Intervention Name: Word - Problem Mnemonics
Intervention Name: Word - Problem Mnemonics
Intervention
Name:
Word-‐Problem
Mnemonics
Common
Core
State
Standards
Domain
Areas:
(check
all
that
apply)
– Fractions
Geometry
Functions
Modeling
Thinking
Algebra
(K-‐HS)
(6-‐HS)
(8-‐HS)
(K-‐5)
(K-‐5)
(K-‐5)
(3-‐5)
(6-‐7)
(6-‐8)
(6-‐8)
(HS)
(HS)
(HS)
(K)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Setting:
(check
all
that
apply)
Focus
Area:
(check
all
that
apply)
Whole-‐class
Small-‐group
Individual
Acquisition
Fluency
Generalization
X
X
X
X
X
X
Function
of
Intervention:
The
purpose
of
a
word-‐problem
mnemonic
is
to
provide
students
with
a
framework
for
solving
word
problems.
The
mnemonic
reminds
students
to
work
step-‐by-‐step
through
a
word
problem.
Some
word-‐
problem
mnemonics
can
be
used
for
problem
solving
beyond
basic
word
problems.
Brief
Description:
Mnemonics
are
strategies
and
techniques
that
aid
in
memory
(Mastropieri
&
Scruggs,
1998).
With
a
word-‐problem
mnemonic,
the
mnemonic
helps
students
remember
the
steps
to
solving
a
word
problem.
Often,
the
first
letter
of
each
step
can
be
combined
to
spell
a
word
that
is
easy
to
remember.
Teachers
should
select
one
mnemonic
that
can
be
used
to
solve
(almost
all)
word
problems
at
the
student’s
grade
level.
Some
mnemonics
work
better
for
elementary
students
solving
simple
word
problems,
whereas
other
mnemonics
are
better
for
multi-‐step
word
problems
used
in
middle
or
high
school.
Once
a
teacher
selects
a
mnemonic,
this
mnemonic
should
be
used
throughout
the
year
during
word-‐problem
instruction
and
practice.
Examples
of
word-‐problem
mnemonics*:
CUBES
Circle
the
numbers
Underline
important
words
Box
the
question
Eliminate
unnecessary
information
Solve
and
check
Example
of
CUBES:
This
mnemonic
(CUBES)
can
be
used
with
a
5th
grader
to
organize
information
and
determine
how
to
solve
a
word
problem.
After
the
student
has
learned
each
step
of
the
CUBES
mnemonic
and
can
recall
and
apply
the
mnemonic,
the
student
may
use
the
CUBES
strategy
to
solve
all
grade-‐level
word
problems.
For
example,
this
mnemonic
can
be
applied
to
word
problems
that
require
the
student
to
solve
addition,
subtraction,
multiplication,
and/or
division
problems,
as
well
as
problems
involving
whole
numbers
and/or
fractions.
1
Brief
developed
by
Sarah
R.
Powell,
University
of
Texas
at
Austin,
and
Elizabeth
M.
Hughes,
Duquesne
University
EBI
Network
Mathematics
(ebi.missouri.edu)
RIDE
STAR
Read
the
problem
Search
the
word
problem
Identify
the
relevant
information
Translate
the
problem
Determine
the
operation
and
unit
for
Answer
the
problem
the
answer
Review
the
solution
Enter
the
correct
numbers
and
Maccini
&
Hughes
(2000)
RIDGES
RUN
Read
the
problem
Read
the
problem
I
know
statement
Underline
important
information
Draw
a
picture
Name
the
problem
type
Goal
statement
Fuchs
et
al.
(2008)
Equation
development
Solve
the
equation
SKATE
Survey
and
identify
the
question
DRAW
Keep
and
highlight
important
information
Discover
the
sign
Attempt
to
estimate
an
answer
Read
the
problem
Take
time
to
solve
Answer,
or
draw
and
check
Examine
your
answer
Write
the
answer
*We
provided
citations
when
available.
