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Production Processes 4

The document discusses computerized numerical control (CNC) machines. It describes the history and development of CNC machines, comparing them to conventional machines. The key components and functions of a CNC machine are outlined, including the feed drive, measuring system, work spindle, cooling system, tool turret, and automatic tool changer. Coordinate systems for CNC lathes and milling machines are explained. Terminology related to CNC such as basic length unit and controller are defined. The document also discusses CNC machine types, motion control and feedback, and the two types of dimensioning used in NC programming.

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Bassel Daradkeh
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© © All Rights Reserved
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22 views

Production Processes 4

The document discusses computerized numerical control (CNC) machines. It describes the history and development of CNC machines, comparing them to conventional machines. The key components and functions of a CNC machine are outlined, including the feed drive, measuring system, work spindle, cooling system, tool turret, and automatic tool changer. Coordinate systems for CNC lathes and milling machines are explained. Terminology related to CNC such as basic length unit and controller are defined. The document also discusses CNC machine types, motion control and feedback, and the two types of dimensioning used in NC programming.

Uploaded by

Bassel Daradkeh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Production Processes

Dr. Hani AL-Rawashdeh

CNC MACHINES
Outline

1. Introduction to CNC Machine


2. Component and Function of CNC
3. Coordinate System
Introduction to CNC Machine

CNC = Computerized Numerical Control


History and Development of Technology

Conventional Machine

NC Machine

CNC Machine
Conventional vs. CNC Machine
Conventional Machine
 Eyes, Hands, Brain, Skill

CNC Machine
Program Control Unit Motor Motion

Measuring & Reflection Unit

No skill is required for operating CNC machine.


Conventional Machine CNC Machine
Difference between Conventional & CNC Machines

Conventional CNC
Item
Machine Machine

1. Movement Acme Screw Ball Screw

2. Feed Manual Motor

3.Measurement Manual Linear Scale


Advantages of CNC
Flexible, High Accuracy.
Short Production Time.
Complex Shapes.
Short Setting Time.
No Skill Requirement.
Short Inspection Time/ High Quality Product.
Low Cost
Disadvantages of CNC
High Machine Cost.
Complicated Maintenance.
Skill & Training are Required for Programming and
Maintenance.
Parts are Imported from Aboard.
High Tooling Cost.
Temperature, Humidity & Dust must be Controlled.
Why CNC?

HUMAN  LIMITATION
Component and Function of CNC

Feed Drive
Measuring System  Direct / Indirect
Work Spindle  Hydraulic
Cooling System  Reduce Heat
Tool Turret
Feed Drive
Measuring System
Tool Change Facilities
CNC Tooling
[A] Area for Tool
Tool Taper Changer to Grip

[B] Tool
Retention Knob

Tool Holder
Automatic Tool Change
Coordinate System
CNC Axes
Axes on a CNC Lathe
Axes on a CNC Milling Machine
Zero and Reference Points on CNC
Zero Point of Machine on a CNC Lathe
CNC Terminology
BLU: Basic Length Unit 
Smallest programmable move of each axis.

Controller: (Machine Control Unit, MCU) 


Electronic and computerized interface between operator and m/c

Controller Components:
1. Data Processing Unit (DPU)
2. Control-Loops Unit (CLU)
Types of CNC Machines
Based on Motion Type:
Point-to-Point or Continuous Path

Based on Control Loops:


Open Loop or Closed Loop

Based on Power Supply:


Electric or Hydraulic or Pneumatic

Based on Positioning System


Incremental or Absolute
Motion Control and Feedback
Encoder outputs: electrical pulses (e.g. 500 pulses (steps) per revolution)

Rotation of the motor  linear motion of the table: by the lead screw

The pitch of the lead screw: horizontal distance between successive threads

One thread in a screw  single start screw: Dist. moved in 1 rev = pitch

Two threads in screw  double start screw: Dist. moved in 1 rev = 2* pitch
Two Types of Dimensioning in NC Programming

Absolute Dimensioning (G90)

Incremental Dimensioning (G91)

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