Public Domain Computer Programs

for the Aeronautical Engineer

For many years the Air Force, Navy, NASA and educational institutions have sponsored the
development of computer software for the use of aeronautical engineers and aviation technicians.
Public Domain Aeronautical Software's purpose is to make this treasure house available to the
aeronautical community at an affordable price for current desktop computers. Most PDAS
programs are ready to execute (Windows, Linux, Macintosh) and come with complete source
code, descriptions, and sample cases (both input and output). For many programs, there is
graphical output formatted for gnuplot or PostScript. You may use the source code in whole or in
part in any of your aeronautical studies. If the original references are available in portable
document format (pdf), they are included on the disc. All of this is available on the CD-ROM
Public Domain Computer Programs for the Aeronautical Engineer.

CONTENTS OF CURRENT VERSION (Last updated 3 September 2009)

The bold name following the slash at the end of each description is the name of the folder on the
disc holding the files for this program.

1. D2500 - Wave Drag by Area Rule. This is the famous Harris Wave Drag Program from
NASA Langley. D2500 calculates the supersonic zero-lift wave drag of complex aircraft
configurations by use of the supersonic area rule. This an extension of the transonic area
rule that states that the zero-lift drag of an airplane configuration is the same as that of a
body of revolution having the same cross-sectional area distribution. Instead of using a
single equivalent body, D2500 calculates a series of bodies, one for each roll angle. The
total aircraft configuration wave drag is the integrated average of the equivalent body
wave drags through the full roll range of 360 degrees. There are program options that
permit the calculation of best fuselage shaping for drag reduction. Copies of the original
papers on area rule are included on the CD-ROM. /WAVEDRAG
2. WingBody - Subsonic/Supersonic Panel Code. This is the Woodward panel code
popularly known as the NASA-Ames WingBody Program. This program estimates the
aerodynamics of a simple wing-body-tail combination in subsonic or supersonic flow, as
well as calculating wing shape for minimum drag in supersonic cruise. The body is
represented by line sources and doublets and the lifting surfaces are represented by
source panels and constant pressure panels. /WINGBODY
3. PanAir - This program computes subsonic and supersonic flow about general aircraft
configurations using a higher order panel method. In contrast to the low order codes
such as WingBody, the source and doublet strengths are variable over the individual
panels. This leads to a solution with continuous doublet strength over the surface of the
vehicle, thereby eliminating the flow singularities associated with jumps in doublet
strength.This is necessitated by the more stringent requirements of supersonic problem.
The potential for numerical error is greatly reduced in the PanAir program by requiring
the singularity strength to be continuous. It is also this higher order attribute which
 allows PanAir to be used to analyze flow about arbitrary configurations. To perform an
analysis, the aircraft surface is partitioned into several networks of surface grid points.
The user also supplies information concerning the freestream onset flow, the angle of
attack, and the angle of sideslip. Numerous flow quantities are computed at points on
the vehicle surface and at points in space. These include pressure coefficients, total and
perturbation values of velocity and mass flux components, total and perturbation
potential, local Mach number, and vacuum pressure coefficient. The pressure
coefficients on individual panels are fitted with two-dimensional quadratic splines and
integrated to obtain the six components of force and the moment coefficients. These
coefficients may be output for each panel, for columns of panels, for each network, or
for any combination of networks. The user has extensive control over the type and
quantity of data that is output during a PanAir Analysis. (By Boeing, under contract to
NASA Ames and Langley, USAF and USN). The Panair users manual and many
references are on the disc. /PANAIR
4. Coordinates of NACA Airfoils - computes the ordinates of 4-digit, 4-digit-modified,
5-digit, 6-series, and 16-series airfoils. This is a complete revision of the original NASA
Langley programs based on AIAA-2001-5235. The results are shown in various
densities, from coarse to very fine. Numerous sample cases are included to help a user to
become familiar with the input data. In fact, input files for all of the airfoils shown in the
appendices to Abbott and von Doenhoff, Theory of Airfoil Sections are provided.
Coding is provided to show how all of the appendices to Abbott and von Doenhoff have
been recomputed to correct numerous typographic errors in the published book. These
corrected appendices are posted on the PDAS web site. All of the relevant NACA,
NASA, and AIAA reports are on the disc. A copy of the NASA program released in
1996 is also included for reference. /NACA456
5. Digital Datcom - The USAF Data Compendium is a large document describing methods
for computing aircraft stability and control characteristics. Many methods are included
so as to compute the characteristics of a wide variety of airplane and missile
configurations. The Digital Datcom program was developed to automate the process of
extracting variables from the hundreds of empirical charts in the printed document. The
Digital Datcom users manual, AFFDL-TR-79-3032, vol.I and the complete USAF
Datcom report are on the disc. /DATCOM
6. Characteristics of the Standard Atmosphere. - Atmosphere is a program that computes
pressure, density, temperature, speed of sound, and viscosity from sea level to 1000 km,
using the equations of the 1976 Standard Atmosphere. A copy of the official document
from the Government Printing Office is included on the CD-ROM. Separate versions
are available in Basic, C, Fortran77, Pascal (Delphi), Python, C++, and Fortran. Sample
programs in each language allow printing an atmosphere table. The routines from 86 to
1000 km are a contribution of Steve Pietrobon. In addition to the standard atmosphere,
routines are provided for both hot and cold days as well as the MIL-standard arctic and
tropical days. /ATMOS
7. GetMAC - solves for the mean aerodynamic chord of a wing made up of several
segments. This is a straightforward coding of the standard equations combined with a
user interface that should prove easy to use. The output defines the length of the mean
 aerodynamic chord as well as its x- and y-positions and the location of the quarter-chord
point. /GETMAC
8. VuCalc - Interactive Compressible Flow Solver. This program was originally written by
Tom Benson of the NASA Lewis Research Center for a SGI workstation. It is now
converted for use with Microsoft Windows. VuCalc permits one to compute
compressible flow quantities. In addition to direct solutions, VuCalc also performs
inverse calculations. VuCalc calculates isentropic flow, normal shock, oblique shock and
flight in the standard atmosphere. VuCalc has now been updated to compute Rayleigh
and Fanno flows. A copy of NACA Report 1135 is included on the CD-ROM.
/VUCALC
9. PanAir Input Preprocessor - Panin allows the user to write a script file in free format
that reads a geometry file in LaWGS format and produces a properly formatted input file
for PanAir. The column formatted file that is the native input for PanAir is quite
efficient, but error prone. The PanAir Input Preprocessor will help you get a correct
input file for PanAir. /PANIN
10. Wing and Fuselage Geometry Generator - The program MakeWgs creates wireframe
models of wings or bodies that are then used with the PanAir preprocessor to create
input files for PanAir, or for HiddenLine or ThreeView. The wings can have NACA
4-digit airfoils as well as several supersonic airfoils. Bodies that have been programmed
include parabolic, Sears-Haack, von Karman Ogive, ellipsoid, etc. A copy of NASA
Memorandum 85767, which is the formal description of LaWGS, is on the disc.
/MAKEWGS
11. Potential Flow About Airfoils with Boundary-Layer Coupled One-Way. This program,
PABLO, solves for potential flow about airfoils and computes the boundary layer,
thereby giving the solution for flow over the combined airfoil and boundary layer.
PABLO has a very nice graphical interface displaying geometry, pressures, and
boundary-layer characteristics. This program is from KTH in Sweden, compliments of
Christian Wauquiez and Art Rizzi. Pablo is written with Matlab and requires that a
version of Matlab (student edition OK) be installed on the user's machine. /PABLO
12. Quiz Program - This program drills the student for simple facts. There are currently
quizzes for the aviation phonetic alphabet, Morse code, dimensionless numbers of fluid
mechanics and 3-letter airport codes. /QUIZ
13. Flow Field in Supersonic Inlet - based on 2D or axisymmetric method of characteristics.
This is a NASA Ames program by Virginia Sorensen. /INLET
14. Arrow Wing Wave Drag and Lift. This module encodes the closed form solution for the
wave drag of an arrow or delta wing with sharp edges. It is based on a paper by Arthur
Rogers that generalized the classic result of Puckett and Stewart. The tedious equations
are coded in a module that should prove easy to use in various aerodynamic programs.
/ROGERS
15. Gas Properties - Thermodynamic and transport properties of gases. GASP has been
written to calculate the thermodynamic and transport properties of argon, carbon
dioxide, carbon monoxide, fluorine, methane, neon, nitrogen, and oxygen. GASP
accepts any two of pressure, temperature, or density as input. In addition, entropy and
enthalpy are possible inputs. Outputs are temperature, density, pressure, entropy,
enthalpy, specific heats, expansion coefficient, sonic velocity, viscosity, thermal
 conductivity, and surface tension. A special technique is provided to estimate the
thermal conductivity near the thermodynamic critical point. GASP is a group of Fortran
subroutines. The user typically would write a main program that invoked GASP to
provide only the described outputs. Subroutines are structured so that the user may call
only those subroutines needed for his particular calculations. Allowable pressures range
from 0.l atmosphere to 100 to l,000 atmospheres, depending on the fluid. Similarly,
allowable pressures range from the triple point of each substance to 300 degrees K to
2000 degrees K, depending on the substance. The GASP package was developed to be
used with heat transfer and fluid flow applications. It is particularly useful in
applications of cryogenic fluids. Some problems associated with the liquefication,
storage, and gasification of liquefied natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas can also be
studied using GASP. A copy of the original document, NASA TN D-7808 from NASA
Lewis is included on the CD-ROM. /GASP
16. FLUID - Thermodynamic and transport properties of fluids. The accurate computation
of the thermodynamic and transport properties of fluids is a necessity for many
engineering calculations. The FLUID program was developed to calculate the
thermodynamic and transport properties of pure fluids in both the liquid and gas phases.
