CATALOGUE

STANDARD TRANSDUCERS
AND HYDROPHONES

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 2011©RESON

1 1
www.reson.com
 Table of contents

Introduction

Contents and Scope of this Catalogue.......................................... 3
Calibration method......................................................................... 4
Interpretation of calibration plots.................................................... 5
Company background.................................................................... 5
Warrenty......................................................................................... 6
Technical service........................................................................... 6

Transducers & Hydrophones Overviews

Application Reference List (Table I)............................................... 7

Short Form Specifications (Table II)............................................... 8

Transducers & Hydrophone Specifications,
Typical Beam Patterns and Curves

Serie 1000 - Low Frequency Transducers..................................... 11

Serie 2000 - Echosounder Transducers........................................ 15
Serie 3000 - High Frequency Transducers.................................... 25
Serie 4000 - Hydrophones............................................................. 29

Accessories Specifications

Hydrophone Accessories............................................................... 57
Diagram on Accessories................................................................ 73
Cable Guide................................................................................... 74
Cables and Accessories................................................................. 75

Basic Acoustics

Electro-Acoustic Properties............................................................ 78
Electro-Acoustic Equations............................................................ 79
Definitions, References and Decibels............................................ 80
Underwater Sound......................................................................... 81
Beam Patterns and Directivity....................................................... 82
Underwater Sound Transmission.................................................. 83
Sound pressure Levels.................................................................. 85

This catalogue is for informational purposes only. RESON assumes no liability whatsoever for designs and applications or other
uses based solely upon information, specifications and formulae shown in this catalogue.

Version CAT13999-1

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 201©RESON

2
www.reson.com
 Introduction
CONTENTS AND SCOPE OF THIS CATALOGUE

Thank you for your interest in RESON transducers and Table I

hydrophones. This catalogue presents our line of stan- Applications reference list, page 7.
dard transducers and hydrophones for use in underwa-
ter acoustics. The transducers fall within the following Table II
main categories: Short form specifications for transducers and hydro-
phones, page 9.
1000 series
Hemispherical, broad band. Typical applications are for In the Short Form Specifications, the following terms
Transponders, Pingers and Acoustic Telemetry. and abbreviations are used for general categorisation of
RESON transducers:
2000 series
Directional low/mid frequencies. Typical applications are Type:
for Echosounders and Side Scan Systems. The transducers are categorised according to their gen-
eral function as hydrophones and/or projectors.
3000 series
Directional, high frequency. Typical applications are for Hydro:
Sound Velocity Probes, NDT. The transducer may be used as a passive hydrophone,
(i.e. sound receiver in liquid).
4000 series
Omnidirectional. Typical applications are for Reference Proj:
Hydrophones, Reference Projectors, Sonar Arrays and The transducer may be used as a projector, (i.e. sound
Positioning Systems. source in liquid).

Our catalogue has been designed to facilitate your Frequency:

choice of relevant transducers for your application Catagorisation according to the serial resonant fre-
needs in a quick and straight-forward manner. Detailed quency of the transducers or, for the 4000 series, the
specifications will be found in Section 3 and 4 of this maximum usable frequency.
catalogue, while a quick guide is presented in the
following overviews and entries: Depth:
While RESON transducers are survival tested to greater
depths, the figures quoted are maximum operating
depths in meters.

Beam pattern:
The beam patterns or directional response of the
transducers are shown according to the categories
below. Where applicable, opening angles are quoted
as -3dB angles in degrees at the resonant frequency of
the transducers (or at the stated frequency of the 4000
series).

Conical:
Transducers with conical beam patterns possess open-
ing angles as shown in the vertical directional response
column.
RESON main office in Denmark
Omni/Hemi:
Transducers in this category have omnidirectional or
hemispherical beam patterns.

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 2011©RESON

3 3
www.reson.com
 Introduction
CALIBRATION METHOD

Narrow: RESON’s acoustic test facility is a completely

Transducers in this category have an opening angle integrated package to document all acoustic products
of less than 10° in either the horizontal or the vertical in the frequency range 3kHz to 5MHz. It includes an ad-
plane. vanced report generator for: Directional response plots,
Transmitting/Receiving response plots, Impe-dance/
Horiz.: Admittance plots plus Reciprocity Calibration. The test
Figures in this column are horizontal opening angles for facility further encompasses high pressure tanks with
transducers which do not have a conical beam pattern. pressure ranges up to 700 bar.

Vert.: The standard calibration method using a reference is

Figures in this column are vertical opening angles for all performed on virtually all of the transducers and hydro-
transducers including those with conical beam patterns. phones in this catalogue. The reference hydrophones
used in the standard calibration method have all been
Power: reciprocity calibrated. In this method three hydrophones
In general, values quoted are maximum electrical power are set up equidistant from each other and are mea-
loads in Watts with a duty cycle of max. 1% at the reso- sured. This method is available on all our of standard
nant frequency. However, for hydrophones which can reference hydrophones as an option.
be used as calibrated projectors, the values quoted are
the maximum voltage that may be used over the whole In order to avoid reflections in the tank, pulsegated
frequency band. measurements are made. Voltage, current and impe-
dance are all measured within the same gated pulse.
Weight: The pulse length is only limited by its wavelength and
Values shown are dry weight in kilograms. This weight the size of the tank. At RESON A/S, the calibration tank
includes the cable, where this is supplied as standard. is 4.5 x 2.5 x 3 m.

Housing:
Materials and standard cable lengths are shown. Cables
may be supplied in lengths to suit individual require-
ments.

Documentation:
Possible documentation includes plots of Impedance
(Z), Receiving response (RR), Transmitting response
(TR),
Horizontal directional response (DR-H) and Vertical
directional response (DR-V). These columns indicate
standard and optional test documentation available for
each transducer. Documentation shown in brackets is
optional. For all transducers a Certificate of Conformity
may be supplied upon request.

We also welcome enquiries on purpose-designed Complete calibration test facility at RESON in Denmark
transducers in larger quantities to meet customer-spe-
cific needs. For presentation and quantification of your
specific requirements, please refer to our Transducer
and Hydrophone Questionnaire, which you will find on
our home page at www.reson.com. For the most exacting applications, RESON also
provides calibrations traceable to national standards
established at the National Physical Laboratory, UK.

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 201©RESON

4
www.reson.com
 Introduction
INTERPRETATION OF CALIBRATION PLOTS COMPANY BACKGROUND

Directional Response Plot RESON was founded in 1976 and has since
The directional response plot shows the ratio grown to become one of the global leaders in
between the acoustic power in a selected direction design and manufacture of underwater acoustic
and the acoustic power of a simple source sensors and multidisciplinary measuring systems.
emitting the same power as the directive source. The corporate headquarters are located in Denmark,
(Dimensionless). and wholly owned subsidiaries have been established
in California; United Kingdom; Germany; South Africa;
Response Plot Singapore; The Netherlands; and in Italy.
The response plot utilises the “comparison method” Quality is a key word for all RESON activities, and all
to measure the response (transmitting and standard products are produced, documented
receiving) of the transducer or hydrophone. and tested according to our ISO 9001: 2000 quality
This is performed against a reference hydrophone, system.
and a plot of the response against frequency
over the selected frequency range is produced.
The receiving response is determined in
dB re V/µPa, and the transmitting response in
dB re 1 µPa/V at 1 metre.

Impedance Plot
The impedance plot shows the input impedance
of a transducer used as a projector.
A plot of the impedance (showing real and
imaginary parts separately) against frequency
over the selected frequency range is produced.
The impedance is measured using a burst signal.
This avoids the creation of standing waves
in the test tank which distort the measurement.

High pressure test tank. Pressure range up to 700 bar.

CAPABILITIES

RESONs line of advanced, high quality products, from

transducers to real-time, multi-beam profiling and imag-
ing sonar systems, is based upon a continuing research
and development effort.
RESON spends some 30% of its annual turnover on
Certified assemblers are trained in a wide variety of flexible R&D covering technologies such as acoustic and finite
manufacturing processes for both high and low volume productions.
element transducer modelling, signal processing, soft-
ware and electronics hardware.
These activities are carried out, in many cases, in
collaboration with universities and other research
establishments both nationally and worldwide.

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 2011©RESON

5 5
www.reson.com
 Introduction

Over the last years, RESON has been the industrial If a product upon inspection by RESON or its authorised
partner in a considerable number of R&D projects representatives is found to be defective, excepting
sponsored by the European Community. damage or fair wear and tear, RESON, at the compa-
This collaboration has resulted in the development of ny’s discretion, will repair or replace the product free of
new reference hydrophones and has included studies charge. Transportation costs shall be to the account of
on European acoustic calibration facilities. the Customer.

The RESON R&D and quality assurance groups are RESON shall not be liable for any loss or damage
staffed by engineers and technicians highly qualified in arising out of or in connection with the use of its
all the pertinent engineering disciplines, from acoustics products.
to mechanical and electronic engineering. The certified
production assemblers are trained in a wide variety of
flexible manufacturing processes to cover both high and TECHNICAL SERVICE
low volume productions.
RESON operates a full technical service function for
inspection, adjustment and repair of all its standard
RESOURCES AND FACILITIES products.

All RESON transducers and other products are manu- Service contracts are available, ensuring RESONs
factured and tested to meet the most stringent demands customers optimum utilization, maintenance and perfor-
for quality, reliability and durability. mance of their RESON products.

In order to meet these standards, RESON has invested Also, RESONs service function undertakes assistance
in the latest technology and resources to support pertaining to on-site trouble shooting, installation and
design, development, production and quality manage- training.
ment.

These include:

• Computer aided design workstations.

• Automatic acoustic test tank (RESONs own

design for on-site high precision acoustic
calibration, including advanced facilities for data
acquisition, storage and presentation.

• High-pressure tanks with pressure ranges up to

700 bars.

• Full testing facilities and laboratories for testing,

quality assurance and production, in accordance
to our ISO 9001: 2000 quality system.

Technical service function for inspection, adjustment and repair

of all standard products.
WARRANTY

All RESON products are sold with a twelve month

warranty covering any defects in materials and work-
manship or failure to meet the given tolerances and
specifications.

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 201©RESON

6
www.reson.com
 Table I
Applications Reference List

Product No. TC TC TC TC TC TC TC TC TC TC TC TC TC TC TC TC TC TC TC
1026 1037 2003 2024 2111 2122 2178 3021 3027 4013 4014 4032 4033 4034 4035 4037 4038 4040 4042

Underwater
positioning and
navigation, long
base line
Acoustictelemetry
Underwater
•
telephonesystems
Distress pingers
Pinger/Transponder
systems
Pinger location
Echo sounding
• • • • • •
systems
Pulse echo
•
measurement
Side scan systems •
Submarine/bottom/
• • •
mine equipment
Subbottomprofiling •
Sound velocity
• •
meters
High resolution
distance •
measurements
Calibration • • • • • •
Reference
measurements • • • • • • • • •
(Conformance)
Reference
• • • • •
projectors
Ship, flow and
turbolent noise • • • • •
measurements
Low noise
• • • •
measurements
Acoustic near field
• • •
measurements
Audio recording • • • • • •
Laboratory
• • • • • • •
application
Dolphins and
• • • • • • •
whales
High frequency
• • • •
measurements
Offshore structure
• • • • •
monitoring
Marine biology • • • • •

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 2011©RESON

7 7
www.reson.com
 Table II
Short Form Specifications

Type Resonance Frequency / Usable Band Depth (m) Beam (°)

Model Hydro Proj High Medium Low High Medium Low Omni/Hemi Conical Narrow Horizontal Vertical

