ART APPRECIATION

THINKERS WHOSE THOUGHTS WERE THE PLACE OF HUMANITIES IN

LECTURE 1.1 THE BASIS OF METHOD IN THE THE HISTORY OF WESTERN
Art as a Humanistic Discipline HUMANITIES CIVILIZATION

FIELDS OF LEARNING SOCRATES, 469-399 BC ANCIENT (800BC)

SCIENCES “Know thyself.” COSMOCENTRIC VIEW
PROTAGORAS: Man is the measure of all
HUMANITIES WISDOM things.
 Language AUGUSTINE, 354-430 AD GEOCENTRISM: Man is at the center of the
 History “Withdraw into yourself truth dwells in the universe.
 Art inner man.”
 Philosophy MEDIEVAL (300AD)
THE THE THEOCENTRIC VIEW
Art SCIENCES HUMANITIES SCHOLASTICISM: Man is created in the
 Creation  Knowledge  Wisdom image of God
 Artist  The scientist  The humanist Man is at the center of creation.
 Practice becomes a becomes a
learned man wise man RENAISSANCE (1400)
ANTHROPOCENTRIC VIEW
Art Appreciation
HUMANISM: Nothing is more wonderful
 Spectator Theory
THALES OF MILETUS than man.
The Sciences (620-546 BC)
A scientist tends to know everything about MODERN (1600)
 Deals with natural, physical SCIENTIFIC-TECHNOCENTRIC VIEW
phenomena the world that he forgets to know anything
about himself. Man is a part of nature.
The Humanities POSTMODERN (1960)
 Deals with human phenomena CONFUCIUS (555-479 BC)
 “The Great Sage”, Wise Man ECLECTIC VIEW
Man is a piece of everything.
Subject Knower (Person)
Scientific Method (Connects) LECTURE 1.2
The Humanities in Western Civilization ANCIENT IMAGE OF
Object-Known (World) COSMOCENTRICMAN:
 “The scientist learns about things in “HUMANITIES”
LATIN: “humanitas” which means GEOCENTRIC THEORY
the world.”  Earth (Man) is the center of the
“humanity”
universe.
SUBJECT-KNOWER = OBJECT-KNOWN
REFLEXIVE METHOD Divinitas- Gods in the state of perfection in
heaven Ptolemy (100-170 AD)
 “The humanist learns about the  Almagest
Humanitas- People in the state of culture in
self.”
civilized society
Barbaritas- Savages in the state of nature
for survival
ART APPRECIATION
MEDIEVAL IMAGE OF THEOCENTRIC
MAN Rembrandt LIBERAL ART
 Man is created by God.  The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Turf, Artist
Escorial Beatus, 1642
 Illuminated Manuscript, 10th Century SERVILLE ART
MODERN IMAGE OF SCIENTIFIC- Artisan
RENAISSANCE IMAGE OF MAN TECHNOCENTRIC MAN
ANTROPOCENTRIC MAN:  Man is dehumanized during the ART:
 Measure of all things industrial age. MAJOR ART
 Architect
Leonardo da Vinci Legaspi  Sculptor
 Vitruvian Man, 1490  Gadgets, 1947
MINOR ART/CRAFT
RENAISSANCE IMAGE OF POSTMODERN IMAGE OF ECLECTIC  Stone Cutter
ANTHROPOCENTRIC MAN MAN  Carpenter
The image of man is the image of God. Man  Man is a piece of everything.
is the measure of God. FINE ART
INSTALLATION ART  Professional & Academic Artist
Michelangelo Medio Cruz
 The Creation of Man (Sistine Chapel  Poleteismo, from Kulo Exhibit 2011 WESTERN CONCEPT ART
Painting, 1512)  Academic- Only schooled people
HUMANISTIC DISCIPLINES  Elitist- Meant for the higher social
HELIOCENTRIC THEORY class
 Removed man from the center of the HISTORY  Hierarchical- Liberal art and Serville
universe and suggested the view Human events happening in the world Art
man was special in the universe.
Copernicus (1542) LANGUAGE WESTERN CLASSIFICATION OF THE
 On the Revolution of Celestial Written and oral forms of human ARTS
Bodies communication  MAJOR ART
Made by artists and primarily concerned
MODERN IMAGE OF SCIENTIFIC- PHILOSOPHY with the form of beauty
TECHNOCENTRIC MAN Human reason concerning reality  MINOR ART OR CRAFT
 Man is a part of nature. Made by artisans and concerned with
 The Evolution of Man- Charles ART functionality and usefulness of human-
Darwin  Admiration (ART APPRECIATION) made objects
of human-made objects and the
MODERN IMAGE OF SCIENTIFIC- human creativity (ART CREATION) THE SEVEN MAJOR ARTS IN
TECHNOCENTRIC MAN by which these objects are made WESTERN CIVILIZATION
 The scientist is detached observer of  LATIN: Ars which means “art” VISUAL:
the objectified man.  Skillful production or performance  PAINTING
 SCULPTURE
ART APPRECIATION
 ARCHITECTURE  Made of coralline limestone
PERFORMING: (gasang)
 MUSIC LECTURE 1.3 LOOB NG PAGKATAO Kalooban
 DANCE (Intellectual, Emotional and Moral)
The Humanities and the Filipino  Isip, damdamin
 DRAMA
Personhood (Pagkatao) Ex: isip (matalino)
LINGUISTIC: LATIN: humanitas which means ugali, asal (mabuti)
 LITERATURE humanities