Fluid properties are calculated using a simple gas model, empirical corrections, and an
efficient numerical interpolation scheme. FLUID produces results that are in very good
agreement with measured values, while being much faster than older more complex
programs developed for the same purpose. A Van der Waals equation of state model is
used to obtain approximate state values. These values are corrected for real gas effects
by model correction factors obtained from tables based on experimental data. These
tables also accurately compensate for the special circumstances which arise whenever
phase conditions occur. Viscosity and thermal conductivity values are computed directly
from tables. Interpolation within tables is based on Lagrange's three point formula. A set
of tables must be generated for each fluid implemented. FLUID currently contains tables
for nine fluids including dry air and steam. The user can add tables for any fluid for
which adequate thermal property data is available. The FLUID routine is structured so
that it may easily be incorporated into engineering programs. Also from NASA Lewis. A
copy of the original document, NASA TM X-3572 is included on the CD-ROM. FLUID
is a companion program to the gas properties program GASP. /FLUID
17. Three-Dimensional Surface Viewer. - Viewer is a package of Fortran subprograms to
draw three-dimensional surfaces of the form z = f (x, y) over a rectangular domain. It
uses a given recipe to generate views of the surface after arbitrary rotations about the
three spatial axes.The function f and the bounding values for x and y are the inputs. The
surface thus defined may be drawn after arbitrary rotations. Output is to gnuplot. The
viewing algorithm is completely described and sample programs are included. Viewer
was written by Bruce Canwright and Paul Swigert of NASA Lewis. A copy of the
original document, NASA TM X-1598, is included on the CD-ROM. /VIEWER
18. Induced Drag from Span Load Distribution - Advanced aerodynamics textbooks show
you how to compute induced drag by Fourier analysis of the span load function. They
don't tell you what to do if you only know a few discrete points on the loading function.
This procedure allows you to compute the induced drag from the spanwise load
 distribution when only a few load values are known. Based on a note by Jerry Lundry.
/INDUCED
19. Wing Shape for Minimum Induced Drag by Vortex Lattice - computes the optimum
shape of a wing-tail or wing-canard using vortex lattice analysis, by John Lamar and
Jeanne Peters of NASA Langley. This program is documented in NASA TN D-8090 and
a copy of this document is on the disc. /VLMD
20. FairData - compute a smoothing spline for plotting wind tunnel data. This program is by
Robert Smith and Lona Howser of NASA Langley. The program is documented in
NASA TN D-7397 and a copy of this report is on the disc. /FAIRDATA
21. Hidden-Line Program - Draws perspective views with hidden line removal of an
arbitrary configuration defined by wireframe meshes of gridpoints. This is the
Silhouette program by David Hedgley of NASA Dryden. The configuration description
is in the format known as the Langley Wire Frame Geometry Standard (LaWGS).
Output is for gnuplot or PostScript. Includes copies of the original documents, NASA
RP-1085, NASA TP 2695, and NASA TM 81369 . /HLP
22. ThreeView - produce plan, side, and rear views from the same input file as HiddenLine.
/3VIEW
23. Conversion Programs - a set of three programs for converting input files for WingBody,
WaveDrag, or PanAir into LaWGS format. The resulting file can be used as input for
HiddenLine or for ThreeView. Includes a copy of NASA Memorandum 85767,
describing the NASA wireframe geometry standard. A fourth program that converts
input files from the S/HABP program into LaWGS is also included on the disc, but must
be regarded as a work in progress. /2WGS
24. Turbulent Skin Friction - a simple subroutine and test program for encoding the
reference temperature method of computing turbulent skin friction. A copy of NACA
TN 3391 by Simon Sommer and Barbara Short is on the disc. /TURBSF
25. Design and Analysis of Low Speed Airfoils - This is the original version of the airfoil
program by Richard Eppler of the University of Stuttgart and Dan Somer of NASA
Langley. This is a classic program for the design of 2-D airfoils including the effects of
the boundary layer. A copy of NASA TM 80210 by Eppler and Sommers is on the disc.
/EPPLER
26. Solution of Quartic and Cubic Polynomials with Real Coefficients. Algorithms have
been developed and coded to avoid overflow and roundoff errors in computing roots of
polynomials with real coefficients, up to quartic order. These subroutines were carefully
written by Alfred Morris and William Davis of the Naval Surface Weapons Center.
/QUARTIC
27. Virtual Reality Model of Airplane Configuration - This program converts a wireframe
model in LaWGS format into a VRML model. Use a VRML viewer to explore the three
dimensional scene. There is a long dormant project to allow web browsers such as
Internet Explorer or Firefox to display three-dimensional objects and visualize the object
from various angles. I am trying to stay on top of this effort in order to be able visualize
wireframes and surfaces if this ever comes to pass. /VRML
28. Contour Plotter - plot contours of a function defined at an arbitrary set of points in 2-D.
The graphical presentation of experimentally or theoretically generated data sets
frequently involves the construction of contour plots. A general computer algorithm has
 been developed for the construction of contour plots. The algorithm provides for
efficient and accurate contouring with a modular approach which allows flexibility in
modifying the algorithm for special applications. The algorithm accepts as input data
values at a set of points irregularly distributed over a plane. The algorithm is based on an
interpolation scheme in which the points in the plane are connected by straight line
segments to form a set of triangles. In general, the data is smoothed using a least-
squares-error fit of the data to a bivariate polynomial. To construct the contours,
interpolation along the edges of the triangles is performed, using the bivariable
polynomial if data smoothing was performed. Once the contour points have been
located, the contour may be drawn. ( NASA Ames Research Center ) /CONPLOT
29. Optimum Flight Trajectory - find the best climb, cruise and descent path using energy
methods. (From NASA Ames). /OPTTRAJ
30. Orbiting solar array simulation model. - Solar arrays are becoming an increasingly
important means of generating power for earth orbiting spacecraft. Currently, almost all
unmanned earth satellites utilize solar array electrical power generation
systems.Applications for solar arrays in the near future include providing power for
space shuttle payloads and manned space stations. This computer program was
developed to simulate the capabilities of earth orbiting arrays. The model used is based
on an improved version of a finite-element radiation shape factor subprogram. The
inherent simplicity and speed of the original subprogram has been augmented with an
improved shadow evaluation technique to provide the user with an efficient array model.
The program allows the characteristics of orbiting arrays to be evaluated with a
minimum of user effort and computer cost. Input to the program consists of a brief
description of the array and the orbital parameters. The orbital parameters are used to
determine the direct solar radiation incident on the cells, incident solar radiation
reflected to cells from the earth, and the shadowing of any cells. Once the amount of
thermal radiation gained and lost by the array is known, the amount of power which can
be generated and the temperature of the array is determined. /SOLARARR
31. Tidy. After a computer program has been under development for some time, the
statement numbers and indentation patterns tend to get out of order and lack consistency.
The Tidy program renumbers Fortran programs and indent loops consistently. Tidy can
convert variables to upper or lower case. It can also convert Hollerith strings to quote-
delimited. (From USAF Weapons Center (Kirtland)) /TIDY
32. LineInt and LinIntrp - solve for intersections of straight lines and compute interpolated
points on a straight line. These programs are useful in making configuration layouts.
/LINEINT and /LININTRP
33. Hypersonic Arbitrary Body - an all-new rewrite of the essential inviscid features of the
famous program from Douglas for USAF. New version (Fortran 95) uses LaWGS
geometry input. Includes a major contribution from Igor Polykov of an interactive
version of the original Mark 4 program. A full copy of the Mark 4 program is on the
disc. /HYPER
34. Computer Methods for Mathematical Computation - A translation into Fortran 95 of the
procedures from the classic textbook Computer Methods for Mathematical Computation
by Forsythe, Malcolm and Moler. /FMM
35. Analysis of aircraft motions. This program was developed by Ames Research Center, in
cooperation with the National Transportation Safety Board, as a technique for deriving
time histories of an aircraft's motion from Air Traffic Control (ATC) radar records. This
technique uses the radar range and azimuth data, along with the downlinked altitude
data, to derive an expanded set of data which includes airspeed, lift, attitude angles
(pitch, roll, and heading), etc. This technique should prove useful as a source of data in
the investigation of commercial airline accidents and in the analysis of accidents
involving aircraft which do not have onboard data recorders (e.g., military, short-haul,
and general aviation). The technique used to determine the aircraft motions involves
smoothing of raw radar data. These smoothed results, in combination with other
available information (wind profiles and aircraft performance data), are used to derive
the expanded set of data. This program uses a cubic least-square fit to smooth the raw
data. This moving-arc procedure provides a smoothed time history of the aircraft
position, the inertial velocities, and accelerations. Using known winds, these inertial data
are transformed to aircraft stability axes to provide true airspeed, thrust minus drag, lift,
and roll angle. Further derivation, based on aircraft dependent performance data, can
determine the aircraft angle of attack, pitch, and heading angle. Results of experimental
tests indicate that values derived from ATC radar records using this technique agree
favorably with airborne measurements. /ATC
36. Supersonic Airplane Design. The famous Carlson-Middleton program for analysis and
design of supersonic wings. /TEA201
37. Modified strip analysis method for predicting wing flutter at subsonic to hypersonic
speeds. - A modified strip analysis has been developed for rapidly predicting flutter of
finite-span, swept or unswept wings at subsonic to hypersonic speeds. The method
employs distributions of aerodynamic parameters which may be evaluated from any
suitable linear or nonlinear steady-flow theory or from measured steady-flow load
distributions for the undeformed wing. The method has been shown to give good flutter
results for a broad range of wings at Mach number from 0 to as high as 15.3. The
principles of the modified strip analysis may be summarized as follows:
Variable section lift-curve slope and aerodynamic center are substituted respectively, for
the two-dimensional incompressible-flow values of 2 pi and quarter chord which were
employed by Barmby, Cunningham, and Garrick. Spanwise distributions of these
steady-flow section aerodynamic parameters, which are pertinent to the desired planform
and Mach number, are used. Appropriate values of Mach number-dependent circulation
functionsare obtained from two-dimensional unsteady compressible-flow theory. Use of
the modified strip analysis avoids the necessity of reevaluating a number of loading
parameters for each value of reduced frequency, since only the modified circulation
functions, and of course the reduced frequency itself, vary with frequency. It is therefore
practical to include in the digital computing program a very brief logical subroutine,
which automatically selects reduced-frequency values that converge on a flutter solution.
