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PdV Work in Thermodynamics

Work is the transfer of energy between a system and its surroundings. Work done by a system is used for external processes like rotating a shaft or overcoming friction. Work is calculated as the force applied over a distance of movement. For a gas undergoing a volume change process, work is calculated by integrating the pressure over the change in volume. The total work depends on the path taken in the pressure-volume diagram and can be positive for expansion or negative for compression.

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189 views1 page

PdV Work in Thermodynamics

Work is the transfer of energy between a system and its surroundings. Work done by a system is used for external processes like rotating a shaft or overcoming friction. Work is calculated as the force applied over a distance of movement. For a gas undergoing a volume change process, work is calculated by integrating the pressure over the change in volume. The total work depends on the path taken in the pressure-volume diagram and can be positive for expansion or negative for compression.

Uploaded by

omer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Work is the energy transfer

between system and surroundings


4-1 PdV WORK – MOVING BOUNDARY WORK during the process

A Work out is used for something outside:


rotate the shaft, overcome friction, etc.
pressure at the
force acting on
inner surface P F = PA
the moving boundary
of the boundary

 3 kN 3 
dS  kPa ⋅ m = m 2 ⋅ m = kN ⋅ m = kJ 
 
dV
 
dV = AdS δ W = F ⋅ dS = P ⋅ ( A ⋅ dS ) = PdV differential boundary work (4-1)

Boundary work done during the process Work done during a cycle

P P P
2
1
W = ∫ δW [ kJ ] 1−2 1−2
1

Wnet > 0 Wnet < 0


2 2
W = ∫ PdV (4-2)
W 1
V V V
V1 V2

total boundary work is equal to the area difference between the work done by the system
under the path (depends on path) ( 4-3 ) and the work done on the system

compression expansion
W <0 W >0
Direction of boundary work
work on system work by system

dV < 0 dV > 0

in out
P P

2 1

1
W <0 W >0 2
− +
V V
V2 V1 V1 V2

Constant pressure process P P


W = P ⋅ (V2 − V1 ) < 0 W = P ⋅ (V2 − V1 ) > 0
2 1 1 2
2
W = ∫ PdV = P ⋅ (V2 − V1 ) W <0
W
W <0
W
1
− in − out
V V
V2 V1 V1 V2
compression expansion

Boundary work assume the only work sign will be adjusted


Qnet ,in − Wboundary
in the 1st Law is the PdV work Wboundary automatically

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