Title: Report On Planing Operation

learning objectives:

 what is planing
 what is planer
 planing and planers types
 how it works
 its application

introduction: Planing is a material removal process wich is used for generating plane and flat
surface using a single point cutting tool.

The planer (also called planing machine) is a type of metalworking machine tool that uses
linear relative motion between the work piece and a single-point cutting tool to machine a
linear toolpath. It is similar to a shaper but its size is very large and is adopted for producing
flat surfaces of much larger work than a shaper. The fundamental difference between a
planer and shaper is that in a planer, the cutting tool remains stationary and the planer
table on which the work piece has been clamped moves past the cutting tool. The feed is
given to the cutting tool and not to the table which reciprocate in the guide ways provided
in the machine bed.

types of planing operation:

two types of planing operations are,

 Linear planning ...............(1)

 Helical planing

Linear planing

 The most common applications of planers are linear-toolpath ones, such as:
  Generating accurate flat surfaces. (While not as precise as grinding, a planer can
remove a tremendous amount of material in one pass with high accuracy.)
 Cutting slots (such as keyways).

Helical planing

 Although the archetypal toolpath of a planer is linear, helical toolpaths can be

accomplished via features that correlate the tool's linear advancement to
simultaneous workpiece rotation.

Types of Planers:
The various types of planers commonly used are

1. Standard or double housing planer,

2. Open side planer,

3. Pit planer,

4. Edge or plate planer, and

5. Divided table planer.

Of all the above types of planers, the standard or double housing planer is most widely used
in worksops.
figure of different types of planer :
fig: double housing planer

open side planer

pit planer
Principal Parts of a Planer:
The principal parts of a planer are:

 bed
 table
 housing
 cross rail
 tool head

1. Bed: The bed of a planer is a box like casting having cross ribs. It provides the foundation

For the machine and supports the housing and all other moving parts. The upper

Part of the bed is provided with precision Vee type guide ways on which the table

Slides.

2. Table: The planer table is a heavy rectangular precision machined casting. It reciprocates

Along the ways of the bed and supports the work. The top face of the table is provided

With T-slots and holes uniformly spaced for fixing the work and work holding devices over

The table with the help of T-bolts clamps etc. The table may be driven by rack and gear,

By rack and double helical gear or by hydraulic system.

3. Housing: The housings are rigid column-like castings placed on each side of the bed.
TheFront face of the housings is accurately machined to provide precision ways. The
housings Enclose the cross-rail elevating screws, vertical and cross-feed screws for the tool
Heads, counter balancing weights for the cross-rail etc.
4. Cross-rail: The cross-rail is mounted on the precision machined ways of the two housings.
principal parts of a plner
It may be raised or lowered on the housings to accommodate work of different heights on

The table and to allow for the adjustment of the tools.

5. Tool heads: The tool heads are mounted on the cross-rail or housings by means of a
saddle which slides along the rail or housing ways. The saddle may be made to move
transversely on the cross-rail to give cross feed. Two tool heads are provided on the cross-
rail so that the two tools may remove the material from the work simultaneously. In
addition to these two-tool heads, there are other two-tool heads which are mounted on
each housing.

WORKING PRINCIPAL OF PLANER

In a planer, the work which is supported on the table reciprocates past the stationary
cutting tool and the feed is imparted by the lateral movement of the tool. The tool is
clamped in the tool holder and work on the table. Like shaper, the planner is equipped with
clapper box to raise the tool in idle stroke. The different mechanisms used to give
reciprocating motion to the table are following

1. Reversible motor drive

2. Open and cross belt drive

3. Hydraulic drive

A-Table

B-Tool feet

A-tool

B-work surface

C-primary motion

D-intermittent
feed motion

E-plain surface

F-work piece

Fig 6: Working principle of a planer

Planer Feed Mechanism:
in planer feed is provided to the cutting tool intermittently and at the end of the return
stroke. Cross feed or horizontal feed is given by moving the tool head along the cross rail
and it is used for machining horizontal surfaces.

Down feed or vertical feed is given by moving the vertical slide of the tool head with the
help of down feed screw of the tool head. For machining work pieces of different heights,
sometimes longer vertical movement of the tool is required.

This is achieved by moving the cross rail up or down along the column ways. Down feed is
given when machining a vertical or angular surface.

fig: feed and cutting direction of planer

Planer Tools: .......(2)

The planer tools are made of high speed steel, although tipped carbide tools are also used
occasionally. These tools are, in general, similar to shaper tools, but are more robust and
stronger. Specially shaped tools are used on planers for operations like T-slot cutting and
dove tail slide cutting.

Planers are expensive machine tools. In most cases, they represent high overhead rates and,
accordingly, must be operated at the highest possible efficiency and over as continuous a
time period as possible. A fundamental requirement for economical planer operation is that
all cuts should be as heavy as possible. Planer tools are though similar to shaper tools, but
they are much larger and heavier.
fig: different tyepe of planer tools
Application of planing operation:
 Used for machining larger flat surface than shaping
 Machining flat surface as well as varies cross section with grooves
 Used for machining angle or dovetail
 Non-economical, produce at low production rate

Abstract:
 It is a heavy duty machine tool.
 only flat surface can be generated
 Suitable for small quantity production
 It requires more floor area.
 It is adopted for large works.
 Tool is fixed and work moves.
 It can take deep cuts.
 Work setting requires much of skill and takes longer time
 Tools used are of larger size.

referances:

o Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing – p.Groover

o manufacturing processes- singh
o Modern Manufacturing Processes -James A. Brown
o

(1). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planer_%28metalworking%29

(2) http://mechamachinery.blogspot.com/p/planer.html

(3)http://www.google.com.bd/url?
sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=15&ca=rja&ved=0CEAQFjAEOAo&url=http%3A%2F
%2Fwwwme.nchu.edu,d.html