The problem of guessing suitable reduced-frequency values is thus eliminated, so that a
large number of flutter points can be completely determined in a single brief run on the
computing machine. If necessary, it is also practical to perform the calculations
manually. Flutter characteristics have been calculated by the modified strip analysis and
compared with results of other calculations and with experiments for Mach numbers up
 to 15.3 and for wings with sweep angles from 0 degrees to 52.5 degrees, aspect ratios
from 2.0 to 7.4, taper ratios from 0.2 to 1.0, and center-of-gravity positions between 34%
chord and 59% chord. These ranges probably cover the great majority of wings that are
of practical interest with the exception of very low-aspect-ratio surfaces such as delta
wings and missile fins.( NASA Langley Research Center ) /FLUTTER
38. GRAPE- Two-dimensional grids about airfoils and other shapes by the use of Poisson's
equation. - The ability to treat arbitrary boundary shapes is one of the most desirable
characteristics of a method for generating grids, including those about airfoils. In a grid
used for computing aerodynamic flow over an airfoil, or any other body shape, the
surface of the body is usually treated as an inner boundary and often cannot be easily
represented as an analytic function. The GRAPE computer program was developed to
incorporate a method for generating two-dimensional finite-difference grids about
airfoils and other shapes by the use of the Poisson differential equation. GRAPE can be
used with any boundary shape, even one specified by tabulated points and including a
limited number of sharp corners. The GRAPE program has been developed to be
numerically stable and computationally fast. GRAPE can provide the aerodynamic
analyst with an efficient and consistent means of grid generation. The GRAPE procedure
generates a grid between an inner and an outer boundary by utilizing an iterative
procedure to solve the Poisson differential equationsubject to geometrical restraints. In
this method, the inhomogeneous terms of the equation are automatically chosen such
that two important effects are imposed on the grid. The first effect is control of the
spacing between mesh points along mesh lines intersecting the boundaries. The second
effect is control of the angles with which mesh lines intersect the boundaries. Along with
the iterative solution to Poisson's equation, a technique of coarse-fine sequencing is
employed to accelerate numerical convergence. GRAPE program control cards and input
data are entered via the NAMELIST feature. Each variable has a default value such that
user supplied data is kept to a minimum. Basic input data consists of the boundary
specification, mesh point spacings on the boundaries, and mesh line angles at the
boundaries. Output consists of a dataset containing the grid data and, if requested, a plot
of the generated mesh. This program is by Reese Sorensen of NASA Ames Research
Center. /GRAPE
39. Mass properties of a rigid structure. The computer program MASSPROP was developed
to calculate the mass properties of complex rigid structural systems. This program's
basic premise is that complex systems can be adequately described by a combination of
basic elementary structural shapes. Thirteen widely used basic structural shapes are
available in this program. They are as follows: Discrete Mass, Cylinder, Truncated
Cone, Torus, Beam (arbitrary cross section), Circular Rod (arbitrary cross section),
Spherical Segment, Sphere, Hemisphere, Parallelepiped, Swept Trapezoidal Panel,
Symmetric Trapezoidal Panels, and a Curved Rectangular Panel. MASSPROP provides
a designer with a simple technique that requires minimal input to calculate the mass
properties of a complex rigid structure and should be useful in any situation where one
needs to calculate the center of gravity and moments of inertia of a complex structure.
Rigid body analysis is used to calculate mass properties. Mass properties are calculated
about component axes that have been rotated to be parallel to the system coordinate
axes. Then the system center of gravity is calculated and the mass properties are
 transferred to axes through the system center of gravity by using the parallel axis
theorem. System weight, moments of inertia about the system origin, and the products of
inertia about the system center of mass are calculated and printed. From the information
about the system center of mass the principal axes of the system and the moments of
inertia about them are calculated and printed. The only input required is simple
geometric data describing the size and location of each element and the respective
material density or weight of each element. This program was written by Reid Hull, John
Gilbert, and Phillip Klitch of NASA Langley. A copy of NASA TM 78681 by Hull,
Gilbert, and Klitch is on the disc.
40. Steady and oscillatory kernel function method for interfering surfaces in subsonic,
transonic and supersonic flow. - Interest has grown considerably in aircraft designed to
operate efficiently in the high subsonic regime. This interest has increased the need for
better unsteady transonic aerodynamic analysis techniques so that flutter and dynamic
response characteristics can be accurately predicted in this flow regime. The
characteristic of transonic flow which causes the greatest difficulty when attempting to
apply uniform flow theory to such problems is the presence of shocks imbedded in the
flow. Linear theory cannot account for this phenomenon and finite difference approaches
often require extremely costly amounts of computer time. This computer program was
developed to provide an analysis method based on a kernel function technique which
uses assumed pressure functions with unknown coefficients. With this technique,
generalized forces can be calculated in unsteady flow and pressure distributions can be
obtained in both steady and unsteady flow. Once the aerodynamic matrices are
computed and inverted, they may be saved and used on subsequent problems at very
little cost as long as Mach number, reduced frequencies, and aerodynamic geometry
remain unchanged. This method should be very useful for design applications where the
structural mode shapes change continually due to structural changes and payload
variations but the aerodynamic parameters remain constant. In this program, a wing over
which the flow has mixed subsonic and supersonic components with imbedded shocks is
treated as an array of general aerodynamic lifting surface elements. Each element is
allowed to have mutual interference with the other elements. Each element is assigned
the appropriate Mach number and its downwash modified accordingly. The Mach
number distribution and shock geometry may be obtained either experimentally or by a
finite difference technique. The solution proceeds in a manner identical to ordinary
aerodynamic interference methods based on a collocation technique. The unknown
pressure function is assumed to be composed of a series of polynomials weighted by a
user selected weighting function that is characteristic of each lifting surface. The non-
planar kernel function is computed using a Mach number and a reduced frequency
determined from values at a downwash control point. To link subsonic and supersonic
linear theory solutions, it is assumed that the appropriate Mach number for computing
downwash at a point is the Mach number at that point and that the reduced frequency is
modified according to the local velocity such that the physical frequency is held
constant. Thus, the computation procedure becomes a problem of testing the Mach
number of the downwash point. If the downwash point is supersonic, the self-induced
downwash and all interference effects at that point are computed with the supersonic
kernel function. Likewise, if the downwash point is subsonic, the subsonic kernel
 function is used. The presence of a normal shock is simulated by a line doublet which
represents the load induced by shock movement. The appropriate steady or unsteady
normal shock boundary conditions are satisfied across the shock along the surface of the
wing. The computed aerodynamic matrices may be saved on magnetic tape for use in
subsequent analyses. (By Atlee Cunningham of General Dynamics under contract to
NASA Langley). /KERNEL
41. MISLIFT- Aerodynamic lift on wing-body combinations at small angles of attack in
supersonic flow. Two separate and distinct theories are incorporated in this computer
program to estimate the lift-induced pressures existent on a wing-body combination.
These are (1) the second-order shock-expansion theory, which is used to obtain the
lifting pressures on the body alone at small angles of attack, and (2) the linear-theory
integral equations, which is used to evaluate the lifting pressures induced by the wing.
These equations relate the local surface slope at a point on the lifting surface to the
pressure differential at the point and the influence of the pressures upstream of the point.