TC1026 • • 36kHz 6000 Omni ±35°fromhori.plan

TC1037 • • 6kHz 600 • 80
TC2003 200kHz 30 • 2.6
TC2024 • • 200kHz 30 • • 9.5
TC2111 200kHz 30 • 18
TC2122 33/200kHz 30 • • 20/9
TC2178 • • 33/200kHz 30 • • 20/9
TC3021 • • 2000kHz 700 • • 2.2
TC3027 • • 1000kHz 500 • • 5.8
TC4013 • • 1Hz-170kHz 700 • Omni 270 at 200kHz
TC4014 • 15Hz-470kHz 900 • Omni 270 at 200kHz
TC4032 • 5Hz-120kHz 600 • Omnito100kHz 270 at 15kHz
TC4033 • • 1Hz-160kHz 900 • Omni 270 at 100kHz
TC4034 • • 1Hz-470kHz 900 • Omni 270 at 300kHz
TC4035 • • 10kHz-800kHz • Omni 120 at 250kHz
TC4037 • 1Hz-100kHz 1500 • Omni 270 at 40kHz
TC4038 • • 10Hz-800kHz 20 • Omni
TC4040 • • 1Hz-120lHz 400 • Omni
TC4042 • 5Hz-85kHz 1000 • Omni 270 at 40kHz

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 201©RESON

8
www.reson.com
 Table II
Short Form Specifications
Power Dimensions (mm) Weight Housing Documentation Page
(kg)
Model High Low Max Max Width Dry Type Active Surface Cable Length Z RR TR DR-V
Length (m)
TC1026 100W 100 107 0.5 Stainless Chloroprene Optional • • • • • 11
TC1037 400W 198 115.5 5.8 Stainless Chloroprene Optional • • • • 13
TC2003 1500W 66 260 7.1 PVC PVC 18 • • • • 15
TC2024 450W 61 110 2.3 PVC PVC 20 • • • • 17
TC2111 50W 50 31.8 0.4 PVC PVC 10 • • • • 19
TC2122 1000/450W 130 180 5.0 PVC PVC 33 • • • • • 21
TC2178 1000/450W 320 151 9.7 PVC PVC 18 • • • • • 23
TC3021 10W 32 30 0.075 PVC EP 1.5 • • • • 25
TC3027 5W 32 30 0.045 PVC EP 1.5 • • • • 27
TC4013 100Vrms 50 9.5 0.075 Stainless NBR 6 • • • • 29
TC4014 12-24VDC 273 38 0.650 Alu-bronzo NBR Optional • • • 31
TC4032 12-24VDC 284.5 38 0.720 Alu-bronzo NBR Optional • • • 35
TC4033 100Vrms 138 25 1.5 Alu-bronzo NBR 10 • • • • • 37
TC4034 100Vrms 138 16 1.6 Alu-bronzo NBR 10 • • • • • 39
TC4035 168 10 0.410 Stainless NBR Optional • • • • • 41
TC4037 10-24VDC 75 36 0.086 Titanium NBR • • • 43
TC4038 100Vrms 58 4 0.020 Stainless PU 2 • • • 45
TC4040 100Vrms 120 21 1.600 Titanium NBR 10 • • • • 47
TC4042 220 36 0.45 Alu-bronze NBR • • • 49

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 2011©RESON

9 9
www.reson.com
 Transducer TC1026
High Power Communications Transducer

TC1026
• 36 kHz compact The TC1026 is a high power communication transducer for long/short base
line measurement, pinger/transponder systems, acoustic telemetry systems
• High efficiency ceramic and telephone systems.

• Easy to install TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Resonant frequency: 36kHz ±2kHz (34-38kHz)
• Long life time Transmitting sensitivity: 137dB ±3dB at 36kHz (re µPa/V at 1m)
Receiving sensitivity: -193dB ±3dB at 36kHz (re 1V/µPa)
Impedance: 630ohm ±10% 81° phase ± 10% at 36kHz
Vertical directivity pattern: Typically ±35° from horizontal plane
Horizontal directivity pattern: Omnidirectional
Max input power: (1% duty cycle) 100W
Operating depth: 6000m
Survival depth: 6000m
Operating temperature range: -2° to +30°C
Storage temperature range: -30° to +70°C
Cable (Optional) Two single wires
Housing: Special formulated NBR
Weight (air) incl. cable: 0.5kg

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 201©RESON

10
www.reson.com
 Transducer TC1026
High Power Communications Transducer

Vertical Directivity Pattern Receiving Sensitivity [dB re 1V/µPa @ 1m]

Transmitting Sensitivity [dB re 1µPa/V @ 1m] Impedance

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 2011©RESON

11 11
www.reson.com
 Transducer TC1037
Directional Telephone Transducer

TC1037
• High performance low The TC1037 is a rugged directional transducer with low frequency.
frequency transducer It is specifically designed for underwater telephone systems. Can be used
as a building block in special long range sonars or in sub bottom penetration
• Ideal for installation due to single or multibeam systems.
steel housing and threaded
guide

• Optional cabletermination TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

TL8038 Usable frequency band: 6kHz to 15kHz
Transmitting sensitivity: 145dB ±3dB at 7,3kHz (re µPa/V at 1m)
Receiving sensitivity: -169dB ±3dB at 7,3kHz (re 1V/µPa)
Impedance: 860ohm ±250ohm at 7,3kHz
Beam shape: Conical
Beam width: 80°at 8kHz
Max input power: 400W (1% duty cycle)
Operating depth: 600m
Survival depth: 800m
Operating temperature range: -2°C to +35°C
Storage temperature range: -40°C to +70°C
Cable (Optional) Connector and 9m cable, pigtail
Housing: Special formulated NBR
Weight (air) incl. cable: 5,8kg

Please note that this product requires

a minimum quantity per order

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 201©RESON

12
www.reson.com
 Transducer TC1037
Directional Telephone Transducer

Horizontal Directivity Pattern Receiving Sensitivity [dB re 1V/µPa @ 1m]

Transmitting Sensitivity [dB re 1µPa/V @ 1m] Impedance

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 2011©RESON

13 13
www.reson.com
 Transducer TC2003
Narrow Beam Hydrographic Transducer

TC2003
• Narrow conical beam Narrow beam transducer for precise bottom recognition Ideal for all echo
sounders working in the frequency band from 190–210kHz.
• High power input

• Low weight
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Resonant Frequency: 200kHz ±10kHz
Transmitting Sensitivity: 180dB ±3dB at 200kHz (dB re µPa/V @ 1m)
Receiving Sensitivity: -180 dB ±3dB at 200kHz (dB re V/µPa)
Impedance: 100ohm ±30ohm
Beam width: 3.0° ± 0.2, Conical
Max input power: 1500W at 1% duty power
Operating depth: 30m
Survival depth: 50m
Operating temperature range: -2°C to +30°C
Storage temperature range: -30°C to +50°C
Weight with cable: 7.1kg
Cable: 18m FALMAT Type FM091003-1602A, 2x1 (Twisted pair) PUR
Jacket, WATER BLOCK 2*1 (O.D. 9.3mm) - pigtail

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 201©RESON

14
www.reson.com
 Transducer TC2003
Narrow Beam Hydrographic Transducer

Horizontal Directivity Pattern Receiving Sensitivity [dB re 1V/µPa @ 1m]

Transmitting Sensitivity [dB re 1µPa/V @ 1m] Impedance

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 2011©RESON

15 15
www.reson.com
 Transducer TC2024
Survey Transducer for Echosounder

TC2024
• 200kHz transducer General purpose 200kHz echosounder transducer for shallow water
applications: 0-100m
• Compact design
The TC2024 is ideal for navigation, hydrographic echosounding in shallow
• Excellent performance
waters, and high resolution distance measurements.
• Robust piezo ceramic
For outboard mounting, RESON steel housing mounts are available.
• Electrical compatible with The standard housing of the TC2024 is also compatible with ATLAS SW
most echosounder systems 6014 mounts.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Resonant Frequency: 200kHz ± 10kHz
Transmitting Sensitivity: 173dB ±3dB re 1µPa/V at 1m
Receiving Sensitivity: -187dB ±3dB re 1V/µPa
Impedance : 100ohm ± 30ohm at 200kHz
Beam width: 9.5° ± 1°, Conical
Max input power: 450W at 1% duty cycle
Operating depth: 30m
Survival depth: 50m
Operating temperature range: -2°C to +30°C
Storage Temperature: -30°C to +50°C
Housing: PVC
Weight (air) incl. Cable: 2.3kg
Cable (length and type): 20m FALMAT Type FM091003-1602A, 2x1 (Twisted pair) PUR
Jacket, WATER BLOCK 2*1 (O.D. 9.3mm) - pigtail

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 201©RESON

16
www.reson.com
 Transducer TC2024
Survey Transducer for Echosounder

Horizontal Directivity Pattern Receiving Sensitivity [dB re 1V/µPa @ 1m]

Transmitting Sensitivity [dB re 1µPa/V @ 1m] Impedance

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 2011©RESON

17 17
www.reson.com
 Transducer TC2111
Compact Echosounder Transducer

TC2111
• Small compact design Compact echo sounder transducer

• Good piezo ceramics

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Resonant Frequency: 200kHz ± 3kHz
Transmitting sensitivity: 163dB ± 3dB (re 1µPa/V at 1m)
Receiving Sensitivity: -190dB ± 3dB (re 1V/µPa)
Impedance: 200ohm ±60ohm at 200kHz
Beam width: 18° ± 3°
Beam shape: Conical
Max input power: 50W (at 1% duty cycle)
Operating depth: 30m
Survival depth: 50m
Operating temperature range: +2°C to +35°C
Storage temperature range: -30°C to +50°C
Cable (length and type): 10m Coax 2*1 (O.D. 5mm) - pigtail
Weight in air, with cable: 0,4kg
Housing: PVC with union nut

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 201©RESON

18
www.reson.com
 Transducer TC2111
Compact Echosounder Transducer

Horizontal Directivity Pattern Receiving Sensitivity [dB re 1V/µPa @ 1m]

Transmitting Sensitivity [dB re 1µPa/V @ 1m] Impedance

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 2011©RESON

19 19
www.reson.com
 Transducer TC2122
Dual-Frequency Survey Echosounder Transducer

TC2122
• Narrow beams Model TC2122 is a 33kHz and 200kHz dual frequency transducer ideal
for navigation and hydrographic echosounder systems. The transducer has
• High acoustical performance excellent piezoceramic elements which will ensure the highest reliability and
quality in echosounding. The transducer will fit ATLAS SW 60/28/6029
• Compact design
housing and RESON steel housings.
• Compatible with ATLAS
SW60/28/6029 housing.

• Electrical compatible with

most 33kHz and 200kHz TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
echosounders. Resonant Frequency: 33kHz ±2kHz 200kHz ±5kHz
Transmitting sensitivity: 168dB ±3dB at 33KHz 174dB ±3dB at 200KHz (re 1µPa/V at 1m)
Receiving Sensitivity: -177dB ±3dB at 33KHz -187dB ±3dB at 200KHz (re 1µPa/V)
Impedance: 80ohm ±24ohm at 33kHz and 200kHz
Beam width: 22°±2° at 33KHz 9,5°±1° at 200kHz
Beam shape: Conical
Max input power: 1000W at 33kHz 450W at 200kHz (at 1% duty cycle)
Operating depth: 30m
Survival depth: 50m
Operating temperature range: -2°C to +35°C
Storage temperature range: -30°C to +50°C
Weight in air,with cable: 5kg
Housing: PVC
Cable (length and type): 33m FALMAT Type FM088095-7, 4x1 (2 x twisted pair) PUR Jacket,
WATER BLOCK, Kevlar Braid 800lbs breaking strength (O.D. 11mm)
- pigtail

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 201©RESON

20
www.reson.com
 Transducer TC2122
Dual-Frequency Survey Echosounder Transducer

Horizontal Directivity Pattern Receiving Sensitivity [dB re 1V/µPa @ 1m]

Transmitting Sensitivity [dB re 1µPa/V @ 1m] Impedance

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 2011©RESON

21 21
www.reson.com
 Transducer TC2178
Dual Frequency Transducer

TC2178
• Hydrodynamic shape Model TC2178 is an optimized and hydrodynamic 33 kHz and 200 kHz
dual frequency transducer ideal for navigation and hydrographic echo
• Narrow beams sounder systems.
The transducer has excellent piezoceramic elements which will ensure
• High acoustical performance
the highest reliability and quality in echosounding.
• Compact design

