SOME BASIC CONCEPT OF CHEMISTRY

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. For a given mixture of NaHCO3 and Na2CO3, volume of a
given HCl required is x ml with phenolphthalein indicator and
further y ml required with methyl orange indicator. Hence
volume of HCl for complete reaction of original NaHCO3 is
x
(a) 2x (b)
2

(c) y (d) (y x)

Explanation: (d) Using phenolphthalein,
Na2CO3 + HCl  NaHCO3 + NaCl
1 M(say)
NaHCO3 + HCl  No reaction
Milliequivalents of Na2CO3 = Milliequivalents of HCl = x
Using methyl orange,
NaHCO3+ HCl NaCl + CO2 + H2O
Milliequivalents of NaHCO3 (from Na2CO3) + Milliequivalents
of NaHCO3(original mixture) = y.
or x + Milliequivalents of NaHCO3 (original mixture) = y
Milliequivalents of NaHCO3 (original mixture) = (y x)
 Volume of HCl required = (y x)ml.

2. A mixed solution of potassium hydroxide and sodium

carbonate required 15 mL of a N/20 HCl solution when titrated
with phenolphthalein as an indicator. But the same amount of
1
the solution when titrated with methyl orange as an indicator
required 25 mL of the same acid. Calculate the amount of KOH
present in the solution.
(a) 0.014 g (b) 0.24 g
(c) 0.038 g (d) 5.4 g
Explanation: (a)
With phenolphthalein, n  n KOH = 0.75 × 10–3 …(1)
Na 2 CO3

With methyl orange, n KOH  2n Na 2 CO3 = 1.25 × 10–3 …(2)

From (1) and (2) nKOH = 0.25 × 103
Amount of KOH = 0.25 × 103 × 56 = 0.014 g.

3. A bottle, which contains 200 ml of 0.1 M KOH, absorbs 1

millimole of CO2 from the air. If the solution is then treated with
standard acid using phenolphthalein indicator, the normality will
be
(a) 0.095 N (b) 0.5 N
(c) 0.3 N (d) 0.046 N
Explanation: (a)
2KOH + CO2 K2CO3 + H2O
m. mol 20 1 0
18 – 1
milli equivalent of acid = milli equivalent of K2CO3 +
milli equivalent of KOH = 1 + 18 = 19
mill equivalent 19
N=   0.095 N.
V(ml) 200

2
4. For the reaction,
1
M x   MnO 4 
 MO 3  Mn  2  O2
2

if one mole of MnO oxidizes 1.67 moles of M+x to


4 MO 3 , then the
value of x in the metal ion is
(a) 2 (b) 7
(c) 6 (d) 3
Explanation: (a)
Number of equivalent of MnO4–
= number of equivalent of Mx+
1 × 5 = 1.67 × n.f. n.f. = 5 – x
5
5 x   2.994
1.67
x = 2.

5. 25 ml of a solution containing HCl and H2SO4 required 10

ml of a 1 N NaOH solution for neutralization. 20 ml of the same
acid mixture on being treated with an excess of AgNO3 gives
0.1435 g of AgCl. The normality of the HCl and the normality
of the H2SO4 are respectively
(a) 0.60 N and 0.05 N (b) 0.06 N and 0.25 N
(c) 0.05 N and 0.35 N (d) 0.30 N and 0.7 N
Explanation: (b)
Meq. HCl +Meq. H2SO4 = Meq. of NaOH
N1 × 25 + N2 × 25 = 10 × 1
HCl + AgNO3 AgCl + HNO3
20 × N1 excess 0.1435 g
3
 Meq. of HCl = Meq of AgCl
20 × N1 = 0.1435 1000
143.5
1
N1 = = 0.05 N
20
10  1.25
N2 = = 0.35 N.
25

6. 12.53 ml of 0.0509 M SeO2 reacted with 25.52 ml 0.1 M

CrSO4 solution. In the reaction Cr2+ was oxidized to Cr3+. To
what oxidation state selenium was converted in the reaction?
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 3
Explanation: (a)