The numerical solution of these equations is effected by treating the wing-planform as a
composite of elemental rectangles and applying summation techniques to satisfy the
necessary integral relations. Most of the input required by this program is involved with
the description of the missile planform geometry. The output consists of the computed
value of the lifting pressure slope (the differential pressure coefficient per degree angle
of attack) for each of the elements in the planform array. A force and moment summary
is presented for the configuration under consideration. ( NASA Langley Research Center
) /MISLIFT
42. ORACLS- Optimal regulator algorithms for the control of linear systems. - This control
theory design package, called Optimal Regulator Algorithms for the Control of Linear
Systems (ORACLS), was developed to aid in the design of controllers and optimal filters
for systems which can be modeled by linear, time-invariant differential and difference
equations. Optimal linear quadratic regulator theory, currently referred to as the Linear-
Quadratic-Gaussian (LQG) problem, has become the most widely accepted method of
determining optimal control policy. Within this theory, the infinite duration time-
invariant problems, which lead to constant gain feedback control laws and constant
Kalman-Bucy filter gains for reconstruction of the system state, exhibit high tractability
and potential ease of implementation. A variety of new and efficient methods in the field
of numerical linear algebra have been combined into the ORACLS program, which
provides for the solution to time-invariant continuous or discrete LQG problems. The
ORACLS package is particularly attractive to the control system designer because it
provides a rigorous tool for dealing with multi-input and multi-output dynamic systems
in both continuous and discrete form. The ORACLS programming system is a collection
of subroutines which can be used to formulate, manipulate, and solve various LQG
design problems. The ORACLS program is constructed in a manner which permits the
user to maintain considerable flexibility at each operational state. This flexibility is
accomplished by providing primary operations, analysis of linear time-invariant systems,
and control synthesis based on LQG methodology. The input-output routines handle the
reading and writing of numerical matrices, printing heading information, and
accumulating output information. The basic vector-matrix operations include addition,
subtraction, multiplication, equation, norm construction, tracing, transposition, scaling,
 juxtaposition, and construction of null and identity matrices. The analysis routines
provide for the following computations: the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of real
matrices; the relative stability of a given matrix; matrix factorization; the solution of
linear constant coefficient vector-matrix algebraic equations; the controllability
properties of a linear time-invariant system; the steady-state covariance matrix of an
open-loop stable system forced by white noise; and the transient response of continuous
linear time-invariant systems. The control law design routines of ORACLS implement
some of the more common techniques of time-invariant LQG methodology. For the
finite-duration optimal linear regulator problem with noise-free measurements,
continuous dynamics, and integral performance index, a routine is provided which
implements the negative exponential method for finding both the transient and steady-
state solutions to the matrix Riccati equation. For the discrete version of this problem,
the method of backwards differencing is applied to find the solutions to the discrete
Riccati equation. A routineis also included to solve the steady-state Riccati equation by
the Newton algorithms described by Klein, for continuous problems, and by Hewer, for
discrete problems. Another routine calculates the prefilter gain to eliminate control state
cross-product terms in the quadratic performance index and the weighting matrices for
the sampled data optimal linear regulator problem. For cases with measurement noise,
duality theory and optimal regulator algorithms are used to calculate solutions to the
continuous and discrete Kalman-Bucy filter problems. Finally, routines are included to
implement the continuous and discrete forms of the explicit (model-in-the-system) and
implicit (model-in-the-performance-index) model following theory. These routines
generate linear control laws which cause the output of a dynamic time-invariant system
to track the output of a prescribed model. In order to apply ORACLS, the user must
write an executive (driver) program which inputs the problem coefficients, formulates
and selects the routines to be used to solve the problem, and specifies the desired output.
This software was written by Ernest Armstrong of NASA Langley. A copy of NASA TP
1106 is included on the disc. /ORACLS
43. VASP- Variable dimension automatic synthesis program. - VASP is a variable
dimension Fortran version of the Automatic Synthesis Program, ASP. The program is
used to implement Kalman filtering and control theory. Basically, it consists of 31
subprograms for solving most modern control problems in linear, time-variant (or time-
invariant) control systems. These subprograms include operations of matrix algebra,
computation of the exponential of a matrix and its convolution integral, and the solution
of the matrix Riccati equation. The user calls these subprograms by means of a Fortran
main program, and so can easily obtain solutions to most general problems of
extremization of a quadratic functional of the state of the linear dynamical system.
Particularly, these problems include the synthesis of the Kalman filter gains and the
optimal feedback gains for minimization of a quadratic performance index. VASP, as an
outgrowth of the Automatic Synthesis Program, has the following improvements: more
versatile programming language; more convenient input/output format; some new
subprograms which consolidate certain groups of statements that are often repeated; and
variable dimensioning. The pertinent difference between the two programs is that VASP
has variable dimensioning and more efficient storage. The documentation for the VASP
program contains a VASP dictionary and example problems. The dictionary contains a
 description of each subroutine and instructions on its use. The example problems include
dynamic response, optimal control gain, solution of the sampled data matrix Riccati
equation, matrix decomposition, and a pseudo-inverse of a matrix. This subroutine
library was written by John White and Homer Lee of NASA Ames. /VASP
44. Variable metric algorithm for constrained optimization. VMACO is a non-linear
program developed to calculate the least value of a function of N variables subject to
general constraints (both equality and inequality). Generally, the first set of constraints is
an equality (the target) and the remaining constraints are inequalities (boundaries). The
VMACO program utilizes an iterative method in seeking the optimal solution. It can be
"hooked" into a driver program (examples are provided) which can calculate the values
for the real function, constraints, and their first order partials with respect to the controls.
The algorithm is based upon a variable metric method presented by M.J.D. Powell and a
quadratic programming method by R. Fletcher. This implementation requires more
overhead in calculating each new control variable, but fewer iterations are required for
convergence. In comparison with other algorithms, it has been found that VMACO
handles test cases withconstraints particularly well, and that less execution time is
necessary for convergence. VMACO was written by J. D. Frick of McDonnell Douglas
Corp./Houston for NASA Marshall. /VMACO
45. W12SC3 - Supersonic wing design and analysis using source and vortex panel
singularity distributions, based on the USSAERO program by Woodward. W12SC3
combines source and vortex panel singularity distributions forcalculating the linear
theory estimate of the configuration aerodynamics. The user can specify Woodward II
calculations for arbitrary body models or Woodward I calculations for an interference
shell that approximates actual body shape. The Carlson correction for supersonic linear
theory wing calculations is applied at wing control points. If desired, COREL will
produce conical panel pressure data for further processing by W12SC3. W12SC3 can
perform the following aerodynamic functions:
1) full analysis,
2) full design,
3) full optimization,
4) mixed design-analysis, and
5) mixed design-optimization.
Results from W12SC3 include wing camber distribution, surface velocities, pressure
coefficients and drag. /W12SC3
46. Rational spline subroutines. - Scientific data often contains random errors that make
plotting and curve-fitting difficult. The Rational-Spline Approximation with Automatic
Tension Adjustment algorithm lead to a flexible, smooth representation of experimental
data. The user sets the conditions for each consecutive pair of knots: (knots are user-
defined divisions in the data set) to apply no tension; to apply fixed tension; or to
determine tension with a tension adjustment algorithm. The user also selects the number
of knots, the knot abscissas, and the allowed maximum deviations from line segments.
The selection of these quantities depends on the actual data and on the requirements of a
particular application. This program differs from the usual spline under tension in that it
allows the user to specify different tension values between each adjacent pair of knots
rather than a constant tension over the entire data range. The subroutines use an
 automatic adjustment scheme that varies the tension parameter for each interval until the
maximum deviation of the spline from the line joining the knots is less than or equal to a
user-specified amount. This procedure frees the user from the drudgery of adjusting
individual tension parameters while still giving control over the local behavior of the
spline. This software was developed and coded by James R. Schiess and Patricia A. Kerr
of NASA Langley. A copy of NASA Technical Paper 2366 is included on the CD-ROM.
/RSPLINE
47. Transient response of ablating axisymmetric bodies including the effects of shape
change (ABAXI). Some of the features of the analysis and the associated program are
(1) the ablation material is considered to be orthotropic with temperature-dependent
thermal properties; (2) the thermal response of the entire body is considered
simultaneously; (3) the heat transfer and pressure distribution over the body are adjusted
to the new geometry as ablation occurs; (4) the governing equations and several
boundary-condition options are formulated in terms of generalized orthogonal
coordinates for fixed points in a moving coordinate system; (5) the finite-difference
equations are solved implicitly; and (6) other instantaneous body shapes can be
displayed with a user-supplied plotting routine. NASA Langley program by Lona
Howser. Copies of NASA reports TM X-2375 and TN D-6220 are on the disc. /ABAXI

WORKS IN PROGRESS
I have a number of programs that are incomplete or lacking in documentation. Many of these are
full of interesting source code and might prove useful to the aeronautical engineer interested in
computational methods. I will continue to attempt to bring these programs up to the full standard
for release, but others may wish to examine the inner workings of the code and perhaps discover
some of the missing documents and test cases. These works-in-progress will be included on the
CD-ROM, beginning in January 2009.

1. Analytical comparisons of ablative nozzle materials. This program is designed to predict

the ablation performance of rocket nozzle heat protection materials. The program is
based on the use of nonsymmetrical difference equations that are employed to solve
systems of complex partial differential equations.The program can be used to predict the
thermal degradation of a wide variety of materials exposed to an external source of heat.
It can be generally adapted to the simulation of processes involving heat and mass
transfer by substituting specific parameters into the basic equations. The program also
includes the effects of mass addition on heat transfer, the calculation of internal gas
pressure and internal material stresses, and a number of other options for surface or char
removal. The program has previously been used to compare performance of phenolic
nylon, phenolic graphite, and phenolic refrasil as rocket nozzle heat protection
materials.NASA Lewis program under contract to General Electric. /ABLATE
2. Velocity gradient method for calculating velocities in an asymmetric annular duct.
(ANDUCT).
Turbomachinery components are often connected by ducts, which are usually annular.
The configurations and aerodynamic characteristics of these ducts are crucial to the
optimum performance of the turbomachinery blade rows. The ANDUCT computer
program was developed to calculate the velocity distribution along an arbitrary line
 between the inner and outer walls of an annular duct with axisymmetric swirling flow.
Although other programs are available for duct analysis, the use of the velocity gradient
method makes the ANDUCT program fast and convenient while requiring only modest
computer resources. A fast and easy method of analyzing the flow through a duct with
axisymmetric flow is the velocity gradient method, also known as the stream filament or
streamline curvature method. This method has been used extensively for blade passages
but has not been widely used for ducts, except for the radial equilibrium equation. In
ANDUCT, a velocity gradient equation derived from the momentum equation is used to
determine the velocity variation along an arbitrary straight line between the inner and
outer wall of an annular duct. The velocity gradient equation is used with an assumed
variation of meridional streamline curvature. Upstream flow conditions may vary
between the inner and outer walls, and an assumed total pressure distribution may be
specified. ANDUCT works best for well-guided passages and where the curvature of the
walls is small as compared to the width of the passage. /ANDUCT
3. Three-dimensional supersonic flow (AOFA). This program determines the complete
viscous and inviscid flow around a body of revolution at a given angle of attack and
traveling at supersonic speeds. The viscous calculations from this program agree with
experimental values for surface and pitot pressures and with surface heating rates. At
high speeds, lee-side flows are important because the local heating is difficult to
correlate and because the shed vortices can interact with vehicle components such as a
canopy or a vertical tail. This program should find application in the design analysis of
any high speed vehicle. Lee-side flows are difficult to calculate because thin-boundary-
layer theory is not applicable and the concept of matching inviscid and viscous flow is
questionable. This program uses the parabolic approximation to the compressible
Navier-Stokes equations and solves for the complete inviscid and viscous regions of
flow, including the pressure. The parabolic approximation results from the assumption
that the stress derivatives in the streamwise direction are small in comparison with
derivatives in the normal and circumferential directions. This assumption permits the
equation to be solved by an implicit finite difference marching technique which proceeds
downstream from the initial data point, provided the inviscid portion of flow is
supersonic. The viscous cross-flow separation is also determined as part of the solution.