• Electrical compatible with

most 33 kHz and 200 kHz TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
echosounders. Resonant Frequency: 33 kHz ±2kHz
200kHz ±5kHz
• Can be mounted directly on Transmitting sensitivity: 168dB ±3dB at 33kHz (re 1µPa/V at 1m)
outboard rig. 174dB ±3dB at 200kHz (re 1µPa/V at 1m)
Receiving Sensitivity: -177dB ±3dB at 33kHz (re 1V/µPa)
-187dB ±3dB at 200kHz (re 1V/µPa)
Impedance: 80 ohm ±24ohm at 33kHz and 200kHz
Beam width: 22°±2° at 33kHz
9.5°±1° at 200kHz
Beam shape: Conical
Max input power: 1000 W at 33kHz (at 1% duty cycle)
450 W at 200kHz (at 1% duty cycle)
Operating depth: 30 m
Survival depth: 50 m
Operating temperature range: -2°C to +35°C
Storage temperature range: -30°C to +50°C
Weight in air, with cable: 9.7kg
Housing: PVC
Cable (length and type): 18m FALMAT Type FM088095-7, 4x1 (2 x twisted pair) PUR Jacket,
WATER BLOCK, Kevlar Braid 800lbs breaking strength (O.D. 11mm)
- pigtail

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 201©RESON

22
www.reson.com
 Transducer TC2178
Dual Frequency Transducer

Vertical directivity pattern Receiving Sensivity [dB re 1V/µPa @ 1m]

Transmitting sensitivity [dB re 1µPa/V @ 1m] Impedance

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 2011©RESON

23 23
www.reson.com
 Transducer TC3021
Low Cost Universal 2MHz Transducer

TC3021
• Depth rating 700m operating Universal 2MHz transducer ideal for short range high precision sound
velocity measurements.
• Extreme narrow beam width

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Resonant Frequency: 2MHz
Transmitting Sensitivity: 184dB ±3dB at 2MHz (re µPa/V at 1m)
Receiving Sensitivity: -207dB ±3dB at 2MHz (re V/µPa)
Impedance: 23ohm ±11ohm at 2MHz
Phase: 0° ±30°at 2MHz
Beam shape Conical
Beam width: 2,2°
Side lobe Suppression Better than -12dB
Max input power: 5W (1% duty cycle)
Operating depth: 700m
Survival depth: 1000m
Operating temperature range: +2°C to +35°C
Storage temperature range: -30°C to +50°C
Cable: (Length and type) 1.5m, Coax cable RG 174/u
Housing: PVC – black
Weight (air) incl. cable: 35g

Please note that this product requires

a minimum quantity per order

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 201©RESON

24
www.reson.com
 Transducer TC3021
Low Cost Universal 2MHz Transducer

Horizontal directivity pattern Receiving Sensitivity [dB re 1V/µPa @ 1m]

Transmitting Sensitivity [dB re 1µPa/V @ 1m] Impedance

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 2011©RESON

25 25
www.reson.com
 Transducer TC3027
Universal 1MHz Transducer

TC3027
• Side lobe suppression better The TC3027 is a Universal 1MHz transducer ideal for sound velocity
than -23dB measurements and short range applications.
• Small compact housing
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
• Ideal for watertight installation, Resonant Frequency: 1MHz
due two double o-ring seal. Transmitting Sensitivity: 170dB ±3dB at 1MHz (re 1µPa/V at 1m)
Receiving Sensitivity: -201B ±3dB at 1MHz (re 1V/µPa)
Impedance: 140ohm ±30 % at 1MHz
Directivity Pattern: 5.8°
Beam shape: Conical
Side lobe Suppression: Better than -23dB
Max input power: (1% duty cycle) 10W
Operating depth: 500m
Survival depth: 800m
Operating temperature range: -2°C to +50°C
Storage temperature range: -30°C to +50°C
Cable: (Length and type) 1.5m coax cable RG174/u, pigtail
Housing: PVC - black
Weight (air) incl. cable: 40g

Please note that this product requires

a minimum quantity per order

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 201©RESON

26
www.reson.com
 Transducer TC3027
Universal 1MHz Transducer

Horizontal directivity pattern Receiving sensitivity

Transmitting sensitivity Impedance

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 2011©RESON

27 27
www.reson.com
 Hydrophone TC4013
Miniature Reference Hydrophone

TC4013
• High sensitivity The TC4013 offers a usable frequency range of 1Hz to 170kHz and a high
sensitivity relative to its size. It further-more provides uniform omnidirectional
• Omnidirectional to high sensitivities in both horizontal and vertical planes up to high frequencies.
frequencies The TC4013 is an excellent transducer for making absolute sound measure-
ments and calibrations within a broad frequency range. It can also be applied
• Broad banded
as an omnidirectional reference projector.
• O-ring sealed mounting The overall characteristics makes TC4013 extremely applicable for laboratory
as well as industrial uses.
• Individually calibrated

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Usable Frequency range: 1Hz to 170kHz
Receiving Sensitivity: -211dB ±3dB re 1V/µPa
Transmitting Sensitivity: 130dB ±3dB re 1µPa/V at 1m at 100kHz
Horizontal Directivity Pattern: Omnidirectional ±2dB at 100kHz
Vertical Directivity Pattern: 270° ±3dB at 100kHz
Nominal capacitance: 3.4nF
Operating depth: 700m
Survival depth: 1000m
Operating temperature range: -2°C to +80°C
Storage temperature range: -40°C to +80°C
Weight (in air): 75g
Cable length: Standard length 6m Optional cable lengths available on request

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 201©RESON

28
www.reson.com
 Hydrophone TC4013
Miniature Reference Hydrophone

Horizontal directivity pattern Receiving Sensitivity [dB re 1V/µPa @ 1m]

Transmitting Sensitivity [dB re 1µPa/V @ 1m] Impedance

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 2011©RESON

29 29
www.reson.com
 Hydrophone TC4014
Broad Band Spherical Hydrophone

TC4014-5
• Wide usable frequency range he TC4014-5 broad band spherical hydrophone offers a very wide usable frequency
range with excellent omnidirectional characteristics in all planes. The overall receiv-
• Omnidirectional in all planes ing characteristics makes the TC4014-5 an ideal transducer for making absolute un-
derwater sound measurements up to 480kHz. The wide frequency range also makes
• Built-in low noise preamplifier the TC4014-5 perfect for calibration purposes, particularly in higher frequencies.
The TC4014-5 incorporates a low-noise 26dB preamplifier providing signal condition-
• Long term stability ing for transmission through long underwater cables.

• Individually calibrated The TC4014-5 features an insert calibration facility, which allows for a reliable test of
the hydrophone.
• Available with differential The sensor element is permanently encapsulated in Special formulated NBR to
output ensure long term reliability. The rubber has been specially compounded to ensure
acoustic impedance close to that of water. The hydrophone and connector housing
are made of corrosion resistant aluminum-bronze.
TC4014-5 has differential output. The differential output is an advantage where long
cables are used in an electrically noisy environment.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Usable Frequency range: 15Hz to 480kHz
Linear Frequency range: 30Hz to 100kHz ±2dB 25Hz to 250kHz ±3dB
Receiving Sensitivity: Single ended: -186dB ±3dB re 1V/µPa
Diff. out: -180dB ±3dB re 1V/µPa)
Horizontal directivity: Omnidirectional ±2dB at 100kHz
Vertical directivity: 270° ±2dB at 100kHz
Operating depth: 900m
Survival depth: 1200m
Operating temperature range: -2°C to +55°C
Storage temperature range: -40°C to +80°C
Weight in (air): 650g without cable
Max. output voltage: ≥2.8Vrms (at 12VDC)
Preamplifier gain: 26dB
Supply voltage: 12 to 24VDC
High pass filter: 15Hz -3dB
Calibration path attenuation: at 10kHz 14dB
Current consumption: <28mA at 12VDC <34 mA at 24VDC
Max. output effect: 50mW

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 201©RESON

30
www.reson.com
 Hydrophone TC4014
Broad Band Spherical Hydrophone

NBR means Nitrile Rubber

The NBR rubber is first of all resistant to sea and fresh water but also resistant to oil. It is limited resistant to petrol, limited resistant
to most acids and will be destroyed by base, strong acids, halogenated hydrocarbons (carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene), nitro
hydrocarbons (nitrobenzene, aniline), phosphate ester hydraulic fluids, Ketones (MEK, acetone), Ozone and automotive brake fluid.

Documentation:
Receiving sensitivity: At 5 kHz to 500 kHz Sensitivity at ref.: frequencies: 250 Hz

Horizontal directivity: At 100, 200, 300 kHz Vertical directivity: At 100, 200, 300 kHz

Horizontal directivity pattern Receiving Sensitivity [dB re 1V/µPa @ 1m]

Receiving Response [dB re 1V/µPa @ 1m]

-170

-175

-180

-185

-190

-195

-200

-205
TC4014-5
TC4014-1
-210
6 8 10 20 40 60 80 100 200 400
Frequency [kHz]

Vertical directivity pattern Typical equivalent noise pressure curve

Valid for all versions of TC4014

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 2011©RESON

31 31
www.reson.com
 Hydrophone TC4014
Broad Band Spherical Hydrophone

Accessories for TC4014-5

TL8140

TL8142

Electrical Diagram for TC4014-5

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 201©RESON

32
www.reson.com
 Hydrophone TC4014
Broad Band Spherical Hydrophone

Insert voltage calibration

The TC4014 preamplifier contains an insert calibration circuit. This allows for electrical calibration of the hydrophone. The calibra-
tion method is not an absolute calibration but, it provides a reliable method for testing of the hydrophone, especially for hydro-
phones in fixed remote installations. The insert sine signal simulates the output signal from the sensor element.

To perform an insert calibration, use an appropriate function generator. The applied calibration signal must not exceed 10 Vrms. A
higher voltage may damage the calibration resistor. 2 Vrms will be appropriate for insert calibration. The attenuation of the calibra-
tion signal is 14dB@10kHz for short cables.

Apply the signal to the calibrate input, connector contact 4. = green wire of cable. Connect generator ground to sine generator
ground, and measure the signal on hydrophone output.

Outline Dimensions

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 2011©RESON

33 33
www.reson.com
 Hydrophone TC4032
Low Noise Sea-State Zero Hydrophone

TC4032
• Low noise performance The TC4032 general purpose hydrophone offers a high sensitivity, low noise and a flat
frequency response over a wide frequency range.
• High sensitivity
The high sensitivity and acoustic characteristics makes TC4032 capable of producing
• Wide frequency range absolute sound measurements and detecting even very weak
signals at levels below “Sea State 0”.
• Flat frequency response
The TC4032 incorporates an electrostatically shielded highly sensitive piezoelectric
• Long term stability element connected to an integral low-noise 10dB preamplifier. The TC4032 preampli-
fier is capable of driving long cables of more than 1.000 meters, and the preamplifier
• Individually calibrated features an insert calibration facility.
Per default the amplifier is provided with differential output. The differential output is an
advantage where long cables are used in an electrically noisy environment. For use in
single ended mode: Use positive output pin together with GND.
Versions with different filter characteristics are available: 4032-1 5Hz to 120 kHz, 4032-
2 1Hz to 120 kHz and 4032-5 100Hz to 120 kHz.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Usable Frequency range: 5Hz to120kHz
Linear Frequency range: 15Hz to 40kHz ±2dB
10Hz to 80kHz ±2.5dB
Receiving Sensitivity: -164dB re 1V/mPa with differential output
Horizontal directivity: Omnidirectional ±2dB at 100kHz
Vertical directivity: 270° ±2dB at 15kHz
Operating depth: 600m
Survival depth: 700m
Operating temperature range: -2°C to +55°C
Storage temperature range: -30°C to +70°C
Weight in Air: 720g without cable
Preamplifi er gain: 10dB
Max. output voltage: 3.5Vrms at 12VDC
Supply voltage: 12 to 24VDC
High pass fi lter: 7Hz -3dB
Quiescent supply current: ≤19mA at 12VDC
≤22mA at 24VDC
Encapsulating material: Special formulated NBR
Housing material: Alu Bronze
AlCu10Ni5Fe4

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 201©RESON

34
www.reson.com
 Hydrophone TC4032
Low Noise Sea-State Zero Hydrophone
NBR means Nitrile Rubber
The NBR rubber is first of all resistant to sea and fresh water but also resistant to oil. It is limited resistant to petrol, limited resistant
to most acids and will be destroyed by base, strong acids, halogenated hydrocarbons (carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene), nitro
hydrocarbons (nitrobenzene, aniline), phosphate ester hydraulic fluids, Ketones (MEK, acetone), Ozone and automotive brake fluid.