7. 8.7 gm of pure MnO2 is heated with an excess of HCl and

the gas evolved is passed into a solution of KI. The amount of I2
liberated is
(a) 0.6 mole (b) 45.4 gm
(c) 25.4 gm (d) 9.7 gm
Explanation: (b)
MnO2 + 4HCl  MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O
Cl2 + 2KI  I2 + 2 KCl
8.7
Moles of MnO2 =  0.1
87
Moles of Cl2 = 0.1
Moles of I2 = 0.1
Mass of I2 = 0.1  254 = 25.4 gm.
4
8. Equivalent weight of HNO3 in following reaction,
Cu + 8HNO3 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O is
63 73
(a) (b)
3 5
63
(c) 4 x (d) 43
3
Explanation: (a)
From the given balanced equation, this is clear that only two
moles of NO 3 undergo change in oxidation state while six moles
remain in same oxidation state.
2HNO3 + 6H+ + 6e 2NO + 4H2O
Total 8 moles of HNO3 exchange 6 moles of electrons.
1 mole of HNO3 exchange 6 or 3 mole of electron
8 4

 nfactor of HNO3 = 3 .
4
63
Equivalent weight of HNO3 = .
3/4

9. KIO3 is treated with excess of KI in acid medium. The

liberated I2 is titrated by V ml of x(M) Na2S2O3. The number
of equivalents of KIO3 in the solution is
(a) Vx  2 (b) Vx 2

1000 1000 3
Vx 5 Vx
(c)  (d) 8
1000 6 1000

Explanation: (c)
IO  5I  H  3I2 + H2O

3
 

I2 + S 2 O 32  I + S 4 O 62

5
 Vx
Number of equivalent of I2 reacting with S 2 O 32 =
1000

 Number of moles of I2 = Vx
1
1000 2

Number of moles of IO 3 = Vx
1 1
1000 3 2
 Vx 5 
 Number of equivalent of IO 3 = 1000  6  .
 

10. 2 moles of FeSO4 are oxidised by x moles of KMnO4 is acid

medium into ferric sulphate.
3 moles of ferric oxalate are oxidised by y moles of K2Cr2O7 in
acid medium. The value of (x/y) is
(a) 6/5 (b) 2/15
(c) 18/5 (d) 3/5
Explanation: (b)
2 × n-factor of Fe+2 = x × n-factor of KMnO4
3 × n-factor of Fe2 (C2O4)3 = y × n-factor of K2Cr2O7
2×1=x×5 x= 2
5
x 2
3×6=y×6 y=3  .
y 15

11. 5 × 10–5 moles of KMnO4 in acidic medium is completely

consumed to oxidise 5 × 10–5 moles of Xn+ into XO4 , then what is
the value of n?
(a) 3 (b) 4
(c) 5 (d) 2
Explanation: (d)

6
Equivalent of KMnO4 = Equivalent of X+n, 5 × 10–5 × 5
= 5 ×10–5 × (y) where y is the change in oxidation number of X;
 y = 5, so n = 2.

12. A sample of 1.0 g of solid Fe2O3 of 80% purity is dissolved

in a moderately concentrated HCl solution which is reduced by
zinc dust. The resulting solution required 16.7 ml of a 0.1 M
solution of the oxidant. Calculate the number of electrons taken
up by the oxidant (the atomic weights of Fe and O are 56 and 16
respectively)
(a) 4 (b) 6
(c) 7 (d) 9
Explanation: (b)
Weight of pure Fe2O3 = 1 × 80  0.8 g
100

Fe2O3 + 6HCl  2FeCl3 + 3H2O

FeCl3 + H2  FeCl2 + HCl
Zn dust

Fe+2 + oxidant  Fe+3 + reductant

molecular. weight 160
Equivalent weight of Fe2O3 =   80 g
2 2
Milliequivalents of Fe2O3 = Milliequivalents of oxidants.
 10  16.7 × 0.1 (x)  x = 6
0 .8 3

80

Where, x is the number of electrons taken by oxidant.

7
13. 3 mol of a mixture of FeSO4 and Fe2(SO4)3 required 100 ml
of 2 M KMnO4 solution in acidic medium. Hence the mole
fraction of FeSO4 in the mixture is
(a) 2/3 (b) 1/3
(c) 2/7 (d) 4/5
Explanation: (b)
Equivalents of FeSO4 = Equivalents of KMnO4
= 100  103 2  5 = 1
 Moles of FeSO4 = 1 ( n FeSO4
 1)

 Mole fraction of FeSO4 in the mixture = 1 .

3

14. The equivalent weight of an element is 15. It forms an acidic

oxide; with potassium hydroxide it forms a salt isomorphous
with K2SO4. The atomic weight of the element would be
(a) 70 (b) 23.16
(c) 90 (d) 62.64
(Isomorphous salts have same molecular formula and same
crystal structure)
Explanation: (c)
As the acidic oxide forms a salt isomorphous with K2SO4, hence
the oxide is similar to SO3. Thus, the valency of the element in
oxide is also same as that of S in SO3.
Atomic weight = Equivalent weight × Valency
= 15 × 6 = 90.