To use this method it is necessary to first determine an initial data point in a region
where the inviscid portion of the flow is supersonic. NASA Ames program by John
Rakich. /AOFA
4. Aircraft roll-out iterative energy simulation program (ARIES)
This program analyzes aircraft brake performance during rollout. The program simulates
a three degree of freedom rollout after nose gear touchdown. The amount of brake
energy dissipated during landing determines the life expectancy of brake pads. ARIES
incorporates brake pressure, actual flight data, crosswinds, and runway characteristics to
calculate the following:
1) brake energy used during rollout for up to four independent brake systems,
2) time profiles of rollout distance, velocity, deceleration, and lateral runway position,
and
3) all aerodynamic moments on the vehicle.
ARIES can be adapted for modeling most landing aircraft during unpowered rollout.
 Optimum braking procedures can be developed with ARIES to minimize brake
deterioration while staying within specified lengths of runway. ARIES has been used to
evaluate several Shuttle Orbiter brake pad failures. After the input of initial runway and
landing conditions, ARIES utilizes three simulation models to evaluate the rollout at
given time intervals. The brake force simulation requires tire and brake information
along with actual flight data. The equations of motion allow force and moment balances
to be calculated. The aerodynamic effects are computed, including lift, drag, axial and
normal forces, and roll, pitch, and yaw moments. The various aerosurface effects are
obtained from interpolation of the Rockwell Aero Sciences Group Design Data Book
tables. The output is inboth printed and plotted form. ARIES iterates the calculations
until the computed forward velocity is below three knots. Rockwell International.
/ARIES
5. Non-rotating blade-to blade, steady, potential transonic cascade flow analysis
code (CAS2D)
An exact, full-potential-equation model for the steady, irrotational, homoentropic, and
homoenergetic flow of a compressible, inviscid fluid through a two-dimensional planar
cascade together with its appropriate boundary conditions has been derived. The CAS2D
computer program numerically solves an artificially time-dependent form of the actual
full-potential-equation, providing a nonrotating blade-to-blade, steady, potential
transonic cascade flow analysis code.In CAS2D, the governing equation is discretized
by using type-dependent, rotated finite differencing and the finite area technique. The
flow field is discretized by providing a boundary-fitted, nonuniform computational
mesh. This mesh is generated by using a sequence of conformal mapping, nonorthogonal
coordinate stretching, and local, isoparametric, bilinear mapping functions. The
discretized form of the full-potential equation is solved iteratively by using successive
line over relaxation. Possible isentropic shocks are captured by the explicit addition of
an artificial viscosity in a conservative form. In addition, a four-level, consecutive, mesh
refinement feature makes CAS2D a reliable and fast algorithm for the analysis of
transonic, two-dimensional cascade flows. The results from CAS2D are not directly
applicable to three-dimensional, potential, rotating flows through a cascade of blades
because CAS2D does not consider the effects of the Coriolis force that would be present
in the three-dimensional case. ( NASA Lewis Research Center) /CAS2D
6. Transformation of coordinates in Celestial Coordinates /CELEST
7. Dissociated air flow effects during plasma arc testing (COLDARC)
The COLDARC program was developed as part of an effort to predict the heating rate
and surface friction effects on the Thermal Protection System of the Space Shuttle
Orbiter during re-entry environments. COLDARC enables the user to predict the heating
rate and surface friction on a test article during plasma arc testing. This program takes
into account the effects of dissociated air flow over the specimen and the associated heat
flux and surface temperatures. Normally, plasma arc testing involves air flow over a test
specimen having a relatively smooth surface. Since the orbiter Thermal Protection
System does not constitute a smooth mold line surface, the COLDARC program was
necessary to assess the impact of this surface roughness and the dissociated air flow.
COLDARC uses a simplified frozen flow model to represent the dissociated air flow and
to predict the heat flux and surface friction, including the effects or retarded atomic
 recombination, from test facility data. ( ROCKWELL INTERNATIONAL CORP. )
/COLDARC
8. Conical Relaxation for supersonic wing design and analysis (COREL)
COREL is useful in the aerodynamic design and analysis of wings for supersonic
maneuvering. It uses the Super Critical Conical Camber (SC3) concept, in which high
supersonic lift coefficients are obtained by controlling cross flow development. COREL
solves the nonlinear full potential equation for a spanwise section of a wing in the
crossflow plane and corrects the result for any nonconical geometry. COREL computes
the mixed subsonic/supersonic crossflow that develops on supersonic wings with high
lift coefficients at Mach numbers normal to shock waves of 1.3 or less. The bow and
crossflow shocks are captured as part of the solution. The initial aerodynamic solution is
produced on a crude grid and is then reiterated. A finer mesh is then mapped, keeping
the bow shock within the boundary of the new computed crossflow. The input geometry
can be specifically defined or calculated in COREL using Craidon bicubic spline
patches. (GRUMMAN AEROSPACE CORP.) /COREL
9. Aeroelastic divergence characteristics of unguided, slender body, multi-stage launch
vehicles (DIVERGE).
The primary function of this computer program is the calculation of the divergence
dynamic pressure and associated divergence modal characteristics of unguided, slender-
body, multistage launch vehicles. The divergence dynamic pressure is obtained as the
non-trivial solution to a homogenous stability equation using matrix recurrence
techniques. Provision is made for modulating the distributed lift curve coefficient slope
function and the stiffness function. The program also includes an option for calculating a
generalized static margin which approximates the degeneration in rigid-body static
margin due to aeroelasticity effects. Evaluated equations are also programmed to allow
for the exclusion of the effect of aerodynamic crossflow resulting from vehicle angular
velocities if desired. Other physical and aerodynamic properties calculated include total
mass, center of mass, moments of inertia in pitch about the reference station, total
aerodynamic lift curve slope, static aerodynamic center of pressure, rigid body static
margin, and short period frequency. Input to the program is via the Fortran NAMELIST
option with output printed. ( NASA Langley Research Center ) /DIVERGE
10. University of Kansas static aeroelasticity program (ELASTIC)
This software package contains three programs which compute geometric, mass,
aerodynamic, and structural characteristics of fighter type aircraft. The programs were
developed for computational support of a parametric study of planform and aeroelastic
effects on aerodynamic center and stability derivatives. They calculate alpha- and q-
stability derivatives and induced drag for thin elastic aeroplanes at subsonic and
supersonic speeds. The programs are applicable to studies of steady state aeroelastic
effects on stability characteristics of airplanes, but results are limited in validity to wings
of typical fighter airplanes with a weight of 40,000 pounds (178,000 Newtons) and wing
structures designed to withstand a limit load of 7.33 g's. The programs represent the
airplane at subsonic and supersonic speeds as thin surface(s) (without dihedral)
composed of discrete panels of constant pressure for the aerodynamic effects, and as
slender beam(s) for the structural effects. They compute the static aeroelastic angle-of-
 attack and pitch rate stability derivatives for a twisted and cambered thin airplane
configuration at various flight conditions. (U. Kansas for NASA Langley). /ELASTIC
11. Analysis of three-dimensional supersonic nozzle exhaust flow fields (EXHAUST).
A second order numerical method employing reference plane characteristics has been
developed for the calculation of geometrically complex three dimensional nozzle-
exhaust flow fields, heretofore uncalculable by existing methods. The nozzles may have
irregular cross sections with swept throats and may be stacked in modules using the
vehicle undersurface for additional expansion. The nozzles may have highly nonuniform
entrance conditions, the medium considered being an equilibrium hydrogen-air mixture.
The program calculates and carries along the underexpansion shock and contact as
discrete discontinuity surfaces, for a nonuniform vehicle external flow. Additionally,
shock formation due to coalescence is detected. A wide variety of geometric problems
may be considered since the reference plane method has been developed for three
separate coordinate systems, all incorporated into a single program. ( Advances
Technology Labs. for NASA Lewis ) /EXHAUST
12. Flexible spacecraft dynamics (FSD)
The Flexible Spacecraft Dynamics and Control program (FSD) was developed to aid in
the simulation of a large class of flexible and rigid spacecraft. FSD is extremely versatile
and can be used in attitude dynamics and control analysis as well as in-orbit support of
deployment and control of spacecraft. FSD has been used to analyze the in-orbit attitude
performance and antenna deployment of the RAE and IMP class satellites, and the
HAWKEYE, SCATHA, EXOS-B, and Dynamics Explorer flight programs. FSD is
applicable to inertially-oriented spinning, earth oriented, or gravity gradient stabilized
spacecraft. The spacecraft flexibility is treated in a continuous manner (instead of finite
element) by employing a series of shape functions for the flexible elements. Torsion,
bending, and three flexible modes can be simulated for every flexible element. FSD can
handle up to ten tubular elements in an arbitrary orientation. FSD is appropriate for
studies involving the active control of pointed instruments, with options for digital PID
(proportional, integral, derivative) error feedback controllers and control actuators such
as thrusters and momentum wheels. The input to FSD is in four parts: 1) Orbit
Construction FSD calculates a Keplerian orbit with environmental effects such as drag,
magnetic torque, solar pressure, thermal effects, and thruster adjustments; or the user can
supply a GTDS format orbit tape for a particular satellite/timespan; 2) Control words -
for options such as gravity gradient effects, control torques, and integration ranges; 3)
Mathematical descriptions of spacecraft, appendages, and control systems- including
element geometry, properties, attitudes, libration damping, tip mass inertia, thermal
expansion, magnetic tracking, and gimbal simulation options; and 4) Desired state
variables to output, i.e., geometries, bending moments, fast Fourier transform plots,
gimbal rotation, filter vectors, etc. All FSD input is of free format, namelist construction.
( NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ) /FSD
13. A general optical systems evaluation program (GENOPTICS)
The General Optical Systems Evaluation Program, GENOPTICS, was developed as an
aid for the analysis and evaluation of optical systems that employ lenses, mirrors,
diffraction gratings, and other geometrical surfaces. The GENOPTICS evaluation is
performed by means of geometrical ray tracing based upon Snell's law. The
 GENOPTICS program can provide for the exact ray tracing of as many as 800 rays
through as many as 40 surfaces. These surfaces may be planar, conic, toric, or
polynomial shaped lenses, mirrors, and diffraction gratings. Each surface may be tilted
about as many as three axes and may be decentered. Surfaces having bilateral symmetry
may also be analyzed. GENOPTICS provides for user-oriented input and for a wide
range of output for the evaluation of the optical system being analyzed.
GENOPTICS provides a wide range of features for the optical system analyst.
GENOPTICS performs paraxial ray tracing and computation of the third order
aberrations including aspheric contribution. Graphical output can be generated for spot
diagrams, radial energy distributions, and modulation transfer functions, for each object
point and each color. Sag tables may be generated for any rotationally symmetric
surface, with options to obtain the sag differences from a reference sphere in units of
lengths or wavelengths. Statistics and plots of ray intercepts with any surface in the
system may be obtained for use in vignetting analysis and beam distribution analysis.
Afocal systems can be examined with image statistics generated in terms of tangents of
angles with respect to the optical axis. For exact ray tracing, a ray pattern at the entrance
pupil can be specified as a rectangular or polar grid, where each ray samples an equal
amount of area, or as a pattern where each ray samples an equal amount of solid angle
for a finite object. This latter pattern is useful in radiometric work.
Input to GENOPTICS includes program control statements, system definition data,
surface data, and task data. Multiple cases may be examined in a single run. Output
includes printed and graphical results. The user can specify which portions of an analysis
are to be printed. Optional printout includes system data, surface-to-surface printout of
each ray, modulation transfer function values, radial energy distribution values, and
paraxial ray data including aberrations. (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center )
/GOPTICS
14. Improved price estimation guidelines (IPEG)
The Improved Price Estimation Guidelines, IPEG, program provides a simple yet
accurate estimate of the price of a manufactured product. IPEG facilitates sensitivity
studies of price estimates at considerably less expense than would be incurred by using
the Standard Assembly-line Manufacturing Industry Simulation, SAMIS, program
(COSMIC program NPO-16032). A difference of less than one percent between the
IPEG and SAMIS price estimates has been observed with realistic test cases. However,
the IPEG simplification of SAMIS allows the analyst with limited time and computing
resources to perform a greater number of sensitivity studies than with SAMIS. Although
IPEG was developed for the photovoltaics industry, it is readily adaptable to any
standard assembly line type of manufacturing industry. IPEG estimates the annual
production price per unit. The input data includes cost of equipment, space, labor,
materials, supplies, and utilities. Production on an industry wide basis or a process wide
basis can be simulated. Once the IPEG input file is prepared, the original price is
estimated and sensitivity studies may be performed. The IPEG user selects a sensitivity
variable and a set of values. IPEG will compute a price estimate and a variety of other
cost parameters for every specified value of the sensitivity variable. IPEG is designed as
an interactive system and prompts the user for all required information and offers a
variety of output options. (Cal Tech/Jet Propulsion Lab.) /IPEG
15. LONGLIB - a graphics library.
This library is a set of subroutines designed for vector plotting to CRT's, plotters, dot
matrix, and laser printers. LONGLIB subroutines are invoked by program calls similar
to standard CALCOMP routines. In addition to the basic plotting routines, LONGLIB
contains an extensive set of routines to allow viewport clipping, extended character sets,
graphic input, shading, polar plots, and 3-D plotting with or without hidden line
removal.LONGLIB capabilities include surface plots, contours, histograms, logarithm
axes, world maps, and seismic plots. LONGLIB includes master subroutines, which are
self-contained series of commonly used individual subroutines. When invoked, the
master routine will initialize the plotting package, and will plot multiple curves, scatter
plots, log plots, 3-D plots, etc. and then close the plot package, all with a single call. The
latest version, 5.0, is significantly enhanced and has been made more portable. ( Cal
Tech/Jet Propulsion Lab. ) /LONGLIB
16. Mistuning effects on turbofan cascades (MISER2)
In the development of modern aircraft turbofan engines, the aeroelastic stability and
response of bladed-disk assemblies have been among the most difficult problems
encountered. The study of stability and response in these assemblies is complicated by
the presence of small differences between the individual blades, known as mistuning.
The Mistuning Effects on Turbofan Cascades program, MISER2, was developed to
improve the basic understanding of the effects of mistuning on aeroelastic stability and
response. The MISER2 program calculates the flutter boundaries and aeroelastic
response of a cascade of arbitrarily mistuned airfoils. It is based on a formulation
incorporating incompressible subsonic and supersonic, unsteady, two-dimensional
aerodynamic theories. Each blade is modeled as a two degree-of-freedom oscillator
having inertial coupling between the bending and torsional motions. It is possible to
consider any type of uncoupled bending and torsional frequencies, damping ratios, mass
ratios, and elastic axis and center of gravity positions. Special cases which can be treated
by MISER2 include: tuned and mistuned cases; uncoupled bending and uncoupled
torsion cases; and the tuned coupled bending-torsion case. ( NASA Lewis Research
Center ) /MISER2
17. Monte Carlo investigation of trajectory operations and requirements (MONITOR).
The Monte Carlo Investigation of Trajectory Operations and Requirements (MONITOR)
program was developed to perform spacecraft mission maneuver simulations for
geosynchronous, single maneuver, and comet encounter type trajectories. MONITOR is
a multifaceted program which enables the modeling of various orbital sequences and
missions, the generation of Monte Carlo simulation statistics, and the parametric
scanning of user requested variables over specified intervals. The MONITOR program
has been used primarily to study geosynchronous missions and has the capability to
model Space Shuttle deployed satellite trajectories. The ability to perform a Monte Carlo
error analysis of user specified orbital parameters using predicted maneuver execution
errors can make MONITOR a significant part of any mission planning and analysis
system.
The MONITOR program can be executed in four operational modes. In the first
mode, analytic state covariance matrix propagation is performed using state transition
matrices for the coasting and powered burn phases of the trajectory. A two-body central
 force field is assumed throughout the analysis. Histograms of the final orbital elements
and other state dependent variables may be evaluated by a Monte Carlo analysis. In the
second mode, geosynchronous missions can be simulated from parking orbit injection
through station acquisition. A two-body central force field is assumed throughout the
simulation. Nominal mission studies can be conducted; however, the main use of this
mode lies in evaluating the behavior of pertinent orbital trajectory parameters by making
use of a Monte Carlo analysis. In the third mode, MONITOR performs parametric scans
of user-requested variables for a nominal mission. Various orbital sequences may be
specified; however, primary use is devoted to geosynchronous missions. A maximum of
five variables may be scanned at a time. The fourth mode simulates a mission from orbit
injection through comet encounter with optional Monte Carlo analysis. Midcourse
maneuvers may be made to correct for burn errors and comet movements. ( NASA
Goddard Space Flight Center ) /MONITOR
18. Nastran plotting post processor (NASTPLT)
The NASTRAN Plotting Post Processor was developed to read NASTRAN generated
NASTPLT plot files, to check the file contents for validity, and to translate the
NASTPLT plot commands into appropriate calls to plotting routines for either CalComp,
Tektronix PLOT10, or Versatec plotting systems. This program was originally written to
generate a summary of the contents of a NASTPLT plot file for the purposes of
debugging and checking the validity and characteristics of the file contents. The
summary information generated includes the following information for each plot on the
NASTPLT file: plot number, draw-lines summary, draw-axis summary, draw-character
summary, maximum and minimum values in the x-range and y-range, and pen change
information. The summary information also includes the following information for the
NASTPLT file as a whole: the number of records read, the number of commands, and
the number of plots. The summary generation program was extended to include the plot
routine calls for the CalComp, Tektronix PLOT10, and Versatec plotting systems. The
Post Processor is run interactively and prompts the user for all of the required input. The
user may request the summary information and then use that information to determine
which plots on the file are to be output. The Post Processor is compatible with either
VAX or IBM NASTRAN generated NASTPLT files. ( Computer Sciences Corp. for
NASA Langley) /NASTPLT
19. A segmented mission analysis program for low and high speed aircraft (NSEG)
NSEG was developed to perform rapid aircraft mission analyses. It is based upon the
use of approximate equations of motion whose form varies with the type of flight
segment. Flight segments considered are takeoff, accelerations, climbs, cruises, descents,
decelerations, and landings. Layered atmosphere options are available. The program can
also be used for flight envelope mapping. NSEG provides the capability to analyze
aircraft missions from low to hypersonic speeds. Realistic and detailed vehicle
characteristics are input to NSEG to permit accurate mission analysis. NSEG allows
engine scaling so as to fit the design under analysis. NSEG contains several approximate
flight path optimization capabilities based on Rutowski energy-like criteria for
considering minimum time or fuel flight segments and maximum range segments during
climb or descent. Takeoff and landing analysis is based on the Air Force Flight
Dynamics Laboratory DATCOM method of high lift aerodynamic modelling. There are
 three main atmosphere options available; the 1962 U.S. Standard atmosphere, a stratified
atmosphere model, and an external atmosphere model supplied by the user. The
stratified atmosphere model requires the input of the number of layers (maximum 25),
altitudes, temperatures, and pressures. The mission specification is open-ended in that
the upper limit on the number of flight segments to be included in a mission profile can
be increased with a simple program change. Input consists of vehicle characteristic data,
data to specify details of the mission, and selection of program options. (Aerophysics
Research Corp. for NASA Langley) /NSEG
20. A vertical profile which minimizes aircraft fuel burn or direct operating cost (OPTIM)
The OPTIM computer program was developed to generate optimum vertical profiles
for turbojet powered aircraft. Specifically, OPTIM generates a profile of altitude,
airspeed, and flight path angle as a function of range between a given set of origin and
destination points for particular models of transport aircraft. The profile may be
optimized in the sense of minimizing fuel or time or in minimizing the direct operating
cost expressed as a combination of fuel and time. Inputs to the program include the
vertical wind profile, the aircraft takeoff weight, and the aircraft engine and aerodynamic
characteristics. The optimum vertical flight profile is generated by calculating the
airspeed and thrust required to minimize the Hamiltonian at specific energy increments.
