for use of heat pump technology for heating. The versions are also able to
produce cold water.

ACCESSORIES
Hydraulic kit with one pump without tank.
Hydraulic kit with tank and one pump.
Hydraulic kit with two pump without tank.
Hydraulic kit with tank and two pump.
Electronic soft starter.
Serial interface card RS485.
Rubber anti-vibration mountings.
Hydraulic circuit antifreeze kit.
Remote control panel.
User and recovery heat exchanger antifreeze kit.
Cascade control system via RS485.
Unit performance optimizer.
High static pressure E.C. fans.
E.C. fans.
Electronic thermostatic valve.
FRAME
All units are made from hot-galvanized sheet steel, painted with polyurethane powder enamel and stoved at 180°C to provide
maximum protection against corrosion. The frame is self-supporting with removable panels. All screws and rivets used are made
from stainless steel. The standard color of the units is RAL5005.

REFRIGERIANT CIRCUIT
The refrigerant utilized is R410A. The refrigerant circuit is assembled using internationally recognised brand name components with
all brazing and welding being performed in accordance with ISO 97/23.
The refrigerant circuit includes: sight glass, filter drier, two thermal expansion valves (one for cooling mode, one for heating mode)
with external equalizer, 4 way reversing valve, check valves, liquid receiver, Schrader valves for maintenance and control, pressure
safety device (for compliance with PED regulations).

COMPRESSORS
The compressors used are a high performance scroll type that incorporates a special scroll design which enhances the efficiency of
the refrigerant cycle when the source temperature is low. In all units the compressors are connected in tandem. The compressors
are all supplied with a crankcase heater and thermal overload protection by a klixon embedded in the motor winding. They are
mounted in a separate enclosure in order to be separated from the air stream thus enabling them to be maintained even if the unit
is operating. Access to this enclosure is by the front panel of the unit. The crankcase heater is always powered when the
compressor is in stand-by.

SOURCE HEAT EXCHANGERS

The source heat exchanger is made from 3/8” copper pipes and 0,1mm thick aluminum fins with the tubes being mechanically
expanded into the aluminum fins in order to maximize heat transfer. Furthermore, the design guarantees a low air side pressure
drop thus enabling the use of low rotation speed (and hence low noise) fans. All heat exchangers are supplied standard with fins
hydrophilic coating.

USERS HEAT EXCHANGERS

The user heat exchanger is a braze welded, plate type heat exchanger, manufactured from AISI 316 stainless steel. The use of this
type of exchanger results in a massive reduction of the refrigerant charge of the unit compared to a traditional shell-in-tube type. A
further advantage is a reduction in the overall dimensions of the unit. The exchangers are factory insulated with flexible close cell
material and can be fitted with an antifreeze heater (accessory). Each exchanger is fitted with a temperature sensor on the
discharge water side for antifreeze protection.

FANS
The fans are direct drive axial type with aluminum aerofoil blades, are statically and dynamically balanced and are supplied
complete with a safety fan guard complying with the requirements of EN 60335. They are fixed to the unit frame via rubber anti-
vibration mountings. The electric motors, in OLN versions are 6 poles type rotating at approximately 900 rpm. In the OSLN versions
the fans are 8 poles type (approx 600 rpm). As standard, all units are fitted with a pressure operated fan speed controller. The
motors are fitted with integrated thermal overload protection and have a moisture protection rating of IP 54.
MICROPROCESSORS
All units are supplied as standard with microprocessor controls. The microprocessor controls the following functions: control of the
water temperature, antifreeze protection, compressor timing, compressor automatic starting sequence (For multiple compressors),
alarm reset. The control panel is supplied with display showing all operational icons. The microprocessor is set for automatic
defrost (when operating in severe ambient conditions) and for summer/ winter change over. The control also manages the anti-
legionel- la program, the integration with other heating sources (electric heaters, boilers, solar panels etc), the operation of a three
port modulating valve (for diverting to DHW or heating) and both the heating circuit pump and the domestic hot water circuit
pump. If required (available as an option), the microprocessor can be configured in order for it to connect to a site BMS system thus
enabling remote control and management. The technical department can discuss and evaluate, in conjunction with the customer,
solutions using MODBUS protocols.

ELECTRIC ENCLOSURE
The enclosure is manufactured in order to comply with the requirements of the electromagnetic compatibility standards CEE 73/23
and 89/336. Access to the enclosure is achieved by removing the front panel of the unit. The following components are supplied as
standard on all units: main switch, a sequence relay that disables the power supply in the event that the phase sequence is
incorrect (scroll compressors can be damaged if they rotate in the wrong direction), thermal overloads (protection of pumps and
fans), compressor fuses, control circuit automatic breakers, compressor contactors, fan contactors and pump contactors. The
terminal board has volt free contacts for remote ON-OFF, summer/ winter change over

CONTROL AND PROTECTION DEVICE

All units are supplied with the following controls and protections: user water return temperature sensor, antifreeze protection
temperature sensor installed on users water output, domestic hot water supply and return temperature sensors (only versions
SW6), high pressure manual reset, low pressure automatic reset, compressor thermal protection, air fan, thermal protection,
pressure transducer (used to optimize the defrost cycle and to adjust the fan speed depending on ambient conditions), flow switch.
All units are also fitted with a temperature probe sensor with “Energy Saving” function, supplied in a separate plastic box,