8
 
15. In the given reaction, FeC2O4 + KMnO4 H Fe3+ + CO2 +
Mn2+ if the equivalents of
Fe3+ are ‘a’, then equivalents of FeC2O4 will be
(a) 3a (b) 7a
(c) 2a (d) 8a
Explanation: (c)
FeC2O4 Fe3+ + 2CO2
Eq. of Fe 3 1 a
= =
Eq. of CO 2 2 Eq. of CO 2

Eq. of CO2 = 2a
Eq. of FeC2O4 = Eq. of Fe + Eq. of CO2
= a + 2a
= 3a.

16. What volume of H2S gas measured at 1.0 atm and 0°C is
produced when 16.6 g of KI reacts with excess of H2SO4?
KI + H2SO4 K2SO4 + I2 + H2S + H2O
(a) 280 ml (b) 590 ml
(c) 780 ml (d) 180 ml
Explanation: (a)
Moles of KI reacted = 16.6 = 0.1
166

Equivalents of KI reacted = 0.1 [ nfactor of KI = 1]

 Equivalents of H2S formed = 0.1
0 .1
Moles of H2S formed = [ nfactor of H2S = 8]
8

9
 0. 1
Volume of H2S at 1.0 atm and 0°C =  22400ml = 280
8
ml.

17. 28 g N2 and 6 g H2 were mixed. At equilibrium 17 g NH3

was formed. The weight of N2 and H2 at equilibrium are
respectively.
(a) 14 g, 3 g (b) 3 g, 1 g
(c) 14 g, 7 g (d) 11 g, 1 g

Explanation: (d)
N2 + 3H2 2NH3
Moles of t = 0 1 3 0
Moles at equilib. (1 x) (3 3x) 2x
Given that 2x = 1 x = ½
Moles of N2 at equilibrium = 1  1 = 1 .
2 2
1
Mass of N2 at equilibrium =  28 = 14 gm.
2
3
Moles of H2 at equilibrium =
2
3
Mass of H2 at equilibrium = 2 = 3 gm.
2

10
18. ‘a’ g KHC2O4 required to reduce 100 mL of 0.02 M KMnO4
in acid medium and ‘b’ g KHC2O4neutralises 100 mL of 0.05 M
Ca(OH)2 then
(a) a = 2b (b) 2a =9 b
(c) 7a = 2b (d) 3a =7 b
Explanation : (b)
The reaction of KHC2O4 and KMnO4 is –
+3 1 +4

KHC 2 O 4  MnO 4 H CO 2  Mn  2  H 2 O
n2 n 5

As, the MnO is the oxidizing agent here.
4

So, equivalent of KHC2O4 = equivalents of MnO 4

a
 0.1 0.02  5 …(1)
Eq . wt . of KHC 2 O 4

Now, the reaction of KHC2O4 with Ca(OH)2 is a neutralization

reaction
COOH COO– OOC
+2
–

Ca(OH)2 + Ca
+ 2 COOK KOOC
COOK
n=2
n=1 + 2H2O
So, no. of equivalents of KHC2O4 = no. of equivalents of
Ca(OH)2.
 eq . of Ca OH 2
b
Eq .wt . of KH C 2 O 4
b
 0.1 0.05 2 …(2)
Eq .wt . of KHC 2 O 4

If the molecular wt. of KHC2O4 is M. then in equation (1)

M
Eq. wt. of KHC2O4 =
2

11
 M
and in eq. (2) the eq. wt. of KHC2O4 =
1
So, by dividing (1) by (2) we get
a
M
2  0.1 0.02  5
b 0.1 0.05 2
M
1
2a = b

19. 28 NO  3As S  4 H O  6 AsO  28 NO 9SO  8 H


3 2 3 2
3
4
2
4


What will be the equivalent mass of As2S3 in above reaction?

(a) M . wt . (b) M . wt .
2 4
M . wt . M . wt .
(c) (d)
24 28

Explanation: (d)
The given equation is –
2
+3
28 NO 3 + 3As2S3 + 4H2O  6AsO 4 3 + 28NO + 9SO 4 2 … + 8H+
+5

2 8 +6

n factor of As2S3 = 2 × 2 + 8 × 3 = 28.