Documentation:
Individually calibration curves: 250 kHz Receiving sensitivity: At 5 kHz to 100 kHz Vertical directivity: At 15 kHz

Sensitivity at ref.: frequencies: 250 kHz Horizontal directivity: At 100 kHz

Horizontal directivity pattern Receiving Sensitivity [dB re 1V/µPa @ 1m]

Receiving Response [dB re 1V/µPa @ 1m]

-150

-155

-160

-165

-170

-175

-180

-185

-190

-195 TC4032 Single ended output

TC4032 Differential output
-200
6 8 10 20 40 60 80 100
Frequency [kHz]

The OCR curve shown above is for single ended output

Vertical directivity pattern Typical equivalent noise pressure curve

Valid for all versions of TC4032

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 2011©RESON

35 35
www.reson.com
 Hydrophone TC4033
Robust Spherical Reference Hydrophone

TC4033
• Omnidirectional in the full The TC4033 provides uniform omnidirectional characteristics within the full
frequency range frequency range of 1Hz to 140kHz.
• Wide frequency range The Typical sensitivity of -203dB re 1V/µPa and the capacitance of 7nF,
ensure an excellent signal to noise ratio, thereby allowing TC4033 to be used
• Durable construction
with extension cables with only a limited reduction in sensitivity.
• Long term stability
The TC4033 offers excellent acoustic characteristics and durability, which
• Individually calibrated makes it ideal for a wide range of applications and for calibration purposes.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Usable Frequency range: 1Hz to 140kHz
Linear Frequency range: 1Hz to 80kHz
Receiving Sensitivity: -203dB ±2dB re 1V/µPa at 250Hz
Transmitting Sensitivity: 144dB ±2dB re 1µPa/V at 1m at 100kHz
Directivity, Horizontal: Omnidirectional ±2dB at 100kHz
Vertical Directivity: 270°±2dB at 100kHz
Nominal Capacitance: 7,8nF (incl.10m cable)
Operating depth: 900m
Operating Temperature range: -2°C to +80°C
Storage Temperature range: -40°C to +80°C
Weight incl. 10m cable, (in air): 1.5kg
Cable (length and type): Standard 10m shielded pair DSS-2/MIL-C-915.
Optional cable length available on request
Connector type: BNC
Encapsulating material: Special formulated NBR
Metal body: Alu bronze
AlCu10Ni5Fe4

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 201©RESON

36
www.reson.com
 Hydrophone TC4033
Robust Spherical Reference Hydrophone

Documentation:

Individually calibration curves: Sensitivity at ref.: frequencies: Receiving sensitivity: Impedance:

250 kHz At 5 kHz to 200 kHz 5 kHz to 200kHz

Horizontal directivity: Vertical directivity: Transmitting sensitivity:

At 100 kHz At 100 kHz 5 kHz to 200 kHz

Horizontal directivity pattern Receiving Sensitivity [dB re 1V/µPa @ 1m]

Transmitting Sensitivity [dB re 1µPa/V @ 1m] Impedance

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 2011©RESON

37 37
www.reson.com
 Hydrophone TC4034
Ultra Broad-band Spherical

TC4034
• Omnidirectional in the full The TC4034 broad band spherical hydrophone provides uniform omni-
frequency range directional characteristics over a wide frequency range of 1Hz to 480kHz.
• Long term stability The overall receiving characteristics makes the TC4034 an ideal transducer
for making absolute underwater sound measurements up to 480kHz. The
• Extreme Wide frequency range
wide frequency range also makes the TC4034 perfect for calibration pur-
• Durable construction poses, particularly in higher frequencies.

• Individually calibrated
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Usable Frequency range: 1Hz to 470kHz (+3, -10dB)
Linear Frequency range: 1Hz to 250kHz (+2, -4dB)
Receiving Sensitivity: (re 1V/µPa) -218dB ±3dB (at 250Hz)
Horizontal directivity: Omnidirectional ±2dB (at 100kHz )
Transmitting sensitivity: 122dB ±3dB re 1µPa/V at 1m at 100kHz
Vertical directivity: >270° ±3dB (at 300kHz)
Nominal Capacitance: 3nF
Operating Depth: 900m
Survival Depth: 1000m
Operating Temperature range: -2°C to +80°C
Storage Temperature range: -40°C to +80°C
Weight incl. cable,(in air): 1.6 kg
Cable (length and type): Standard 10m shielded pair DSS-2MIL-C915.
Optional cable length available on request
Encapsulating Material: Special formulated NBR
Metal body: Alu-bronze
AlCu10Ni5Fe4
Connector type: BNC

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 201©RESON

38
www.reson.com
 Hydrophone TC4034
Ultra Broad-band Spherical

Documentation:

Vertical directivity: Receiving sensitivity: Transmitting sensitivity:

At 250 kHz 100,200,300 kHz 5 kHz to 500 kHz 5 kHz to 500 kHz

Horizontal directivity: Impedance:

At 100, 200, 300 kHz 5 kHz to 500 kHz

Horizontal directivity pattern Receiving Sensitivity [dB re 1V/µPa @ 1m]

Transmitting Sensitivity [dB re 1µPa/V @ 1m] Impedance

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 2011©RESON

39 39
www.reson.com
 Hydrophone TC4035
Broad Band Miniature Probe Hydrophone

TC4035
• Reference hydrophone for The TC4035 is a miniature probe hydrophone specifically designed as a stan-
high frequencies dard reference hydrophone for sound measurements in the frequency
range 100 to 500kHz.
• Linear receiving response
from 100kHz to 500kHz
The hydrophone incorporates a 10dB low-noise pre-amplifier, which includes
• Long term stable sensitivity an insert calibration circuit for convenient electrical testing of the hydrophone
condition. The pre-amp has a drive capability for cable length up to 25 meters.
• Individually calibrated
The hydrophone offers a useable frequency range from 10 to 800kHz with
• Calibration as standard good omnidirectional characteristics in the horizontal and the vertical plane.
reference hydrophone
traceable to national TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
standards established at NPL Receiving Sensitivity Typical: -214dB ±2dB re 1V/µ Pa (at 100kHz)
Linear Frequency Range: 100kHz to 500kHz ±3dB
Usable Frequency Range: 10kHz to 800kHz
Horizontal Directivity: Omnidirectional ±2dB (at 250kHz)
Vertical Directivity: 60°to 120° ±3dB (at 250kHz)
Operating Pressure: 300m
Survival Pressure 400m
Max. Sound Pressure: -4dB destortion level 210dB re 1µPa at 12V supply
Equivalent noise: 80dB re 1µPa (√H at 1kHz)
Weight (in air): 410 grams (LEMO receptacle incl.)
Max. Output Voltage : 1Vrms at 12VDC
2Vrms at 24VDC
Operating Temperature Range: -2°C to +40°C
Storage Temperature Range: -30°C to +50°C
Supply Voltage: 10VDC to 24VDC
Preamplifier Gain: 10dB
Output Drive Capability: 25m cable at 1M Ohm input
Insert cal. attenuation: -30dB
Quiescent Current: 15mA at 12VDC
20.5mA at 18VDC
Housing Material: Stainless Steel AISI 316
Cable: Standard 10m 4 cond.+ shielded
Optional cable lengths available on request
Connector: LEMO Series E four-pole watertight

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 201©RESON

40
www.reson.com
 Hydrophone TC4035
Broad Band Miniature Probe Hydrophone

Documentation:

Horizontal directivity: Receiving sensitivity: Vertical directivity:

At 250 kHz 50 kHz to 800 kHz At 250 kHz

Horizontal directivity pattern Receiving Sensitivity [dB re 1V/µPa @ 1m]

Accessories included: LEMO fixed socket no. ERA.1E.304.CNL

Vertical directivity pattern
The TC4035 is a high quality hydrophone designed for use as a trans-
fer standard hydrophone. The sensor element has excellent stability
over time, - which ensure reliable sensitivity over long periods.

Connecting the TC4035: The TC4035 is supplied with a 4-pole LEMO

plug and a receptacle for individual panel mounting.

The EC6073 input module is a universal junction unit for connections

of hydrophones. The TC6073 is equipped with the connectors required
for: input output, voltage supply and insert calibration signal.

Insert voltage calibration: The insert calibration is an electrical simu-

lation of a signal received from the acoustic sensor element.

Injecting a signal to the calibration line input performs insert calibration.

The responding signal received on the hydrophone output terminal is
attenuated -30 dB typical.

The recommended max. insert voltage signal for TC4035 is 2 Vpp.

WARNING! Exceeding the recommended calibration voltage may

cause damage to the calibration resistor.

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 2011©RESON

41 41
www.reson.com
 Hydrophone TC4037
Spherical Reference Hydrophone

TC4037
• High receiving voltage The TC4037 hydrophone sensor module provides a differential balanced
sensitivity output signal. It has been designed especially for operation with a differential
preamplifier.
• Differential signal output
The use of differential sensor signals offers advantages such as, limitation of
• Wide useable frequency DC offset and fluctuation. It further adds 6dB more sensor sensitivity, -reduces
noise distortion and makes the sensor less sensitive to vibration, temperature.
• Long term stability
The mounting support is equipped with sealing o-rings that allows for convenient
• Omnidirectional in all planes
waterproof mounting.
• Resistant to high static
pressure
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Usable Frequency range: 1Hz to 100kHz
• Individually calibrated
Linear Frequency range: 1Hz to 50kHz ±3dB
Receiving Sensitivity nominal: -193dB re 1V/µPa at 250Hz (with differential pre-amp 0dB)
Directivity, Horizontal plane: Omnidirectional ±2dB at 40kHz
Vertical plane: 270° ±3dB at 40kHz
Capacitance nominal: 2 x 4,5 nF
Leakage resistance: ≥1G ohm
Operating temperature range: -2°C to +55°C (with preamplifier)
Storage temperature range: -40°C to +80°C
Operating depth: 1500m
Survival depth: 2000m (4037-3 3500m)
Terminating wires: 3 x AWG 22, length 0.5m
Weight in air: 86g.
Encapsulating mat.: Special formulated NBR
Metal body: TC4037-2: Aluminum alloy Al Mg1Si
TC4037-3: Promet 12 CuSn 12 Tin bronze

NBR means Nitrile Rubber

The NBR rubber is first of all resistant to sea and fresh water but also resistant to oil.
It is limited resistant to petrol, limited resistant to most acids and will be destroyed
by base, strong acids, halogenated hydrocarbons (carbon tetrachloride, trichloroeth-
ylene), nitro hydrocarbons (nitrobenzene, aniline), phosphate ester hydraulic fluids,
Ketones (MEK, acetone), Ozone and automotive brake fluid.