MINOR ARTS (CRAFT) COVAR’S FILIPINO ANTHROPOLOGY LALIM NG PAGKATAO Kaluluwa

 Ceramics (Espiritual)
 KATAUHAN – PAGKATAO
 Weaving  Kaluluwa, budhi
 Sewing Biological: Ex: Anito (banal)
 Handicraft  Born as a human being
 Act of being human NON-DUALISTIC RELATION OF TERMS
 Carpentry
LABAS LOOB
 Masonry  “personality”
Malapad ang noo Matalino
 Stone Cutting
Salubong ang kilay Matapang o galit
 Gardening Cultural:
Malagkit ang tingin Umiibig
 Cooking  Becoming a human being
Maduming bibig Masamang
 Process of becoming human magsalita
DIFFERENT MINOR ART  “personhood” LALIM
Michelangelo,
Malinis ang Matuwid ang budhi
 Painting in the Ceiling of Sistine “PAGPAPAKATAO” kaluluwa
Chapel  The process by which one becomes
 1508-1512 a human being
LABAS LOOB
Pitogo (Founded 1681) FILIPINO PERSONHOOD
Hipo Dama
 Bondoc Peninsula Area, Quezon  Manunggul Jar, 890-710 BC, Tabon Pigil Timpi
Province Region IV-A Cave, Palawan
Dinig Ulinig
Conversion of St. Paul Parish Church Tawa Tuwa
THE JAR AND THE FILIPINO
Pitogo, Quezon Saya Ligaya
PERSONHOOD
 Baroque Architecture Built in 1817 LABAS NG PAGKATAO Sarap Ginhawa
Katawan (Physical)
Façade of Pitogo Church  Ulo, dibdib
 Made of adobe (gasang) CULTURAL IDENTITY
Ex: kulay ng balat (maputi, maitim)
 Bell tower built in 1984  “The worldview and values, beliefs
tindig (matangkad, andak)
systems, knowledge, skills and
ilong (matangos, pango)
Interior of Pitogo Church practices, core principles and ideas
dibdib (malapad, malaki)
shared by a society”
 Renovated in 1996
ART APPRECIATION
 “Cultural identity is a sine qua non THE COMMUNAL CHARACTER OF  Had a vision of making art more
for becoming active in the world a PHILIPPINE TRADITIONAL CULTURES accessible to the Filipinos (Indios)
source of social empowerment. AS REFLECTED IN THE ARTS  Founded the first Art School in the
Pre-colonial Period Philippines Escuela Dibujo y Pintura
 Had our own cultural identity 1. Integration of the arts with other in Tondo Manila in 1821
values and functions  His patron was Sociedad
Colonial Period 2. Unity of the arts Economica de los Amigos del
 Our identity destroyed by colonizers: 3. Art is integrated with everyday life Pais
Westernization of Filipino Culture and not regarded as a separate  Professor and Director of the
making us alienated from our own activity. Philippine Art Academy.
4. Equality of opportunity for
participation in the artistic and Tipos del Pais, Domingo
Post-Colonial Period
creative process.  Water color of Filipinos in native
 Reclamation, affirmation and 5. Flexibility of material, technical, and costumes
definition of our identify in our own formal requirements