Both As and S have been oxidised.
 Equivalent wt. of As2S3 = M . wt .
28

12
20. Equivalent mass of H3PO2 when it disproportionates into
PH3 and H3PO3 is
(Molecular mass = M):
(a) 3M (b) 5M
2
3M 7M
(c) (d)
4 4

Explanation: (c)
1 3
4e  P  P
1 3
[ P  P  2e ]  2
1 3 3
.
3P  2 P P
So, the total electrons lost or gained is 4 for 3 moles of H3PO2 so
n factor = 4 .
3
M 3M
So, eq. wt.   .
4/3 4

INTEGER TYPE QUESTIONS

21. 10 ml of a gaseous hydrocarbon were burnt completely in
80 ml of O2 at N.T.P. The remaining gas occupied 70 ml at
N.T.P. This volume becomes 50 ml on treatment with KOH
solution. What is the empirical formula weight of hydrocarbon?
Explanation:
Let the molecular formula of hydrocarbon be CxHy.
CxHy + (x + y/4)O2xCO2 + y/2 H2O.
Volume reacted 10 ml 10(x + y/4)  
Volume produced 10x = 20 10x negligible
x = 2.
Since, the remaining gas occupied 70 ml,
13
  Total volume left = 70 = VO 2 + VCO 2

where VO 2 = volume of oxygen left and VCO 2 = Volume of

CO2 produced.
 VO = 70  20 = 50 ml.
2

80  10(x + y/4) = 50
x + y/4 =3
y/4 =1
y = 4.
So, formula is C2H4.
Thus, empirical formula of the hydrocarbon is CH2 and its
empirical formula weight is 14.

22. A solution is containing 2.52 g litre1 of a reductant. 25 ml

of this solution required 20 ml of 0.01 M KMnO4 in acid
medium for oxidation. Find the molecular weight of reductant.
Given that each of the two atoms which undergo oxidation per
molecule of reductant, show an increase in oxidation state by
one unit.
Explanation:
Meq. of reductant in 25 ml = Meq. of KMnO4
= 20 × 0.01 × 5
Meq. of reductant in 1 litre = 20 × 0.01 × 5 × 40 = 40.
Reductant shows the change A 2 a  2A+b + 2e
 Equivalent weight of reductant = Molecular weight
2

14
Meq. of reductant = 40
 w
 1000 = 40  2.52  2  1000 = 40 ; M = 126.
M/2 M

23. 1 gm of impure Na2CO3 is dissolved in water and solution

made up to 250 ml. To 50 ml of this solution, 50 ml of 0.1 N
HCl is added and mixture after shaking well, required 10 ml of
0.16 N NaOH solution for complete neutralization. Calculate %
purity of sample of Na2CO3.
Explanation:
Let x gm be the weight of pure Na2CO3 in the sample.
x
Number of equivalents of Na2CO3 =
53
x / 53  x 
Number of equivalents of Na2CO3 in 50 ml =  50 =  
250  265 

Total meq. of HCl = 50  0.1 = 5

Meq. of HCl used by NaOH = 10  0.16 = 1.6
Meq. of HCl used by Na2CO3 = 5  1.6 = 3.4
 x
= 3.4  103 ;x = 0.901 g
265

% purity of Na2CO3 = 0.901  100 = 90.1%.

1

24. To a 25 mL H2O2 solution, excess of acidified solution of

potassium iodide was added.
The iodine liberated required 20 mL of 0.3 N sodium
thiosulphate solution. Calculate the volume strength of H2O2
solution. Express your answer in millilitre.
15
Explanation:
2KI + H2SO4 + H2O2 K2SO4 +2H2O + I2
2Na2S2O3 + I2 Na2S4O6 + 2NaI
Meq of Na2S2O3 = 20 × 0.3 = 6
Meq of Na2S2O3Meq of I2 = 6
Meq of I2 Meq of H2O2 = 6
Wt. of H2O2 = Meq × Eq. wt. ×10–3 = 6 × 17 × 10–3 = 0.102 g
 34 
 Eq. wt . of H 2 O 2   17 
 2 
0.102  1000
Strength of H2O2 =  4.08 g/Litre
25
4.08g / L
Molarity of H2O2 = = 0.12 M
Mol. wt . (34)

2H2O2 2H2O + O2
2 Moles 1 Mole
 0.12 Moles 0.06 Mole
Volume of O2 at STP = 0.06 × 22.4 Litre = 1.344 Litre
Hence, the volume strength of H2O2 = 1.344 Litre =1344 ml.