Metal body: TC4037-2 Aluminium alloy Al Mg1Si – If installed on a metal housing it is

important that the housing is made of a similar material.
RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 201©RESON

42
www.reson.com
 Hydrophone TC4037
Spherical Reference Hydrophone

Documentation:

Receiving sensitivity: Horizontal directivity: Vertical directivity:

5 kHz to 100 kHz 20 kHz 20 kHz

Receiving Sensitivity [dB re 1V/µPa @ 1m]

Horizontal directivity pattern Vertical directivity pattern

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 2011©RESON

43 43
www.reson.com
 Hydrophone TC4038
Broad Band Miniature Probe Hydrophone

TC4038
• Reference hydrophone for The TC4038 is a miniature probe hydrophone, specifically designed as a
high frequencies standard reference hydrophone for high frequencies in the range: 100kHz to
500kHz.
• Linear receiving response
from 100kHz to 500kHz
The TC4038 provides a flat frequency response and omnidirectional charac-
• Individually calibrated teristics in the specified frequency range. The sensor element has excellent
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
stability, which ensures reliable sensitivity over long periods of time.
• Calibration as standard
reference hydrophone Because of its small size, the TC4038 is an ideal hydrophone for acoustic
traceable to national measurements in near fields.
standards established at
NPL, UK
Usable Frequency range: 10kHz - 800kHz
Linear Frequency range: 100 to 500kHz ±3dB
Receiving Sensitivity nominal: -228dB ±3dB re 1V/µPa (at 100kHz)
Horizontal Directivity Pattern: Omnidirectional ±2dB (at 100kHz)
Vertical Directivity Pattern: 60°to 120° ±3dB (at 100kHz)
Max. Operating Pressure: 0,2MPa = 2atm
Max. Operating Depth: 20m
Max. Survival Depth: 30m
Equivalent noise: 80dB re 1µPa (with VP1000 Pre-amp √Hz at 1 kHz)
Max. Sound Pressure: 0,3M Pa
Operating Temperature range: -2°C to +40°C
Storage Temperature range: -30°C to +50°C
Leakage Resistance: >2Gohm
Impedance: 100Mohm
(Min. input for min. noise down to 10 kHz lower frequency limit)
Weight in Air: 20grams
Cable (length and type): 2m double shielded low noise FEP. Insulated OD 1,65mm

The sensor element is permanently encapsulated in high density polyurethane to ensure

long term reliability. The strain relief and outer jacket of the cable is also made of high den-
sity polyurethane.
4038 can be used in sea or fresh water.
4038 can be used as a projector but is not designed for it – do not exceed 25Vrms. Duty cycle
need to be low around 1%.
RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 201©RESON

44
www.reson.com
 Hydrophone TC4038
Broad Band Miniature Probe Hydrophone

Documentation:

Receiving sensitivity: Horizontal directivity: Vertical directivity:

50 kHz to 800 kHz 250 kHz 250 kHz

Receiving Sensitivity [dB re 1V/µPa @ 1m] Transmitting Response [dB re 1µPa/V @ 1m]

Receiving Response [dB re 1V/µPa @ 1m]

-210 TC4038 Transmitting Response [dB re 1µPa/V @ 1m]
140

-215
130
-220

120
-225

-230 110

-235 100

-240
90

-245 0206030\Sensitivity/TVRMerge\Merge\Try 1
80
40 60 80 100 200 400 600 800 1000
-250
60 80 100 200 400 600 800 Frequency [kHz]
Frequency [kHz]

Horizontal directivity pattern Vertical directivity pattern

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 2011©RESON

45 45
www.reson.com
 Hydrophone TC4040
Reference Hydrophone

TC4040
• Wide operating frequency The TC4040 is an ideal standard reference hydrophone for calibration of
range transducers, hydrophones and underwater acoustic measurement systems.
• Flat response over a wide The TC4040 offers flat frequency receiving response over a wide frequency
frequency range
range and the relatively high transmitting sensitivity makes it very useful within
• Titanium mounting support many areas of underwater acoustic research, tests and measure-
ments.
• Individually calibrated
The TC4040 utilises sensor element technology that ensures a high stability
• Water blocked cable to with time and excellent performance.
Mil: C-915 The ceramic sensor element is encapsulated in Special formulated NBR. The
metallic support made of titanium, allows for precise mounting in suspension
hangers.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Usable Frequency range: 1Hz to 120kHz +2 -10dB
Linear Frequency range: 1Hz to 80kHz ±2dB
Receiving voltage Sensitivity: -206dB re 1V/µPa (±3dB) 56µV/Pa (nominal)
Charge Sensitivity: 0.42pC/Pa (nominal)
Transmitting sensitivity: 132dB re 1µPa/V at 1m (at 100kHz)
Horizontal directivity: Omnidirectional ±2dB at 100kHz (Typical)
Vertical directivity: 270° ±2dB at 50kHz (Typical)
Capacitance: 8.3nF (nominal)
Leakage resistance: >2Gohm
Operating depth: 400m
Survival depth: 500m
Operating temperature range: -2°C to +80°C
Storage temperature range: -40°C to +80°C
Weight incl. Cable, (in air): 1.6kg
Cable (length and type): 10m shielded twisted pair, DSS-2 MIL-C-915
Optional cable lengths available on request
Encapsulating material: Special formulated NBR
Metal body: Titanium

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 201©RESON

46
www.reson.com
 Hydrophone TC4040
Reference Hydrophone

Horizontal Directivity Pattern Receiving Sensitivity [dB re 1V/µPa @ 1m]

Transmitting Sensitivity [dB re 1µPa/V @ 1m] Impedance

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 2011©RESON

47 47
www.reson.com
 Hydrophone TC4042
Low-Noise Spherical Hydrophone

TC4042
• Wide frequency range The TC4042 is a spherical, low-noise hydrophone with 20dB differential pre-
amplifier. The hydrophone provides a single output mode.
• Spherical differential sensor
The single-end output mode is established with a four conductor cable.
• Differential in/output amplifier
The built-in preamplifier has the capability of driving cables of more than 1km.
• Single or differential output
The TC4042 features an insert voltage calibration facility (IVC), which enables
• Self supporting cables to remote testing of the hydrophone condition.
1000m

• IVC calibration
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Receiving Sensitivity, typical: -173dB re 1V/uPa (2.2 mV/Pa)
Useable frequency range: 5Hz to 85kHz
Linear frequency range: 15Hz to 45kHz +1/-5dB
Horizontal directivity: ±2dB at 40kHz
Vertical directivity: ±3dB at 40kHz over 270 deg.
Max. operating depth: 1000m
Survival depth: 1200m
Operating temperature range: -2°to +55°C
Storage temperature range: -30°to +70°C
Preamplifier gain: +20dB
Max. voltage output: 3Vrms (at 12V supply) 7Vrms (at 24V supply)
Current consumption: ≤9mA (at 12V supply) ≤22mA (at 24V supply)
Output impedance: 10ohms + 100µF
High pass filter: 15Hz (-3dB)
Low-pass filter: 150kHz (-3dB)
Hydrophone weight: 450g
Housing material: Alu Bronze AICu1ONi5Fe4
Encapsulating polymer: Special formulated NBR

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 201©RESON

48
www.reson.com
 Hydrophone TC4042
Low-Noise Spherical Hydrophone

Documentation:

Individually calibration curves: Receiving sensitivity: Horizontal directivity:

At 5kHz to 90kHz At 40kHz

Sensitivity at ref.: frequency: Vertical directivity:
250Hz At 40kHz

TC4042
Horizontal Receiving
Directivity Directional
Pattern Response Receiving Sensitivity [dB re 1V/µPa @ 1m]
o Receiving Sensitivity [dB re 1V/µPa @ 1m]
0 -150
o o
-30 0 dB 30 -155
-3 dB
-160
-10 dB
-165
o o
-60 60
-20 dB -170

-175
-30 dB
-180
o o
-90 -40 dB 90 -185

-190

-195
3605061\Sensitivity/OCV\1\Try 1
-200
o o 6 8 10 20 40 60 80
-120 120 Frequency [kHz]

o o
-150 150 40kHz
o
-180

TC4042 Receiving Directional Response

Vertical Directivity Pattern Typical Equivalent
Hydrophone type TC4042
Noise
Typical equivalent Pressure
noise Curve
pressure curve
o
0 80
Seastate zero
o o
-30 0 dB 30 70 TC4042 (re output)
-3 dB Wenz's minimum
60
dB re 1 µPa / √ Hz

Thermal water noise

-10 dB 50
o o
-60 60 40
-20 dB
30

20
-30 dB
10
o o
-90 -40 dB 90 0
10 100 1000 10000 100000

Frequency [Hz]

o o
-120 120

o o
-150 150 40kHz
o
-180

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 2011©RESON

49 49
www.reson.com
 EC6061
VP1000 Voltage preamplifier

EC6061
• 1Hz to 1MHz bandwidth The VP1000 is a 1MHz bandwidth single ended voltage preamplifier,
Hi-pass filter options designed for use with piezoelectric hydrophone and a variety of transducers.
VP1000 offers excellent low-noise performance, gain selection in 6 levels and
• 6 level gain selection options of 12 Hi-Pass filters.
• 100Mohm inputimpedance
The high input impedance of 100Mohm allow for low frequency
• Excellent low-noise measurements with even very small sensor element capacities.
characteristic
Encapsulated in aluminum box The VP1000 is water stain resistant.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Input:
Impedance: 100MΩ//2.5pF
Max. level: 2.8Vrms at 12V supply
Output:
Impedance: 10ohm/100µF
Max. level: 2.8Vrms at 0dB gain
Max. load: 10nF ≈100m cable
DC offset Phase @: OmVdc (capacitive coupling) -180°
Gain:
Gain settings: 0, 6, 12, 20, 26, 32 dB
Tolerance: ±0.5dB
Bandwidth
Operating frequency
range -3dB at 20dB gain: 0.5Hz to 1MHz
Noise:
Power spectrumdensity noise: 20nV/√Hz (at 1kHz)
Hi-Pass Filters: 1,5,10,20,100,1k,2k,
-3dB @ Hz: 5k, 10k, 20k, 50k
-12dB @ Hz: 0.1
Power supply: 12Vdc
Voltage nominal: min 9Vdc, max 18Vdc
Current quiescent: 12mA @ 12Vdc
Weight: 305g. (with supply cable and LEMO adaptor)
Accessories included: Supply cable TL 8088

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 201©RESON

50
www.reson.com
 EC6061
VP1000 Voltage preamplifier
VP1000 outline dimensions and layout Functional Block Diagram

TL 8088 Supply cable

Noise power density spectrum re input Voltage preamplifier VP1000

Input load 1nF, gain 20dB, 0.1Hz filter Phase shift with 0.1Hz filter at 0dB and 20dB gain

VP1000 filter characteristics VP1000 Frequency roll-off versus gain

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 2011©RESON

51 51
www.reson.com
 EC6067
CCA 1000 Conditioning Charge Amplifier

EC6067
• 1Hz to 1MHz bandwidth Input The CCA 1000 is a compact low-noise conditioning charge amplifier
capacitance, selectable designed for use with piezoelectric hydrophones and other piezoelectric
detectors. The CCA 1000 enables the uses of long cables between
• Lower frequency limit, hydrophone and amplifier without affecting the hydrophone sensitivity.
selectable

• 6 levels voltage gain 0 to 32dB The input capacitance can be selected to match the hydrophone
capacitance for close unity gain or to achieve input gain up to 20dB.
• Water stain resistant The input resistance, control the lower frequency limit -3dB break frequency.
The output gain can be selected from 0 to 32dB.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Input:
Impedance max.: 1Gohm
Max input at (unity gain): 2Vp
Estimating Input gain: (dB) = 20 log Ctr/Cin
Input capacitance selector: 12 steps: 22pF to 10nF
Input resistance selector: 12 steps: 3.3kohm to 1Gohm
Output:
Output gain settings 6 steps: 0, 6, 12, 20, 26, 32dB
Signal output, max: 2Vp
Output impedance: 20ohm
DC off-set: 0
Bandwidth:
Operating -3dB Frequency range at 20dB gain: 1Hz to 1MHz
Noise:
Input termination: 1nF to GND
Output noise with selector settings
1nF/1GOhm/0dB: 2-4µVrms/A
10nF/1GOhm/20dB: 8-10µVrms/A
1nF/1GOhm/20dB: 14-20µVrms/A
100pF/1GOhm/20dB: 80-110µVrms/A
Power supply:
Voltage: min.: 12VDC
max.: 24VDC
Current consumption: 40mA ±10mA at 12Vdc

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 201©RESON

52
www.reson.com
 EC6067
CCA 1000 Conditioning Charge Amplifier

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Lower frequency limit:
Frequency limits (-3dB) versus input resistance at 1nF
input load:
1GOhm 0.3Hz
330Mohm 0.5Hz
100Mohm 1.5Hz
33Mohm 4.5Hz
10Mohm 15Hz
3.3Mohm 45Hz
1ohm 150Hz
330kOhm 450Hz
100kOhm 1.5kHz
33kOhm 4.5kHz
10kOhm 15kHz
3.3kOhm 45kHz
Weight:
Including supply cable: 530g
Accessories included: Supply cable TL 8088 at one end.
Input capacitance settings:
To obtain close unity input gain from a hydrophone, - set the input capacitance selector to a
capacitance value close as possible to the hydrophone (end of cable capacitance).
The input gain is then calculated from: transducer capacitance Ctr. divided by the input capacitance
Cin x 20 log = dB gain

Example:
a. 20 log (1nF/1nF) = 0dB
b. 20 log (8nF/4.7nF) = +4.62 dB gain

USER INSTRUCTIONS
Voltage supply:
Connect the supply cable to a battery or AC powered DC supply. The required voltage is 12 to
24VDC. DC supply common/ground should be connected to water for min. noise.