(Analytical Mechanics Associates for NASA Langley) /OPTIM
21. Parameterized investigation of launch opportunities and trajectories (PILOT).
The launch window for an earth satellite mission defines the dates and the times of
day that a satellite can be launched and satisfy the mission constraints. The
Parameterized Investigation of Launch Opportunities and Trajectories (PILOT) program
was developed to perform mission simulation computations that yield data for use in
delimiting optimum launch windows. The PILOT program performs parametric scans of
a user specified trajectory over launch date and initial right ascension of the ascending
node. During each scan various mission parameters are generated and output to a data
file. The CoPILOT utility program is used to read and format the PILOT generated data
file. The user specifies acceptable limits on the various PILOT generated parameters,
CoPILOT checks the data, and generates an output table with notations of any constraint
violations. Any time that no contraints are violated, an acceptable launch time exists. For
each date, the acceptable launch times are printed. A printer plot may also be generated
to visually display the launch window. (Computer Sciences Corp. for NASA Goddard)
/PILOT
22. Design of two-dimensional supersonic turbine rotor blades with boundary layer
correction (RBLADE).
A computer program has been developed for the design of supersonic rotor blades
where losses are accounted for by correcting the ideal blade geometry for boundary layer
displacement thickness. The ideal blade passage is designed by the method of
characteristics and is based on establishing
vortex flow within the passage. Boundary-layer parameters (displacement and
momentum thicknesses) are calculated for the ideal passage, and the final blade
geometry is obtained by adding the displacement thicknesses to the ideal nozzle
coordinates. The boundary-layer parameters are also used to calculate the aftermixing
conditions downstream of the rotor blades assuming the flow mixes to a uniform state.
 The computer program input consists essentially of the rotor inlet and outlet Mach
numbers, upper- and lower-surface Mach numbers, inlet flow angle, specific heat ratio,
and total flow conditions. The program gas properties are set up for air. Additional gases
require changes to be made to the program. The computer output consists of the
corrected rotor blade coordinates, the principal boundary-layer parameters, and the
aftermixing conditions. ( NASA Lewis Research Center ) /RBLADE
23. Fast Mars relay communication link (RELAY)
This program evaluates the communications link between the Viking Orbiter and Lander
vehicles. The program calculates the trajectory of the Orbiter and Lander
simultaneously. Using data from both vehicles, this program calculates communication
geometry. ( Martin Marietta Corp. ) /RELAY
24. Aeroelastic analysis for rotorcraft in flight or in a wind tunnel (ROTOR)
The testing of rotorcraft, either in flight or in a wind tunnel, requires a consideration of
the coupled aeroelastic stability of the rotor and airframe, or the rotor and support
system. Even if the primary purpose of a test is to measure rotor performance, ignoring
the question of dynamic stability introduces the risk of catastrophic failure of the
aircraft. This computer program was developed to incorporate an analytical model of the
aeroelastic behavior of a wide range of rotorcraft. Such an analytical model is desirable
for both pre-test predictions and post-test correlations. The program is also applicable in
investigations of isolated rotor aeroelasticity and helicopter flight dynamics and could be
employed as a basis for more extensive investigations of aeroelastic behavior, such as
automatic control system design.
The program incorporates an analytical model which is applicable to a wide range of
rotors, helicopters, and operating conditions. The equations of motion used in the model
were derived using an integral Newtonian method, which provides considerable insight
into the blade inertial and aerodynamic forces. The rotor model includes coupled flap-
lag bending and blade torsion degrees of freedom, and is applicable to articulated,
hingeless, gimballed, and teetering rotors with an arbitrary number of blades. The
aerodynamic model is valid for both high and low inflow, and for both axial and
nonaxial flight. Rotor rotational speed dynamics, including engine inertia and damping,
and perturbation inflow dynamics are included in the aerodynamic model.
For a rotor on a wind-tunnel support, a normal mode representation of the test
module, strut, and balance is used. The aeroelastic analysis for rotorcraft in flight is
applicable to a general two-rotor aircraft, including single main-rotor and tandem
helicopter configurations, and side-by-side or tilting proprotor aircraft configurations.
The rotor model includes rotor-rotor aerodynamic interference and ground effect. The
aircraft model includes rotor-fuselage-tail aerodynamic interference, engine dynamics,
and control dynamics. A constant-coefficient approximation is used for nonaxial flow
and a quasistatic approximation is used for the low frequency dynamics. The coupled
system dynamics results is a set of linear differential equations which are used to
determine the stability and aeroelastic response of the system. ( NASA Ames Research
Center ) /ROTOR
25. Super/Hypersonic inviscid flow around real configurations (SHIFARC)
This package was developed to compute the inviscid super/hypersonic flow field about
complex vehicle geometries accurately and efficiently. A second-order accurate finite
 difference scheme is used to integrate the three-dimensional Euler equations in regions
of continuous flow, while all shock waves are computed as discontinuities via the
Rankine-Hugoniot jump conditions. This package has the ability to compute blunt nose
entropy layers in detail. Real gas effects for equilibrium air are included using curve fits
of Mollier charts. This package can be a very useful tool in the design and analysis of
high speed vehicles such as supersonic aircraft, hypersonic transports, and re-entry
spacecraft (shuttle orbiter).
This package consists of three separate computer programs. STEIN is the program that
solves the Euler equations for the flow field. This solution is obtained by following these
basic guidelines:
1) An accurate second order finite difference marching technique is used to
numericallly integrate the governing partial differential equations;
2) Shock waves in the flow field are followed and the Rankine-Hugoniot conditions
are satisfied across them;
3) The intersection of two shocks of the same family is computed explicitly;
4) Conformal mappings are used to develop a computational grid;
5) Body boundary conditions are satisfied by recasting the equations according to the
concept of characteristics;
6) The edge of the entropy layer on blunt nose vehicles is followed from its origin
and the derivatives across the layer formed;
7) Real gas effects are included when appropriate, by using fits of Mollier charts; and
8) Sharp leading edge wings are computed using a local two-dimensional solution.
The only limitation to this solution technique is that the Mach number in the marching
direction (nose to tail) must be supersonic at every point in the flow field. The region
around the nose of blunt nosed vehicles must be computed by another technique (see
description of BLUNT below) and once the flow becomes supersonic, STEIN can
proceed with its calculations. This program has been used extensively to compute
external flow fields and has been found to yield accurate results for a wide variety of
vehicle configurations flying at Mach numbers between 2 and 26 and having angles of
attack to plus/minus 30 degrees.
The program BLUNT is used to find flow fields about blunt nosed portions of the
vehicle. BLUNT uses a time dependent computational technique to asymptote to a
steady transonic solution. Output from this program can be used by STEIN to define the
flow field points where supersonic flow begins. The program QUICK provides the user
with a geometry system to model a complex vehicle geometry in a quick, straight-
forward fashion. QUICK consists of an initial defining and logical checkout group of
routines, which actually set up the mathematical model, and a second group of routines
which are used to interrogate the model for cross sectional information. QUICK supplies
all geometrical information about the vehicle to STEIN. (Grumman Aerospace Corp.)