25. 0.56 gm sample of lime stone is dissolved and all Ca is

precipitated as CaC2O4. These required 40 mL of 0.25 N
KMnO4 solution in acidic medium. Find the percentage of CaO
in the lime stone.
Explanation:
Meq. of KMnO4= 40 × 0.25 = 10
Meq. of CaO = 10
gm eq. of CaO = 10  10  1
3

100
16
 1 56
Mass of CaO =   0.28 gm
100 2
0.28
% of CaO =  100  50%
0.56

26. A definite amount of impure sample of P4O6 is treated with

20ml of X (M) KMnO4 in acidic medium to produce H3PO4 and
MnCl2. 20 ml of same KMnO4 on treatment with 0.2 M FeSO4
requires exactly 10 ml of FeSO4 solution. What is the amount of
pure P4O6. If 0.1 g sample is taken calculate % purity of P4O6.
Explanation:
Mn+7 + 5e  Mn2+ (acidic medium)
P4O6 + KMnO4 H3PO4 + MnCl2
Meq of KMnO4 = Meq of P4O6
Meq of KMnO4 = 10  0.2  1
or, 20  5 × X = 10  0.2  1
or, X = 0.02 M
 W
 8  1000  20  0.02  5
220
W = 0.055 gm
% purity of P4O6 = 55%.

27. 1 gm of impure Na2CO3 is dissolved in water and the

solution is made upto 250 ml. To 50 ml of this made up solution,
50 ml of 0.1 N HCl is added and the mixture after shaking well,
required 10 ml of 0.16 N NaOH solution for complete

17
neutralization. Calculate % purity of the sample of Na2CO3.
(Express your answer to the nearest whole number).
Explanation:
Meq of HCl = 50 × 0.1 = 5
Meq of NaOH = 10 × 0.16 = 1.6
Meq of HCl = Meq of Na2CO3 + Meq of NaOH
Meq of Na2CO3 in 50 ml solution = 5 – 1.6 = 3.4
 In 250 ml Meq of Na2CO3 = (3.4 × 250) / 50 = 17
W
 2  1000  17
106
W = 0.901 gm
% purity = 0.901  100  90.1 ~ 90%.
1

28. 1.5 g of a sample of ammonium sulphate was boiled with

excess of NaOH solution. Evolved NH3 was passed in 100 mL
H2SO4. The partially neutralized acid required 160 mL N/2
NaOH for complete neutralization. Calculate % purity of
ammonium sulphate ample.
Explanation:
(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4  NaOH
 1.5 g  NH 3
 Impurity  
100 mL NH2SO 4

160 mL N / 2 NaOH

160 mL N/2 NaOH = 80 mL N NaOH 80 mL NH2SO4

 Consumed acid = 100 – 80 = 20 mL N H2SO4
2 NH 3  H 2SO 4  ( NH 4 )SO 4
2  17 2000 mL N

18
 ( NH 4 ) 2 SO 4  2 NaOH  Na 2SO 4  2 NH 3  2H 2O
132 2  17

2000 mL N H2SO4 2 × 17 g NH3 132 g (NH4)2SO4

20 mL NH2SO4 132 20 = 1.32 g (NH4)2SO4
2000
1.32
% (NH4)2SO4 = 100 = 88.
1.5

29. A sample of CaCO3 and MgCO3 weighing 2.21 g is ignited

to constant weight of 1.152 g. What is the volume of CO2 gas
evolved in milliliter at 0°C and 76 cm of Hg pressure?
(Atomic mass: C = 12, O = 16, Mg = 24, Ca = 40)
Explanation:
CaCO3CaO + CO2
ag
MgCO3 MgO + CO2
bg
 a + b = 2.21 ….(i)
 100 g CaCO3 gives = 56 g CaO
 a g CaCO3 gives = 56 a
g CaO
100

Similarly,
 84 g MgCO3 gives = 40 g MgO
 b g MgCO3 gives = 40 b
g MgO
84

 Weight of CaO + weight of MgO = 56a 40b

 = weight of
100 84

residue

19
 56a  40b = 1.152 ….(ii)
100 84

Solving equations (i) and (ii),

a = 1.19 g
b = 1.02 g
 Mole of CO2 formed = mole of CaCO3 + mole of MgCO3
1.19 1.02
=  = 0.0119 + 0.0122 = 0.0241
100 84

Volume of CO2 at NTP = 0.0241  22400 = 539.8 mL ~ 540

mL.

30. 20 ml solution of HIO3 is reacted with excess of an aqueous

solution of SO2. The excess of SO2 and I2 formed are removed
by heating the solution. The remaining solution in neutralized by
35.5 ml of 0.16 (N) NaOH solution. Calculate the strength of
HIO3 in gm/lt.
(Round off the answer to the nearest whole number)
Explanation:
20 N = 35.5  0.16
HIO3

35.5  0.16
 N HIO 3   0.284 ( N)
20

N factor of HIO3 = 5
Mass of HIO3  0.284  176 = 10 gm/lt.
5

20