CCA 1000 outline dimensions and layout Simplified block diagram

TL 8088 Supply cable

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 2011©RESON

53 53
www.reson.com
 EC6068
Battery Module Rechargeable

EC6068
• Sealed EMI/RFI shielded Underwater sound measurements at sea or in the field often require
aluminum box hydrophones with built-in preamplifiers with a portable DC voltage
supply.
• Battery charge condition
indicator
The TC6068 Battery Module provides an ideal portable and compact DC
• ON/OFF switch exposing red source for the hydrophones and the conditioning amplifiers VP1000 and CCA
for ON 1000.

• Internal automatic 0.5A fuse The EC6068 consists of a 12 Volt/1.2Ah Ni-Ca high quality battery enclosed in
a sealed EMI/RFI shielded aluminum case.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Battery voltage: 12Volt
Battery capacity: 1.2Ah
Typical recharge time: 10 hours (avoid over charging)
Operating time w. Hydrophone type:
TC4032: >12 hours
TC4035: > 20 hours
Temperature range:
Operating: -10 to +50°C
Storage: -30 to +50°C
Battery type: Ni Ca
Accessories included: TL8084 DC Supply cable
Dimensions: L.w.h.125 x 80 x 60mm
Weight including cable: 1.4kg

The battery condition is displayed on the indicator with a red and green field. The battery is fully
charged when the pointer centered in the green field.

The ON/OFF switch is exposing a red mark in ON position to remind the user to shut off the module
when not in use.

The EC 6068 battery can be recharged by use of EC 6072 battery charger connected with, a
TL 8084 cable.

The EC6068 output is short circuit protected at 0.5 A. The reset time is approximately 2 sec.

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 201©RESON

54
www.reson.com
 EC6068
Battery Module Rechargeable

EC 6068 Outline dimensions and layout

Circuit Diagram

DC supply cable TL 8084

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 2011©RESON

55 55
www.reson.com
 EC6069
Battery Module Dry Cell 2 x 9 V

EC6069
• Sealed EMI/RFI shielded Underwater sound measurements in the field often require hydrophones with
aluminum box built-in preamplifiers or they are connected to conditioning amplifiers that
requires portable DC voltage supply.
• Battery charge condition
indicator
The EC6069 Battery Module supplies 18VDC from two exchangeable dry cell
• ON/OFF switch exposing red batteries. EC6069 is an ideal DC voltage source for hydrophones and for the
for ON preamplifiers VP1000 and CCA1000.

• Easy replaceable 9V 6F22/PP3 The EC6069 consists of a sealed EMI/RFI shielded aluminum case that
batteries encloses 2 x 9 Volt Alkaline batteries type IEC 6 LR 61 9Volt 0.55ah.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Battery voltage: 18Volt (2 x 9Volt) Dry Cell
Operating time for long life batteries supplying Hydrophone type:
TC4032: >10 hours
TC4035: >16 hours
Temperature range:
Operating: -10 to +50°C
Storage: -30 to +50°C
Battery type: IEC 9V 6LR 61 0.55 ah
Dimensions (L.w.h.): 125 x 80 x 60mm
Weight including cable: 0.56kg.
Accessories included: DC supply cable TL 8084

The battery condition is displayed on the indicator with a red and green field. The battery
is fully charged when the pointer is in center of the green field.

The battery condition indicator measures the actual voltage on the battery cells.

The indicator should be read with load applied.

The ON switch is exposing a red mark in ON position to remind the user to shut the battery
supply off when not in use.

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 201©RESON

56
www.reson.com
 EC6069
Battery Module Dry Cell 2 x 9 V

Outline dimensions and layout

Circuit Diagram

DC supply cable TL 8084

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 2011©RESON

57 57
www.reson.com
 EC6070
Hydrophone Audio Amplifier

EC6070
• Bandwidth up to 700kHz RESON’s EC 6070 is a sophisticated preamplifier and audio amplifier system
• Total signal amplification up to with loudspeakers designed for monitoring underwater acoustic signals
90 dB from 10Hz to 700kHz.
• Input selector for two types of This system is ideal for listening and recording both low frequency whale
Hydrophones vocalization and high-frequency echo-location sonar signals of dolphins
• Individual input and output and porpoises. A selectable envelope modulation detector converts high
gain settings frequency signals to human-audible range. The versatility and user-friendly
• Input low frequency sea wave operation of the EC 6070 make it a beneficial addition to many acoustic
cut-off filter research laboratories, aquariums, and bioacoustic programs. It operates on
• Build-in envelope sonar detector
24VDC, with several stages of adjustable input and output gain, built-in high-
pass filter options, convenient output lines for ocsilloscopes, analyzing equip-
• Build-in Loudspeaker amplifiers
ment, or recorders (tape, minidisc, etc), and input lines for playback.
• Build-in Headphone amplifier
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
• Individual volume controls
Frequency range ±3dB: 10Hz to 700kHz
• Recording and Playback switch
Ultrasound detector range: 20kHz to 200kHz
• Input and Output’s both on Input gain: -20 to +30dB
BCN’s and mini jack’s Output gain: -20 to +30dB
• Supplied with Loudspeakers Envelope detector gain: -20 to +30dB
and Headphones Output power: 2x10Watt/8ohm
Line output level: 100mV to 1Vrms
• Supplied with Cables
Line input level: 100mV to 1Vrms
• Battery powered 24 Volt Voltage supply: 24Volt (2x12 Volt Batteries)
(Battery not supplied) Current consumption/standby: 0.14Amp
Current consumption/maximum: 4Amp
Rack case 19”: Dimensions: 19”x12”x3.5” (w.d.h.)
Weight: 4.3kg
Loudspeaker : Impedance: 8ohm
Effect: 60Watt
SPL/W: 86dB
Dimensions w.d.h.: 160x160x230
Weight: 3.5kg each
Accessories delivered with EC6070:
Loudspeakers: Monacor type LSP-60-2 pcs
Headphones: 1 set
Loudspeaker Cables: 1x5 meter
Battery Cable: 1x2 meter

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 201©RESON

58
www.reson.com
 EC6070
Hydrophone Audio Amplifier

Description

The EC6070 Audio Amplifier is designed for detection of The EC6070 is supplied with two loudspeakers and a set of
underwater acoustic sounds. It contains a low noise broadband headphone for monitoring.
Hydrophone preamplifier combined with a loudspeaker power The loudspeakers supplied with the system are for usage in
amplifier in the same case. The amplifier has been designed sheltered/indoor areas only.
especially for optimum operation with the RESON TC4032 and The sound level of the speakers should be sufficient for most
TC4033 Hydrophones. indoor applications.
For outdoor applications under ambient (often humid and noisy)
The TC4032 has a built in low-noise preamplifier and should be conditions the use of water-resistant horn loudspeakers is
used generally where long cables and/or extremely low-noise recommended. Common horn speakers may deliver up to 10
are required. The TC4033 without pre-amplifier is a spherical times the sound pressure level of that of the indoor speakers.
type and provides a broad frequency range up to very high- The EC6070 is contained in a 19 inch. rack case which enables
frequencies. permanent mounting in laboratories / research stations or other
facilities where fixed installations are required.
The Hydrophones are connected directly to the input connec-
tors located at the rear panel. The BNC input connector for the The input and output BNC connectors on the front panel
TC4033 incorporates an extra 30dB amplifier in order to match enables direct connection to oscilloscopes, spectrum analyzers
the level of the TC4032. or other storage equipment.
The output signal covers the full frequency range of the Hydro-
The EC6070 provides high quality real-time reproduction of phone at line level for recording and analyzing.
sound from marine mammals such as whales dolphins and
porpoises. Line input and outputs are available on mini jack connectors
With the sonar detector engaged are frequencies above 20kHz enabling recording and Playback from common Tape recorders
envelope detected and reproduced in the audible frequency or Mini Disk recorders.
range of the human ear. The insert Cal. BNC connector on the front panel, enables
The wide frequency range of this amplifiers from 10Hz to connection of an insert voltage signal for calibration of the
700kHz enables detection of sound from low audible TC4032 with the EC6070.
frequencies to high ultrasound frequencies. The EC6070 is to be powered from external 24Volt batteries.

Schematic drawing of the EC6070 front and rear panel, showing the
function title and location of the selector knobs, indicator diodes
and connectors.

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 2011©RESON

59 59
www.reson.com
 EC6072
Battery Charger

EC6072
• Sealed durable aluminum box The EC6072 Battery Charger has been designed for recharging of the
EC6068 Battery Module.
• EMI/RFI shielding Charging of
two batteries simultaneously Two EC6068 Battery Modules can be connected to EC6072 and
recharged simultaneously.
• Useable as DC Voltage supply

Furthermore, the EC6072 can be used as DC voltage supply for hydro-

phones with built-in preamplifiers and for the VP1000 Voltage Amplifier or the
CCA1000 Charge Conditioning Amplifier.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Mains supply: 110/220 VAC (Auto-setting)
DC output: 15 Volt/0.12 A
Temperature range:
Operating: -10 to +50°C
Storage: -30 to +50°C
Dimensions: 125 x 80 x 60mm (L.w.h.)
Weight: 0.6kg
Accessory included: IEC Mains cable 2 pcs DC supply cable TL 8084

The EC6072 is equipped with an ON/OFF switch displaying a red mark in ON position.

A red light is shown when 110/220V mains is on.

A green light is shown when the charger is active.

EC6072 accepts both 110 and 220V mains. The voltage level is internally detected and automatically
switched to the right setting.

The DC charge voltage is supplied to the batteries or the preamplifiers through the DC charger cable
TL8084 when connected to the 3 pole connector.

EC6072 is current limited @ 0,12A mains fuse 0.1A inside box.

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 201©RESON

60
www.reson.com
 EC6072
Battery Charger

Outline dimensions and layout

Circuit Diagram

DC supply cable TL 8084 (2 pcs.)

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 2011©RESON

61 61
www.reson.com
 EC6073
Input Module

EC6073
• Sealed EMI/RFI shielded The EC6073 Input Module is equipped with two input connectors that provides
aluminum box connection for RESON hydrophones terminated with either Jupiter or LEMO
connectors.
• Dual input
A four-pole connector required for TC4014 connectors can be optionally
• DC supply from battery
modules supplied on request.

• Insert calibration The EC6073 distributes and terminates the hydrophone cable connections to
DC supply, signal output and insert calibration.
• BNC OutputConnector
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
EC6073 Connections:
TL4032 connection JUPITER M 10 7 polereceptacle
TC4014 connection. Not standard, 4 poleinsert is available on request.
TC4035 connection LEMO 4 polereceptacle.
Signal output on BNC connector.
Insert Voltage Calibration on BNC connector
DC-supply to hydrophones on 3 pole connector
Weight: 0.55kg
Dimensions: L.w.h. 125 x 80 x 60mm
Accessories included: Supply cable TL8088

Insert voltage calibration of hydrophones can be performed by connecting CAL. (BNC connector) to a
Sine-generator and the hydro- phone output from OUT connector to scope or voltmeter measures the
response.
DC voltage supply to the hydrophone preamplifiers can be supplied either from the portable Battery
Modules EC6068 or EC6069 or from the EC6072 battery charger if mains are available. The TL8084
cable is used for DC supply connections.

