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Intervention Name: Word - Problem Mnemonics

This document describes the word-problem mnemonics intervention. Word-problem mnemonics provide students with a framework for solving word problems by reminding them to work through problems step-by-step. Mnemonics are memory strategies that use an easy to remember word or phrase to stand for a series of steps. With a word-problem mnemonic, the first letter of each step combines to spell a word to help students remember the problem solving process. Teachers should select one mnemonic to use consistently across grade levels and subject areas.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
430 views3 pages

Intervention Name: Word - Problem Mnemonics

This document describes the word-problem mnemonics intervention. Word-problem mnemonics provide students with a framework for solving word problems by reminding them to work through problems step-by-step. Mnemonics are memory strategies that use an easy to remember word or phrase to stand for a series of steps. With a word-problem mnemonic, the first letter of each step combines to spell a word to help students remember the problem solving process. Teachers should select one mnemonic to use consistently across grade levels and subject areas.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EBI

 Network  Mathematics  (ebi.missouri.edu)  

Intervention  Name:  
Word-­‐Problem  Mnemonics  
Common  Core  State  Standards  Domain  Areas:  (check  all  that  apply)  

Expressions  and  Equations  


Operations  and  Algebraic  

Numbers  and  Operations  

Numbers  and  Operations  


Counting  and  Cardinality  

Statistics  and  Probability  


Measurement  and  Data  

Ratios  and  Proportional  

Number  and  Quantity  


The  Number  System    
Relationships    
in  Base  Ten    

–  Fractions    

Geometry    

Functions    

Modeling    
Thinking    

Algebra    
(K-­‐HS)  

(6-­‐HS)  

(8-­‐HS)  
(K-­‐5)  

(K-­‐5)  

(K-­‐5)  
(3-­‐5)  

(6-­‐7)  

(6-­‐8)  

(6-­‐8)  

(HS)  

(HS)  

(HS)  
(K)  

  X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X   X  
Setting:  (check  all  that  apply)   Focus  Area:  (check  all  that  apply)  
Whole-­‐class   Small-­‐group   Individual   Acquisition   Fluency   Generalization  
X   X   X   X   X   X  
Function  of  Intervention:  The  purpose  of  a  word-­‐problem  mnemonic  is  to  provide  students  with  a  framework  for  
solving  word  problems.  The  mnemonic  reminds  students  to  work  step-­‐by-­‐step  through  a  word  problem.  Some  word-­‐
problem  mnemonics  can  be  used  for  problem  solving  beyond  basic  word  problems.  
Brief  Description:  Mnemonics  are  strategies  and  techniques  that  aid  in  memory  (Mastropieri  &  Scruggs,  1998).  With  a  
word-­‐problem  mnemonic,  the  mnemonic  helps  students  remember  the  steps  to  solving  a  word  problem.  Often,  the  
first  letter  of  each  step  can  be  combined  to  spell  a  word  that  is  easy  to  remember.    
 
Teachers  should  select  one  mnemonic  that  can  be  used  to  solve  (almost  all)  word  problems  at  the  student’s  grade  
level.  Some  mnemonics  work  better  for  elementary  students  solving  simple  word  problems,  whereas  other  mnemonics  
are  better  for  multi-­‐step  word  problems  used  in  middle  or  high  school.  Once  a  teacher  selects  a  mnemonic,  this  
mnemonic  should  be  used  throughout  the  year  during  word-­‐problem  instruction  and  practice.  
 
Examples  of  word-­‐problem  mnemonics*:  
 
 
  CUBES  
  Circle  the  numbers  
 
  Underline  important  words  
  Box  the  question  
 
 
Eliminate  unnecessary  information  
  Solve  and  check  
 
 
Example  of  CUBES:  This  mnemonic  (CUBES)  can  be  used  with  a  5th  grader  to  organize  information  and  determine  how  
to  solve  a  word  problem.  After  the  student  has  learned  each  step  of  the  CUBES  mnemonic  and  can  recall  and  apply  the  
mnemonic,  the  student  may  use  the  CUBES  strategy  to  solve  all  grade-­‐level  word  problems.  For  example,  this  
mnemonic  can  be  applied  to  word  problems  that  require  the  student  to  solve  addition,  subtraction,  multiplication,  
and/or  division  problems,  as  well  as  problems  involving  whole  numbers  and/or  fractions.  
 