terms 6. Use of available resources for JUAN LUNA (1857-1899)
artistic creation  Bachelor of Arts Degree, Ateneo
FORMS OF ALIENATION CAUSED BY 7. Emphasis on the creative process Municipal de Manila.
WESTERNIZATION OF FILIPINO rather than the finished product  Enrolled in Academy of Fine Arts,
CULTURE 8. Simultaneity of conception and Manila
1. Alienation from Community realization
 Went to Europe in 1877, and studied
2. Alienation from Our Sources of in Escuela de Bellas Artes de San
Cultural Energy: Thinking in LECTURE 1.4
The Filipino Concept of Art Fernando
Borrowed Forms and the Economics  Won gold medal in Exposicion
of Dependency Nacional de Bellas Artes in 1884 for
WESTERN ART
3. Alienation from Our Race: The Doña
 Academic- Only schooled people Spoliarium
Victorina Syndrome:  Elitist- Meant for the higher social  Commissioned by Spanish
4. Alienation from the Indigenous: class government to do paintings like La
Denigrating the Local  Hierarchical- Liberal art and Serville Batalla de Lepanto and El Pacto de
5. Alienation from the Land Art Sangre
6. Alienation from Being Filipino
7. Alienation from Sustainable Living FILIPINO CONCEPT OF ART NEOCLASSICAL STYLE
 Has no such Western Distinctions Juan Luna
THE DOÑA VICTORINA SYNDROME  Spoliarium, 1884, Gold Medal,
1. Doubt in the Filipino capacity for DAMIAN DOMINGO (1796-1834) Exposicion Nacional
achievement  Father of Philippine Painting  España y Filipinas, 1886
2. Perverse delight among Filipinos to  Engaged by a merchant to paint, in
constantly belittle themselves miniaturismo style, albums of people Felix R. Hidalgo, Las Virgines Cristiana
wearing their daily costumes espuestas al population,
ART APPRECIATION
 1884, Silver Medal, Exposicion Group
Nacional Bulul Igorot Art
Colorful art of Lanterns made of
PAINTING NAME CLASSIFICATION Parol Capiz Shells
Tolentino Pahiyas Lucban, Quezon
NEOCLASSICISM Taka Art Paete, Laguna
Bonifacio,
Monument, 1933 Jeepney Art
Amorsolo,  RENAISSANCE Ivatan literature and
Laji
Planting Rice ART music
 IMPRESSIONISM Pasyon Literature
Pabasa Music
Manansala, TRANSPARENT Senakulo Theater art
Marketscene CUBISM Binisaya word that
Lamaroza means good,
Ecology Series SURREALISM Dayaw valuable, superior or
1978 beautiful
Joya  ACTION
Karate PAINTING
 ABSTRACT
EXPRESSIONISM
Albor, Upward COLOR FIELD
Duality PAINTING

OTHER ART

Tinalak Tiboli Art

Art of Colorful Mats
Basey
from Samar-Leyte
Pastillas Wrapper Pampanga and
Art Bulacan
Vinta Badjao Art
Sarimanok Maranao Art
Okir Maranao Art
Torongan Maranao Art
Maranao
-
Brassware Art
Burnay Jars Ilocos
Ifugao Native
Pasiking
Backpack
Ling Ling O Art of Cordillera