Many
mnemonics
are
readily
available
from
a
variety
of
sources,
and
it
is
difficult
to
trace
the
origin
of
the
mnemonic.
This
is
not
an
exhaustive
list,
as
there
are
many
more
word-‐problem
mnemonics
available.
2
Brief
developed
by
Sarah
R.
Powell,
University
of
Texas
at
Austin,
and
Elizabeth
M.
Hughes,
Duquesne
University
EBI
Network
Mathematics
(ebi.missouri.edu)
Procedures:
• Duration:
The
time
it
takes
for
students
to
learn
and
practice
the
mnemonic
to
mastery
may
vary.
Explicit
instruction
should
be
used
to
introduce
and
practice
each
mnemonic.
Students
must
know
the
mnemonic
and
be
familiar
with
the
application
prior
to
using
it
independently.
• Teacher
training:
Teachers
can
use
mnemonics
that
have
already
been
created
or
create
their
own.
While
formal
training
is
not
necessary,
it
is
recommended
that
teachers
read
one
of
the
articles
in
the
references.
• Instructional
practices:
With
a
whole
class,
small
group,
or
individual
student,
teachers
explicitly
introduce
the
mnemonic
and
demonstrate
solving
a
word
problem
with
the
mnemonic.
Teachers
should
provide
multiple
examples,
with
different
types
of
word
problems,
and
allow
for
guided
and
independent
practice
with
teacher
feedback.
Visual
cues
may
be
used
in
combination
with
the
mnemonic.
• Monitoring
system:
During
the
learning
process,
teachers
should
ask
students
to
recall
and
apply
the
steps
of
the
mnemonics.
Critical
Components
(i.e.,
that
must
be
implemented
for
intervention
to
be
successful):
The
mnemonic
must
be
easy
for
students
to
remember
and
follow.
Teachers
should
select
one
mnemonic
that
can
be
generalized
and
used
across
word
problems.
Teachers
must
provide
explicit
instruction
on
the
mnemonic
along
with
multiple
opportunities
for
practice.
Critical
Assumptions
(i.e.,
with
respect
to
prerequisite
skills):
Mnemonics
can
be
used
to
solve
word
problems
varying
from
the
simple
to
complex.
The
chosen
mnemonic
should
help
students
organize
word-‐problem
information
for
almost
all
word
problems
at
the
student’s
performance
level.
Word-‐problem
mnemonics
help
the
student
organize
information
to
solve
the
problem;
however,
students
must
have
the
prior
knowledge
and
skills
necessary
to
perform
the
computations
required
in
the
word
problem.
Materials:
Visual
image
of
mnemonic
Fuchs,
L.
S.,
Seethaler,
P.
M.,
Powell,
S.
R.,
Fuchs,
D.,
Hamlett,
C.
L.,
&
Fletcher,
J.
M.
(2008).
Effects
of
preventative
tutoring
on
the
mathematical
problem
solving
of
third-‐grade
students
with
math
and
reading
difficulties.
Exceptional
Children,
74,
155-‐173.
Maccini,
P.,
&
Hughes,
C.
A.
(2000).
Effects
of
a
problem-‐solving
strategy
on
the
introductory
algebra
performance
of
secondary
students
with
learning
disabilities.
Learning
Disabilities
Research
and
Practice,
15,
10-‐21.
Mastropieri,
M.
A.,
&
Scruggs,
T.
E.
(1998).
Enhancing
school
success
with
mnemonic
strategies.
Intervention
in
School
and
Clinic,
33,
201-‐208.
Montague,
M.,
Enders,
C.,
&
Dietz,
S.
(2011).
Effects
of
cognitive
strategy
instruction
on
math
problem
solving
of
middle
school
students
with
learning
disabilities.
Learning
Disability
Quarterly,
34,
262-‐272.
doi:10.1177/0731948711421762
3 Brief developed by Sarah R. Powell, University of Texas at Austin, and Elizabeth M. Hughes, Duquesne University