 
 

1   Brief  developed  by  Sarah  R.  Powell,  University  of  Texas  at  Austin,  and  Elizabeth  M.  Hughes,  Duquesne  University  
EBI  Network  Mathematics  (ebi.missouri.edu)  
 
RIDE   STAR    
 
Read  the  problem   Search  the  word  problem    
Identify  the  relevant  information   Translate  the  problem    
 
Determine  the  operation  and  unit  for     Answer  the  problem    
       the  answer   Review  the  solution    
 
Enter  the  correct  numbers  and     Maccini  &  Hughes  (2000)  

       calculate,  then  check  the  answer    


 
Read  
  Paraphrase  
 
SOLVE   Visualize  
 
  Study  the  problem   Hypothesize  
  Organize  the  facts   Estimate  
 
  Line  up  the  plan   Compute  
Verify  the  plan  with  computation   Check  
Montague  et  al.  (2011)  
Examine  the  answer    

RIDGES   RUN  
Read  the  problem   Read  the  problem  
I  know  statement   Underline  important  information  
Draw  a  picture   Name  the  problem  type  
Goal  statement   Fuchs  et  al.  (2008)  

Equation  development    
Solve  the  equation  
SKATE  
Survey  and  identify  the  question  
DRAW   Keep  and  highlight  important  information  
Discover  the  sign   Attempt  to  estimate  an  answer  
Read  the  problem   Take  time  to  solve  
Answer,  or  draw  and  check   Examine  your  answer    
Write  the  answer  

*We  provided  citations  when  available.  Many  mnemonics  are  readily  available  from  a  variety  of  sources,  and  it  is  difficult  to  trace  
the  origin  of  the  mnemonic.  This  is  not  an  exhaustive  list,  as  there  are  many  more  word-­‐problem  mnemonics  available.

2   Brief  developed  by  Sarah  R.  Powell,  University  of  Texas  at  Austin,  and  Elizabeth  M.  Hughes,  Duquesne  University  
EBI  Network  Mathematics  (ebi.missouri.edu)  
Procedures:  
• Duration:  The  time  it  takes  for  students  to  learn  and  practice  the  mnemonic  to  mastery  may  vary.  Explicit  
instruction  should  be  used  to  introduce  and  practice  each  mnemonic.  Students  must  know  the  mnemonic  and  
be  familiar  with  the  application  prior  to  using  it  independently.  
• Teacher  training:  Teachers  can  use  mnemonics  that  have  already  been  created  or  create  their  own.  While  
formal  training  is  not  necessary,  it  is  recommended  that  teachers  read  one  of  the  articles  in  the  references.  
• Instructional  practices:  With  a  whole  class,  small  group,  or  individual  student,  teachers  explicitly  introduce  the  
mnemonic  and  demonstrate  solving  a  word  problem  with  the  mnemonic.  Teachers  should  provide  multiple  
examples,  with  different  types  of  word  problems,  and  allow  for  guided  and  independent  practice  with  teacher  
feedback.  Visual  cues  may  be  used  in  combination  with  the  mnemonic.    
• Monitoring  system:  During  the  learning  process,  teachers  should  ask  students  to  recall  and  apply  the  steps  of  
the  mnemonics.    
Critical  Components  (i.e.,  that  must  be  implemented  for  intervention  to  be  successful):  The  mnemonic  must  be  easy  
for  students  to  remember  and  follow.  Teachers  should  select  one  mnemonic  that  can  be  generalized  and  used  across  
word  problems.    Teachers  must  provide  explicit  instruction  on  the  mnemonic  along  with  multiple  opportunities  for  
practice.  
Critical  Assumptions  (i.e.,  with  respect  to  prerequisite  skills):  Mnemonics  can  be  used  to  solve  word  problems  varying  
from  the  simple  to  complex.  The  chosen  mnemonic  should  help  students  organize  word-­‐problem  information  for  
almost  all  word  problems  at  the  student’s  performance  level.    Word-­‐problem  mnemonics  help  the  student  organize  
information  to  solve  the  problem;  however,  students  must  have  the  prior  knowledge  and  skills  necessary  to  perform  
the  computations  required  in  the  word  problem.  
Materials:    
Visual  image  of  mnemonic  
Fuchs,  L.  S.,  Seethaler,  P.  M.,  Powell,  S.  R.,  Fuchs,  D.,  Hamlett,  C.  L.,  &  Fletcher,  J.  M.  (2008).  Effects  of  preventative  
tutoring  on  the  mathematical  problem  solving  of  third-­‐grade  students  with  math  and  reading  difficulties.  
Exceptional  Children,  74,  155-­‐173.  
Maccini,  P.,  &  Hughes,  C.  A.  (2000).  Effects  of  a  problem-­‐solving  strategy  on  the  introductory  algebra  performance  of        
secondary  students  with  learning  disabilities.  Learning  Disabilities  Research  and  Practice,  15,  10-­‐21.  
Mastropieri,  M.  A.,  &  Scruggs,  T.  E.  (1998).  Enhancing  school  success  with  mnemonic  strategies.  Intervention  in  School  
and  Clinic,  33,  201-­‐208.    
Montague,  M.,  Enders,  C.,  &  Dietz,  S.  (2011).  Effects  of  cognitive  strategy  instruction  on  math  problem  solving  of  
middle  school  students  with  learning  disabilities.  Learning  Disability  Quarterly,  34,  262-­‐272.  
doi:10.1177/0731948711421762  
 
 
 

3   Brief  developed  by  Sarah  R.  Powell,  University  of  Texas  at  Austin,  and  Elizabeth  M.  Hughes,  Duquesne  University  

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