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 201©RESON

62
www.reson.com
 EC6073
Input Module

Outline dimensions and layout

Circuit Diagram

TL 8088 Supply Cable

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 2011©RESON

63 63
www.reson.com
 EC6081
VP2000 Voltage preamplifier

EC6081
• 1Hz to 1MHz bandwidth The VP2000 is a 1MHz bandwidth voltage preamplifier designed for uses in
conjunction with piezoelectric hydrophones.
• Gain selection From 0 to 50dB VP2000 offers excellent low-noise performance over the entire frequency
range; gain selections in 6 levels from 0 to 50dB.
• Options of 12 high-pass filters
A range of 12 high-pass and 12 low-pass filters are available, - these allow
and 12 low-pass filters
ideal band pass filter settings.
• Excellent low-noise The VP2000 has a high input impedance which allow the measurements at
characteristic frequencies below 1Hz with even very small hydrophones sensor capacities.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Input:
Impedance: >100M-ohm´s
Max. level: 2.4Vrms at 12V supply
Output:
Impedance: 10ohm//100µF
Max. level: 2.4Vrms at 12Vdc 5.4Vrms at 24V supply
Max. load: 10nF (100m cable)
Gain:
Gain settings, 6 steps dB: 0–10–20–30–40-50
Bandwidth
Frequency range -3dB 0.5Hz to 0.5MHz
with 20dB gain: -6dB 1MHz)
Noise:
Power spectrumdensity noise 20nV/√Hz (at 1kHz)
Hi-Pass Filters: 1-10-50-100-500-1k-5k
-3dB @ Hz (6dB/oct): 10k-25k-50k-100k-250k
Lo-Pass Filters: 1k-5k-10k-20k-25k-50k
-3dB @ Hz (6dB/oct): 100k-250-500k-750-1M
Power supply: 12Vdc (min. 10Vdc, max. 30Vdc)
Voltage nominal: 15mA @ 12Vdc
Current quiescent: 20mA @ 24Vdc
Enclosure case, dimensions: 125, 80, 60mm. (l w, h) (Splash proof aluminum box)
Accessory included: Supply cable TL8088 for laboratory. Vdc supply.
Accessory available: See page 2

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 201©RESON

64
www.reson.com
 EC6081
VP2000 Voltage preamplifier

Outline dimensions and layout Functional Block Diagram

TL 8088 Supply Cable

Noise power density spectrum re input Phase shift

Input load 1nF, gain 0dB, 1Hz filter With 1 Hz filter at 0dB and 0dB gain

High Pass filter characteristics Low Pass filter characteristics

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 2011©RESON

65 65
www.reson.com
 Accessories
Diagram on Accessories
HYDROPHONES PREAMPLIFIERS DC-SUPPLY CHARGER

TC4013

VP1000
TC4033

EC6068 EC6072
TC4034

VP2000
TC4038

EC6069

TC4040

CCA1000

Hydrophones with integrated preamplifiers, -connections of, for portable use:

HYDROPHONES INPUT MODULE DC-SUPPLY CHARGER

TC4014

TC4032
EC6068 EC6072

TC4035 EC6073

TC4042 EC6069

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 201©RESON

66
www.reson.com
 Cables and Accessories

Model TL TL TL TL TL TL TL TL TL TL
8038 8043 8069 8070 8084 8088 8116 8140 8142 8144

TC1026 • •
TC1037 •
TC2024 •
TC2122 •
TC4014-5 • • •
TC4032 • • •
TC4042 • • •
EC6061 •
EC6067 •
EC6068 •
EC6069 •
EC6081 •

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 2011©RESON

67 67
www.reson.com
 Cables and Accessories

TL8038/8044

TL8069
Transduser Housing, small

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 201©RESON

68
www.reson.com
 Cables and Accessories
TL8070
Transduser Housing, large

TL8084

TL8085
Protectiv Cage for TC4032

TL8088

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 2011©RESON

69 69
www.reson.com
 Cables and Accessories

TL8140

TL8142

TL8144

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 201©RESON

70
www.reson.com
 Basic Acoustics

Electro-Acoustic Properties
Name Symbol Unit Quick Formula Explanation

Frequency fkHz kHz - Frequency is cycles per time unit

Input voltage at the transducer terminals in rms-value while

Input Voltage Vin Volt-rms -
transmitting
OpenCircuitVoltage.Outputvoltageatthetransducerterminalsin
Output Voltage OCV Volt-rms -
rms-value while receiving when no current passes its terminals
The transducer’s impedance, which is the ratio between
Z=V/I=|Z|<j
Electric Impedance Z Ohm voltage V and current I. Z is a complex number Z=R+jX
|Z|2=R2+X2
with modulus |Z| and phase ϕ
Thetransducer’sphase.Thephaseanglebetweenthecurrentand
Electric Phase ϕ deg tan(ϕ)=X/R
the voltage

Electric Resistance R Ohm R=|Z|cos(ϕ) Equivalent series resistance. Real part of Z,

Electric Reactance X Ohm X=|Z|sin(√°) Equivalent series reactance. Imaginary part of Z,

Conductance GP Ohm-1 R/(R2+X2) Equivalent parallel conductance. GP=R/|Z|2 = cos(ϕ)/|Z|

Electric Power Pe Watt Pe,in=V2 in⋅GP Electrical power at the transducer terminals

Speed of Sound c m/s - About ~1500m/s for water

Density ρ kg/m3 - About ~1000kg/m3 for water

Therms-amplitudeofasoundwave.Forplanewavesincompress-
Pressure P Pa -
ible medias p= ρ⋅c ⋅u where u is the particle velocity.

Acoustic Intensity Ia Watt/m3 Ia=p2/(ρc) Acoustic power per area. Loudness of sound.

Acoustic Power Pa Watt Pa=Ia⋅Aa Acoustic power

Square: L 2
Any area, through which acoustic energy is transferred. Often
Circle: πr2
Acoustic Area Aa m 2
used to describe the size of the active sound-emitting parts of a
Sphere: 4πr2
transducer
Cylinder: 2πrh

Efficiency ηea - ηea = Pa,out / Pe,in Electric to acoustic efficiency

Thedirectivityindexistheratio(indB)ofthemaximumintensity
Directivity Index DI dB - producedbythetransducercomparedtoapointsource,whichis
putting out the same acoustic power.
Thesourcelevelistheratio(indB)ofthemaximumintensitypro-
dB re
Source Level SL SL=TRV+20log(Vin) ducedbythetransducerat1mdistancecomparedtotheintensity
1µPa@1m
of a plane wave with rms-amplitude 1µPa (0.667⋅10-18w/m2).
dB re Transmitresponsewithrespecttovoltagetakenatthereference
TransmittingResponsetoVoltage TRV -
1µPa/V@1m distance 1m
dB re Transmitresponsewithrespecttocurrenttakenatthereference
TransmittingResponsetoCurrent TRC -
1µPa/Amp@1m distance 1m
Open circuit voltage response with respect to 1µPa. Also called
Receiving Response RR dB re 1V/µPa RR=20log(OCV)-IL
receiving sensitivity.
The intensity level is the ratio (in dB) of an intensity compared to
Intensity Level IL dB re 1µPa IL=20log(p/1µPa) thereferenceintensityofaplanewavewithrms-amplitude1µPa
(0.667⋅10-18w/m2).
Thedropinacousticintensitycausedbysphericalspreadingand
Transmitting Loss TL dB TL=20log(r)+α(r-1)
attenuation

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 2011©RESON

71 71
www.reson.com
 Basic Acoustics

Electro-Acoustic Equations
Name Equation (reciprocal transducers) Unit

Source Level SL = 10log(Pe) + 10log(ηea) + DI + 170.8 [dB re 1µPa @1m]

Transmit Response to Voltage TRV = 10log(GP) + 10log(ηea) + DI + 170.8 [dB re 1µPa/V @1m]

Transmit Response to Current TRC = 20log(|Z|) + TRV [dB re 1µ Pa/Amp @1m]

Receiving Response RR = TRC - 354 - 20log(fkHz) [dB re 1V/µPa]

Unit Conversion
Property Conversions

Pressure 1Pa = 106µPa = 10-5 bar = 0.145⋅10-3psi ≈ 10-5 atm

Length 1m = 1.094yd = 39.4inch

Weight 1kg = 2.205lb

Unit to convert from Unit to convert to Conversion formula

X [°C] Y [°F] Y = 1.8 ⋅ X + 32

X [dB re 1 µPa] Y [W/m2] Y = 0.667 ⋅ 10-18 W/m2 ⋅ 10(X/10)

X [W/m2] Y [Pa] rms Y = (X⋅ 1000kg/m3 ⋅ 1500m/s)1/2

X [Decibel] Y [Nepers] X = 8.686 ⋅ Y

Word Symbol Factor dB Property SI/unit Symbols Comment

tera T 1012 +120 Length Meter 1m -
giga G 109 +90 Area Square meter 1m2 -
mega M 10 6
+60 Volume Cubic meter 1m 3
-
kilo k 10 3
+30 Weight Kilograms 1kg -
hekto h 10 2
+20 Time Seconds 1s -
deca da 10 1
+10 Temperature Celsius 1°C or Kelvin
- - 10 0
0 Energy Joule 1J -
deci d 10 -1
-10 Charge Coulomb 1C -
centi c 10 -2
-20 Voltage Volts 1V -
milli m 10-3 -30 Impedance Ohm 1Ω Electrical
mikro µ 10-6 -60 Impedance Rayl 1Rayl Acoustical
nano n 10-9 -90 Current Ampere 1A 1C/s
pico p 10 -12
-120 Conductance Siemens 1S Ω-1
Power Watt 1W 1J/s
Force Newton 1N 1kg ⋅ m/s2
Pressure Pascal 1Pa 1N/m2

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 201©RESON

72
www.reson.com
 Basic Acoustics
Definitions, References and Decibels
The Decibel:
A decibel is, regardless of the sort of application, always ten times the logarithmic (base ten denoted log10 or simply
log) function of a number. That is:
xdB ≡ 10log10 (x)

The decibel is often used when the range of x is very broad – say from 0.0001 to 10000 – and the advantage is that
the decibel “compresses” x. The table below shows some examples.

x 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000

xdB -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40

The logarithmic function, and therefore also the decibel, is only defined for dimensionless x, which means that x can-
not have a unit like e.g. meters or Watt. Because of this, x is very often a fraction of two numbers with units; the nomi-
nator being the quantity of interest and the denominator being the reference.
a
xdB = 10log
aref

The reference concept is very important for the proper understanding of decibels because it uniquely determines what the decibel
number is referring to. An example should clarify this point. If for example “a” is the length of a stick, say a=1.3m, we cannot give
the length of a in decibels before we choose a reference distance simply because log(a) doesn’t make sense when “a” has a unit.
However, if we choose 1m as the reference we can express “a” in dB relative to 1m. That is:
1.3m 1.3m
adB = 10log 1m
= 10log 1m
= 10log(1.3) = 1.14dB re 1m

Notice that the result “1.14dB re 1m” specifically points out that the chosen reference is 1m, which enable the reverse
calculation back to a=1.3m from the dB. Therefore, even when the reference is left out in formulas to save time and
writing, all dB numbers refer to references and any dB number only makes sense if it is clear what the reference is.

The decibel and other logarithmic functions have some nice properties whereof the most important is that multipli-
cation becomes summation. The laws of logarithmic functions are:

logk (a ⋅ b) = logk (a) + logk (b)

logk (a ⁄ b) = logk (a) - logk (b)
logk (an) = logk (a)

The last rule is often applied when the property “a” can be expressed as e.g. the square of some pressure, voltage
or distance. A missing subscript k usually refers to the logarithm with base ten k=10, but it can also mean the natural
logarithm ln(x) with base k=e=2.7183.

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 2011©RESON

73 73
www.reson.com
 Basic Acoustics
Underwater sound:
Sound is disturbances of the medium – here water – travelling in a 3 dimensional manner as the disturbance propa-
gate with the speed of sound. The sound is defined as a plane wave when the sound propagates in a single direction
i.e. the lines for uniform phase are straight.

Plane wave propagation f=frequency

p=sound pressure

c=speed of sound

ρ=density

u=particle velocity

Za=acoustic impedance
p<0 p>0

Acoustic impedance is perhaps the most basic concepts of underwater sound because its definition is a constitutive
equation (one from which others are derived) for underwater sound propagation. The relation is:

p ≡ Za ⋅ u ,and for a plane wave Za = ρ ⋅ c

This definition is analogous to Ohm’s law for electrical circuits i.e. V=R⋅I and you can often think of particle velocity,
acoustic impedance and sound pressure in the same way. Mechanical engineers may think of Newton’s law F=m⋅a as
analogy. It shows that particle velocity and pressure are in phase in a plane sound wave.