/SHIFARC
26. Circuit Analysis (SNEAK)
Input to this program consists of data representing the circuit to be analyzed. The data is
prepared by converting the schematic of the circuit into a "wire list". In this wire list all
switches are assumed closed with special circumstances, e.g. double throw switches,
being noted as switchable continuity. The output consists of any paths that meet the
 criteria for sneak circuits. These areas of suspicion must then be submitted to manual
analysis, but the number of paths to be analyzed is greatly reduced by the criterion of
opposing power and ground. Post-analysis consists of checking switch logic to sift out
paths that cannot be switched on and then determining any systems effects of the
remaining possible sneak circuits. The computer output is designed to present the path
tracing information in a format that readily assists manual analysis of the suspected
sneak circuits. The automated sneak circuit analysis is accomplished in three processing
phases. The first phase is the data reduction phase. In this phase the "wire list" is
generated. Input may be in several different formats and even segmented such that
separate groups or contractors may prepare "wire lists" covering subsystems with
discontinuities at interfaces. The "wire list" is merged with an in-line disconnect table
establishing continuity at the interface between any subsystems. This "wire list" is then
reduced to an ISAM file containing a branch cross-reference table, in which each to-
node/from-node branch is uniquely identified and stored with its associated
characteristics. The second phase is the path derivation phase. In this process the data in
the branch cross-reference table is used to examine all possible paths to see which meet
the above mentioned two-fold criteria for a possible sneak circuit. The third phase is the
path regeneration phase. The paths flagged are listed in branch sequence number and
then in to-from connector sequence. The output report generated is in a highly useable
format that allows the engineer to verify the suspected sneak circuit path by locating the
wire segments on the circuit schematic drawings. (Boeing Co. ) /SNEAK
27. Space Shuttle Synthesis Program (SSSP). The Space Shuttle Synthesis Program
(SSSP) automates the trajectory, weights and performance computations essential to
predesign of the Space Shuttle system for earth-to-orbit operations. The two-stage Space
Shuttle system is a completely reusable space transportation system consisting of a
booster and an orbiter element. The SSSP'S major parts are a detailed weight/volume
routine, a precision three-dimensional trajectory simulation, and the iteration and
synthesis logic necessary to satisfy the hardware and trajectory constraints. The SSSP is
a highly useful tool in conceptual design studies where the effects of various trajectory
configuration and shuttle subsystem parameters must be evaluated relatively rapidly and
economically. The program furnishes sensitivity and tradeoff data for proper selection of
configuration and trajectory predesign parameters. Emphasis is placed upon pre-design
simplicity and minimum input preparation. Characteristic equations for describing
aerodynamic and propulsion models and for computing weights and volumes are kept
relatively simple. The synthesis program is designed for a relatively large number of
two-stage Space Shuttle configurations and mission types, but avoids the complexity of
a completely generalized computer program that would be unwieldy to use and/or
modify. /SSSP
28. Velocities and streamlines on a blade-to-blade stream surface of a tandem blade
turbomachine (TANDEM).
This computer program gives the blade-to-blade solution of the two-dimensional,
subsonic, compressible (or incompressible), nonviscous flow problem for a circular or
straight infinite cascade of tandem or slotted turbomachine blades. The blades may be
fixed or rotating. The flow may be axial, radial , or mixed. The method of solution is
 based on the stream function using an iterative solution of nonlinear finite-difference
equations. These equations are solved using two major levels of iteration. The inner
iteration consists of the solution of simultaneous linear equations by successive over-
relaxation, using an estimated optimum over-relaxation factor. The outer iteration then
changes the coefficients of the simultaneous equations to correct for compressibility.
The program input consists of the basic blade geometry, the meridional stream channel
coordinates, fluid stagnation conditions, weight flow and flow split through the slot, and
inlet and outlet flow angles. The output includes blade surface velocities, velocity
magnitude and direction throughout the passage, and the streamline coordinates. (NASA
Lewis Research Center) /TANDEM
29. One-dimensional numerical analysis of the transient thermal response of multilayer
insulative systems (THERM1D)
This program performs a one-dimensional numerical analysis of the transient thermal
response of multi-layer insulative systems. The analysis can determine the temperature
distribution through a system consisting of from one to four layers, one of which can be
an air gap. Concentrated heat sinks at any interface can be included. The computer
program based on the analysis will determine the thickness of a specified layer that will
satisfy a temperature limit criterion at any point in the insulative system. The program
will also automatically calculate the thickness at several points on a system and
determine the total system mass. This program was developed as a tool for designing
thermal protection systems for high speed aerospace vehicles but could be adapted to
many areas of industry involved in thermal insulation systems. In this package, the
equations describing the transient thermal response of a system are developed. The
governing differential equation for each layer and boundary condition are put in finite-
difference form using a Taylor's series expansion. These equations yield an essentially
tridiagonal matrix of unknown temperatures. A procedure based on Gauss' elimination
method is used to solve the matrix. ( NASA Langley Research Center ). /THERM1D
30. Takeoff and landing performance capabilities of transport category aircraft (TOL)
One of the most important considerations in the design of a commercial transport aircraft
is the aircraft's performance during takeoff and landing operations. The aircraft must be
designed to meet field length constraints in accordance with airworthiness standards
specified in the Federal Aviation Regulations. In addition, the noise levels generated
during these operations must be within acceptable limits. This computer program
provides for the detailed analysis of the takeoff and landing performance capabilities of
transport category aircraft. The program calculates aircraft performance in accordance
with the airworthiness standards of the Federal Aviation Regulations. The aircraft and
flight constraints are represented in sufficient detail to permit realistic sensitivity studies
in terms of either configuration modifications or changes in operational procedures.This
program provides for the detailed performance analysis of the takeoff and landing
capabilities of specific aircraft designs and allows for sensitivity studies. The program is
not designed to synthesize configurations or to generate aerodynamic, propulsion, or
structural characteristics. This type of information must be generated externally to the
program and then input as data. The program's representation of the aircraft data is
extensive and includes realistic limits on engine and aircraft operational boundaries and
maximum attainable lift coefficients. The takeoff and climbout flight-path is generated
 by a stepwise integration of the equation of motion. Special features include options for
nonstandard-day operation, for balanced field length, for derated throttle to meet a given
field length for off-loaded aircraft, and for throttle cutback during climbout for
community noise alleviation. Advanced takeoff procedures for noise alleviation such as
programmed throttle and control flaps may beinvestigated with the program. Approach
profiles may incorporate advanced procedures such as two segment approaches and
decelerating approaches. The landing performance considers the application of wheel
brakes, spoilers, and thrust reversers. ( NASA Langley Research Center ) /TOL
31. TOMARS - A rapid, flexible, preliminary Earth-Mars mission-analysis computer
program has been developed. The program computes a conic interplanetary trajectory
approximation, a noncoplanar impulsive deboost maneuver into a closed orbit about the
target planet, and many mission-dependent and mission-independent parameters to allow
examination of the entire flight profile. The input data to the program allows the mission
planner to select launch and arrival dates as well as a specific landing point located in a
scientifically interesting area with proper lighting for any onboard optical equipment.
The orbit about the planet must satisfy constraints such as communication requirements
with the Earth and the necessity for solar cells to be exposed to sunlight for the greater
part of each orbit. The many different problems involved in preliminary mission
analyses present a real task for the flight planner. The program is written for Mars
missions where the spacecraft is placed in an orbit about Mars followed by the
separation of a landing module, but could be adapted for other interplanetary journeys.
Examples of program input and output and sample data analyses are presented for an
Earth-Mars mission during the 1973 launch opportunity. The accuracy of the program is
limited by the use of Keplerian mechanics and impulsive-burn maneuvers rather than
finite burn integrating schemes. However, it is felt that for preliminary mission design,
the order-of-magnitude accuracy involved in the approximations, as compared with an
integrating program, is far outweighed by the several orders of magnitude gained in
computational speed and program flexibility. /TOMARS
32. Thermal Protection System multidimensional heat conduction program (TPS)
The Thermal Protection System (TPS) for the Space Shuttle consists of an outer layer of
rigid surface insulation tiles. It is important that an accurate understanding of the thermal
behavior of this system be obtainedprior to usage. This computer program was
developed to compute the transient temperature history and the steady-state temperatures
of complex body geometries in three dimensions. Emphasis has been placed on the type
of problems associated with the TPS, but the program could be used in the thermal
analysis of most three-dimensional systems.
The thermal model is subdivided into sections, or nodes, to a level of approximation
which yields the desired level of accuracy. Input to the program consists of a
geometrical description of the physical system, the material properties, and selected
boundary conditions. The boundary conditions are used to account for heat flux,
reradiation, radiation interchange, convection, fixed temperatures, and phase changes.
The program will accomodate a thermal model with as many as 500 nodes, 4000
conductors, 3600 radiation interchange conductors, and 75 of each type of boundary
condition. The program solves the differential equations describing the transient and
steady state behavior of the model using finite difference techniques. For the transient
 analysis, the user may select either a forward difference method, a midpoint difference
(Crank-Nicolson) method, a backward difference method, or an alternating direction
method to numerically solve the governing equations. For the steady-state analysis, a
modified backward difference method is available. Program output is in the form of
temperature versus time histories for each section of the thermal model. ( Rockwell
International Corp. ) /TPS
33. V/STOL aircraft sizing and performance (VASCOMP II)
The VASCOMP2 computer program was developed to aid in the comparative design
study of V/STOL aircraft systems by rapidly providing aircraft size and mission
performance data. VASCOMP2 can be used to define design requirements such as
weight breakdown, required propulsive power, and physical dimensions of aircraft
which are to meet specified mission requirements. The program is also useful in
sensitivity studies involving both design trade-offs and performance trade-offs.
Generality and flexibilitywere maintained during formulation of the program in order to
permit an accurate simulation of virtually any V/STOL configuration. VASCOMP2 is
capable of approximating the design process involved in the layout and sizing of a wide
variety of V/STOL aircraft and synthesizing the performance of these aircraft. The
program is intended for use in the study of V/STOL aircraft which use fixed wing lift for
primary cruise flight. The program is not suited for the study of aircraft which employ
rotary wing lift for forward flight. (Boeing Vertol Co.) /VASCOMP

THE CD-ROM
Public Domain Computer Programs for the Aeronautical Engineer is published on a CD-ROM in
ISO 9660 format. It is readable on PC, Macintosh, and UNIX machines. Each program includes
full public domain source code and an executable file for Windows. Intel executables for the
Macintosh OS X and Linux are included for most of the programs. Each program also has a
guide for preparing input and comes with several sample input cases and the corresponding
output to confirm that the program is operating correctly on your machine. Copies of many of the
original documents describing the programs are on the CD-ROM.

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Ralph Carmichael

Public Domain Aeronautical Software

P.O. Box 1438 Santa Cruz CA 95061-1438 USA
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