Acoustic intensity – power (Pa) per unit area (Aa) or energy flux - is used to describe levels of underwater sound like
e.g. an echo, a whale’s call or a signal from a remote transducer. The intensity of a plane harmonic wave is:
P2rms Pa
Ia = =
ρ ⋅ c Aa
The daily term “a high sound” refers to a sound with a high intensity. A reference intensity Iref has been defined in order
to enable direct comparison of the loudness of sounds and the reference intensity used in underwater acoustics is that
of a plane harmonic wave with an rms-pressure of 1µPa, which for ordinary seawater with c≈1500m/s and ρ≈1000kg/
m3 gives
(1 µPa)2 -12
Iref = = 10 W
⁄m2 =0.667 ⋅ 10-18W⁄m2
1000 ⁄m ⋅ 1500m⁄
kg 3
1.5 ⋅ 10 6
s

The intensity level (IL=how high a sound is) is the intensity of the sound wave taken in decibels relative to the refer-
ence intensity of 1µPa plane wave rms-pressure (which is shortened to “re 1µPa”):
I
IL = 10log dB re 1µPa
0.667 ⋅ 10-18 W⁄m2

The intensity level is thus the loudness of a sound at a field point, which is different from the loudness of a source of
sound because the intensity level decreases as the distance to the source increases. The intensity level of a sound is
for example 200dB re 1µPa, which is the same as I=Iref ⋅10(200dB/10) = 66.7W/m2.

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 201©RESON

74
www.reson.com
 Basic Acoustics
Beam patterns and Directivity:
The beam pattern of a transducer contain information about the transducer’s spatial response i.e. how it transmits or re-
ceives in different directions. Transducers that are very small compared to the wavelength have omni directional beams,
which means that the energy is not concentrated in any particular direction. Transducers that are large compared to the
wavelength have a very directive beam pattern, which means that their energy is concentrated in a specific direction.

The beam width, which is the angle subtended by the points where the intensity has dropped 3dB below the maximum
on-axis response, is often used as indicators of how concentrated the energy is for a specific transducer in a given cross
section.

The directivity index of a transmitter describes how concentrated the transmitted energy is at the maximum response point
and for receivers the directivity index indicates the ability to discriminate a signal from an ambient background noise, both
cases relative to an omni directional transducer.

Source Type -3dB Beam Width Directivity Index Sketch Beam Shape Validity Conditions
Point D<<λ
360° ≈0dB D Spherical

D<<λ
Point (baffled) 180° ≈3dB D Half spherical

L>λ
76200 100 L in [mm]
Line (baffled) ß≈ DI ≈ 10log ß Toroidal f in [kHz]
fkHz ⋅ Lmm L β in [deg]
DI in [dB]
D>λ
91440 36000 D in [mm]
Disc (baffled) ß≈ DI ≈ 10log Conical f in [kHz]
fkHz ⋅ Dmm ß2
β in [deg]
D DI in [dB]
76200 LH, LV > λ
ßH ≈
fkHz ⋅ LH Shell-like
LH, LH in [mm]
Rectangular 31600 f in [kHz]
DI ≈ 10log or
(baffled) 76200 ßH ⋅ ßV LV conical
βH, βV in [deg]
ßV ≈ LH DI in [dB]
fkHz ⋅ LV

2.455 βH <180°
DI ≈ 10log Shell-like
ßH , ßV βV <180°
Arbitrary (baffled) sin( ) ⋅ sin(B2V )
BH
2
or
βH, βV in [deg]
conical
DI in [dB]
Table 1: Approximations to far-field beam width and directivity index for various sources. Formulas for finding beam widths
assume that the speed of sound is c≈1500m/s (c=λ⋅f). Notice that the beam width of a transducer is the same whether it is
transmitting or receiving.

The nearfield (or Fresnel field) of a transducer is characterized by irregularity and changes due to refraction effects leading
the fact that the interference pattern (the beam) has not yet been fully formed. The Rayleigh distance r0 can approximate the
nearfield extension:

r0 ≈ Aactive ⁄ λ

Aactive is the active area of the transducer’s face. For line arrays, cylindrical arrays and the like it is often better to use
Aactive=(Lmax)2 where Lmax is the longest dimension found on the active face of the transducer. The farfield (Fraunhofer field)
precedes the nearfield after a transition region and is characterized by spherical spreading and regular beam patterns.

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 2011©RESON

75 75
www.reson.com
 Basic Acoustics
Underwater Sound Transmission:
Sounds originating from acoustic sources are measured in intensity level, which decreases as the distance to the
source is increased due to transmission loss (TL) i.e. spreading and absorption:

IL = SL - TL = SL - 20log(r) - a ⋅ (r-1m)
Spreading Attenuation

The formula assumes spherical spreading for the transmission loss i.e. the sound is unbounded and spreads out like it
was originating from a point – the acoustic center of the source.

Spherical Spreading Unbounded

TL=20log(r)+α(r-1)

r, IL
SL
Attenuation
Cylindrical Spreading Semi bounded
r=1 TL=10log(r)+α(r-1)
Spreading
Source
No Spreading Bounded
TL=α(r-1)

Figure 1: Schematics of sound transmission with different kind of spreading

Spherical spreading is most common and is valid in the far field required that the source is placed far enough from any
large structure. Cylindrical spreading occurs for example in shallow waters when the bottom and the surface reflects
the sound and forces it to spread like a cylinder. When the sound is completely bounded (e.g. inside a pipe) it cannot
spread and only absorption remains in the formula for transmission loss.

The last term of the transmission loss is the attenuation, which increases very significantly with the frequency and fur-
thermore varies with pressure, temperature, salinity and acidity. Accurate approximations are hard to come by, but the
following approximation may be used:

Description Equation Remarks

Absorption coefficient α=attenuation [dB/m]
of sound in seawater fT · f 2 f2 A=2.34⋅10-6 Np/m (Empirical constant)
at the sea surface a0 ≈A·S · +B· B=3.38⋅10-6 Np/m (Empirical constant)
f 2T + f 2 fT
f=frequency [kHz]
fT=relaxation frequency [kHz]
S=salinity [ppt]
Correction for 6- 1520 fT=relaxation frequency [kHz]
Temperature FT = 21.9 ⋅ 10
T+273 T=temperature [°C]
T=20°C: fT=142kHz
Correction for depth αd=attenuation at depth d>0m [dB/m]
ad = a0 (1-6.33 ·10-5 · D) α0=attenuation at d=0m [dB/m]
D=depth [m]
Table 2: Approximate formula by Schulkin & Marsh for the sound attenuation in seawater1

1
Reference: Schulkin, M., and H. W. Marsh: “Absorption of sound in seawater”, J. Brit. IRE, 25:493 (1963). Also, “Sound Absorption in Sea Water”,
J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 34:864 (1962).

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 201©RESON

76
www.reson.com
 Basic Acoustics
Following Schulkin & Marsh’s approximate expressions, the special case of freshwater (S ≈ 0ppt) at room temperature
(T=20°C) and surface pressure (D=0m) gives the very simple formula for α[dB/m] as a function of the frequency f[kHz]:
· f 2kHz
a≈2.06 · 10-7
dB
m ⋅ kHz2
It should be noted that the effect of having saltwater (North Atlantic S ≈ 35ppt) instead of freshwater (S ≈ 0ppt) is
significant.

The speed of sound is a very important parameter in any echo-sounding system where a range is determined based
upon the elapsed time and the speed of sound. The speed of sound can be approximated with a simple formula:

Description Equation Remarks Limits

Speed of c ≈1449.2 +4.6T c=speed of sound [m/s] 0 ≤ T ≤ 35°C
sound in -5.5 · 10-2T2 + 2.9 · 10-4T3 T=temperature [°C] 0 ≤ S ≤ 45ppt
seawater + (1.34 - 10-2T) (S - 35) S=salinity [ppt] 0 ≤ d ≤ 1000m
+ 1.6 · 10-2 D D=depth [m]
Table 3: Approximate formula by Medwin for the speed of sound in seawater2

If we take the special case of freshwater (S ≈ 0ppt) at room temperature (T=20°C) and surface pressure (D=0m) again
Medvin’s formula yields:
c ≈1482 m⁄s

The corresponding result for North Atlantic seawater (S ≈ 35ptt, T=20°C, D=0m) would leave a higher speed of sound
c ≈ 1522m/s. The speed of sound is by definition the frequency multiplied with the wavelength:
c ≈f · λ
The frequency cannot change, which implies that when the speed of sound changes the wavelength changes accord-
ingly and this forces the sound to refract (“bend”) in order to enable the change in wavelength – see Figure 2.

c1 Snell’s Law of Refraction

λ1
θ1 cos(θ1) cos(θ2)
= = ... = constant for a single beam
c1 c2
where θ is the grazing angle and c is the speed
λ2 θ2 of sound.
c2
Figure 2: Sketch of refraction (ray bending).

Snell’s Law of refraction gives the bending angle of the sound “ray” i.e. that particular grazing angle indicating the
chance in the ray propagation direction. Ray bending is only significant when the speed of sound changes and then
usually only at large ranges. For more information on sound refraction and ray bending see Urick3.

2
Reference: Medwin, H.: “Speed of Sound in Water For Realistic Parameters”, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 58:1318 (1975)
3
Urick, Robert J.: “Principles of underwater sound, 3rd edition”. McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1983

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 2011©RESON

77 77
www.reson.com
 Basic Acoustics
Sound pressure levels:
The source level of an acoustic source compares the intensity emitted by the acoustic source to a reference source.
This of course, also enables direct comparison of acoustic sources with each other i.e. which one is the most power-
ful? The reference source is an omni directional source (DI=0dB) with an acoustic output power of 1W taken at the
reference distance r=1m from the acoustic center. In terms of acoustic intensity the reference source has an acoustic
intensity I0:
Pa,0 1W
I0 = = = 0.0796W⁄m2 @1m
Asphere 4π(1m)2

In dB relative to the reference intensity Iref this is

I0 = 10log 0.0796W⁄m2 = 170.8 dB re 1µPa @1m

I0,dB = 10log
Iref 0.667 · 10-18W⁄m2

This is where the (to some well-known) reference level 170.8dB re 1µPa @ 1m derives from and it should be noted
that the “dB re 1µPa @1m” should be understood as “the intensity level relative to the intensity of a plane wave with
an rms-pressure of 1µPa taken at the reference distance 1m from the source”. Most acoustic sources have an acous-
tic power output different from 1W and they are not always omni-directional. To find the source level of such a more
generic source we simply add (in dB) the directivity and the ratio of power output relative to 1W:

SL = 10log(Pa) + DI +170.8dB re 1µPa @1m

In this formula, and in many similar, it is always understood that Pa is relative to unity with the proper unit assigned
i.e. 1W. So “Pa” is really an abbreviation for “Acoustic output power relative to 1W” just like “DI” is short for directivity
relative to an omni-directional source. The transmit response to voltage, TRV, is defined in such a way that the source
level can be calculated from:
SL = TRV +20log(Vin)

The TRV value is, however, often measured at low power and since the electric-to-acoustic efficiency can drop signifi-
cantly with increased power levels it is often best to use the TRV relation with caution. It should be emphasized that
the number and term source level refers to an acoustic source, not to the level of a particular sound, and that a source
level is merely a practical definition.

The source level of a transmitter can be estimated (ignoring attenuation) by measuring the output voltage of a hydro-
phone submerged in the vicinity of the transmitting transducer, see the sketch below.

OCV
r
RR

Transmitter Hydrophone

)r
SL = 20log(OCV) - RR + 20log ( 1m

For an example, the hydrophone has a receive response RR=-190dB re 1V/µPa with an open circuit (output) voltage
OCV=2.4Vrms on its terminals. This means that the intensity level at the hydrophone is IL=20log(2.4Vrms) - (-190dB
re 1V/µPa) = 197.6dB re 1µPa and if the distance between the hydrophone and the transmitter is r=4m the source
level is calculated from SL=IL+ 20log(4m/1m)=209.6dB re 1µPa @ 1m.

RESON reserves the right to change specifications without notice. 201©RESON

78
www.reson.com